Three Roads to Quantum Gravity (34 page)

A sample of papers on black holes in loop quantum gravity is: Carlo Rovelli, ‘Black hole entropy from loop quantum gravity’, gr-qc/9603063, Physical Review Letters 77 (1996) 3288; Marcelo Barreira, Mauro Carfora and Carlo Rovelli, ‘Physics with nonperturbative quantum gravity: radiation from a quantum black hole’, gr-qc/9603064, General Relativity and Gravity 28 (1996) 1293; Kirill Krasnov, ‘On quantum statistical mechanics of a Schwarzschild black hole’, gr-qc/9605047, General Relativity and Gravity 30 (1998) 53; Kirill Krasnov, ‘Quantum geometry and thermal radiation from black holes’, gr-qc/9710006, Classical and Quantum Gravity 16 (1999) 563; A. Ashtekar, J. Baez and K. Krasnov, ‘Quantum geometry of isolated horizons and black hole entropy’, gr-qc/ 0005126; A. Ashtekar, J. Baez, A. Corichi and K. Krasnov, ‘Quantum geometry and black hole entropy’, gr-qc/9710007, Physical Review Letters 80 (1998) 904.

Non-commutative geometry is introduced in the book by Alain Connes, Non-commutative Geometry (Academic Press, 1994).

The material described here is mostly related to my book, Life of the Cosmos. The discussion of space is drawn from S. Kauffman and L. Smolin, ‘Combinatorial dynamics in quantum gravity’, hep-th/9809161.

absolute space

absolute time

academic environment

acceleration

aether theory

Ambjørn, Jan

Amelino-Camelia, Giovanni

Anagnastopoulos, Kostas

angular momentum

anthropic observation

anthropic principle

strong

weak

anthropic question

area

Ashtekar, Abhay

atoms

background

dependent

independent

Baez, John

Bak, Per

Barbour, Julian

Bardeen, John

Barrett, John

BCS theory

Bekenstein, Jacob

Bekenstein bound

Bekenstein’s law

Bertotti, Bruno

big bang

biological systems

black holes

appearance

entropy

evaporation

formation

horizon

horizon area

memory

quantum

radiation

singularities

temperature

universe creation within

Boltzmann, Ludwig

bosons

branes

Bruegmann, Bernd

Butterfield, Jeremy

C-theory

carbon chemistry

causal past

causal structure

causal universe

causality

change

Chicago University

circle, smallest radius

classical physics

classical theory

Coleman, Sidney

colour-electric fields

computer metaphor

Connes, Alain

consistent histories

context dependence

continuous space

continuum

Cooper, Leon

Corichi, Alejandro

cosmological logic

cosmological natural selection

Crane, Louis

critical temperature

curvature tensor

D-planets

Darwin, Charles

Das, Ashok

Davies, Paul

Dawkins, Richard

decoherence

degree of freedom

Descartes, René

Deser, Stanley

DeWitt, Bryce

diffeomorphism

dimension compactification

discreteness

double slit experiment

Dowker, Fay

duality

economics

Ehrenfest, Paul

Einstein, Albert

equations

Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen experiment

electric field

electric superconductor

electromagnetism

electron wave

ellipse theory

energy

entropy

black hole

equilibrium

equivalence principle

Euclidean space

events

Everett, Francis

Everett, Hugh

falling bodies

fermions

Feyerabend, Paul

Feynman, Richard

Feynman diagram

fields

Finkelstein, David

fractal spacetime

future

future light cone

Galileo Galilei

Gambini, Rodolfo

Gell-Mann, Murray

general relativity

God

God of The Gap

God of the Gaps

graphs

gravitational constant

gravitational field

gravitational waves

gravitons

gravity

Hartle, James

Harvard graduate school

Hawking, Stephen

Hawking radiation

Hawking’s law

Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle

hidden regions

hidden variables

holographic principle

strong

weak

horizons

black hole

Imperial College

infinities

inflation

information

Institute of Theoretical Physics, Santa Barbara

intuitionistic logic

Isham, Christopher

Jacobson, Ted

Kauffman, Louis

Kauffman, Stuart

Kent, Adrian

Kepler, Johannes

knot theory

Krasnov, Kirill

lattice theory

laws of nature

Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm

Lewandowski, Jerzy

light

speed of

light cone

future

past

link

logic

Loll, Renate

loop

loop quantum gravity

Bekenstein bound derivation

boring nature of

complete formulation

historical development

problems with

relationship with string theory

unification with string theory

M theory

Mach, Ernst

magnetic field

many-worlds

Margulis, Lynn

Markopoulou-Kalamara, Fotini

Maxwell, James Clerk

Misner, Charles

momentum, angular

Montevideo

Morowitz, Harold

multiverse

natural selection

nature, laws of

Newton, Isaac

gravitational constant

Newtonian physics

non-commutative geometry

observers/observed

and acceleration

particle physics

past

past light cone

Pauli exclusion principle

Penn State University

Penrose, Roger

perturbation theory

Peskin, Michael

philosophy

phonons

photons

physical theories

Planck, Max

Planck scale

Planck units

length

mass

temperature

time

Planck’s constant

planetary orbits

Plato

points

Polyakov, Alexander

position vector

processes

Pullin, Jorge

quantum

quantum black hole

quantum chromodynamics

quantum constraints, see Wheeler-DeWitt equations

quantum cosmology

quantum electrodynamics

quantum fluctuations

quantum gravity

experimental evidence

quantum state

quantum theory

relational

wave-particle duality

quarks

radioactive decay

randomness

real numbers

Rees, Martin

reflexivity

Reisenberger, Mike

relational approach

relational quantum theory

relational universe

relative state interpretation

relativity

general

religion

renormalization

Rentlen, Paul

Rovelli, Carlo

Schrieffer, John

Schwartzman, Madeline

Schwinger, Julian

science

Screen, The

self-organization

Sen, Amitaba

Shenker, Stephen

singularities

Smolin, Lee

acting career

papers

Soma Sema

Sorkin, Raphael

Soros, George

sound waves

space

absolute

as a colour-electric superconductor

continuous

continuum

dimension compactification

discreteness

as a lattice

points in

quantized

relational view

spacetime

foam

fractal

geometry

speed of light

spin

spin foam

spin networks

evolving

spontaneous symmetry breaking

Stachel, John

states

statistical mechanics

stories

string

string bits

string length

string theory

black hole formation

consistent/inconsistent

different types of

problems with

relationship with loop quantum gravity

unification with loop quantum gravity

as a unified theory

superconductors

supergravity

superposition

supersymmetry

Susskind, Leonard

symmetry

Syracuse University

‘t Hooft, Gerardus

temperature

critical

theory of everything

thermodynamics

Thiemann, Thomas

Thing, The

time

absolute

Tomonaga, Sinitiro

topos theory

Trento University

Trias, Anthony

twistor theory

uncertainty principle

universe

causal

as a closed system

creation of

geometry

hidden regions

multiple

relational

Unruh, Bill

Unruh’s law

Uruguay University

virtual particles

volume

smallest possible

Warhol, Andy

weave

Weinberg-Salam theory

Wheeler, John

Wheeler-DeWitt equations

Wilson, Kenneth

Wittgenstein, Ludwig

Yale University

zero point motion

Born in New York City, Lee Smolin was educated at Hampshire College and Harvard University. He is currently professor of Physics at the Center for Gravitational Physics for a unification of quantum theory, cosmology and relativity. He is the author of
The Life of the Cosmos
(1997).

Copyright © 2001 by Lee Smolin

 

Published by Basic Books,

A Member of the Perseus Books Group

 

First Published in Great Britian in 2000 by Weidenfeld and Nicolson

 

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. For information, address Basic Books, 387 Park Avenue South, New York, NY 10016-8810.

 

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eISBN : 978-0-465-01324-1

 

 

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