Tommy (87 page)

125
Colonel W. N. Nicholson
Behind the Lines
(London 1939) pp. 15, 19–20.

126
Nicholson
Behind the Lines
p. 46.

127
Nicholson
Behind the Lines
p. 49.

128
For the effect of the political pull exercised by territorials see Kevin W. Mitchinson ‘The Transfer Controversy: Parliament and the London Regiment',
Stand To
(no. 33, Winter 1991).

129
Although there were circumstances when County Associations were involved in recruiting the New Armies, general arrangements were kept ‘separate and distinct', Beckett and Simpson (eds)
Nation in Arms
p. 139.

130
Peter Simkins
Kitchener's Army
(Manchester 1988) p. xiv.

131
9th (Scottish), 10th (Irish), 11th (Northern), 12th (Eastern), 13th (Western) and 14th (Light) Divisions.

132
15th (Scottish), 16th (Irish), 17th (Northern), 18th (Eastern), 19th (Western) and 20th (Light) Divisions.

133
3rd New Army: 21st, 22nd, 23rd, 24th, 25th and 26th Divisions. 4th New Army, its divisions largely made up of Pals' battalions: 30th Division (battalions from Manchester and Liverpool); 31st Division (initially numbered 38th, with battalions from Yorkshire, Lancashire and Durham); 32nd Division (battalions from Glasgow, Birmingham, Salford, Newcastle and Westmorland and Cumberland); 32nd Division (initially numbered 40th, all its battalions from London); 34th Division (battalions from Tyneside, Edinburgh, Cambridge and Grimsby); 35th (Bantam) Division (initially formed as the 42nd, and allowed to recruit infantry below the normal acceptable height.

134
The 5th New Army included 36th (Ulster) Division; 37th Division; 38th (Welsh) Division; 39th Division, 40th Division and 41st Division. In all there were seventy-one infantry divisions, regular, territorial and New Army, of which sixty-three served abroad.

135
Brigadier F. P. Roe
Accidental Soldiers
(London 1981) p. 22.

136
C. H. Gaskell Papers, Department of Documents, Imperial War Museum.

137
Graham H. Greenwell
An Infant in Arms
(London 1972).

138
N. Whitehead Papers, Liddle Archive, Brotherton Library, University of Leeds.

139
Julian Tyndale-Biscoe
Gunner Subaltern
(London 1971) pp. 3–4.

140
Tyndale-Biscoe
Gunner Subaltern
pp. 5, 11.

141
John H. F. Mackie (ed.)
Answering the Call: Letters from the Somerset Light Infantry 1914–19
(Eggleston, County Durham, 2002) p. 17. This is a wonderful account of one family's service to the county regiment.

142
Harold Macmillan
The Winds of Change
(London 1966) I pp. 62–3.

143
Bernard Martin
Poor Bloody Infantry
p. 7. The 64th had been amalgamated with the 98th to form the North Staffordshire Regiment in 1881, but old habits died hard.

144
Stand To
(no. 5, Jan. 1998) p. 48.

145
Quoted in Tonie and Valmai Holt
Poets of the Great War
(London 1999) p. 128.

146
Martin Middlebrook
Your Country Needs You
(Barnsley 2000) p. 73.

147
Quoted in Simkins
Kitchener's Army
p. 92.

148
Anthony French
Gone For a Soldier
(Kineton 1972) p. 21.

149
R. B. Talbot Kelly
Subaltern's Odyssey
(London 1980) p. 50.

150
I. G. Andrew Papers, Liddle Archive, Brotherton Library, University of Leeds.

151
Jack Horsfall and Nigel Cave
Somme: Serre
(London 1996) p. 54.

152
Winter
Great War
p. 35.

153
Quoted in Simkins
New Armies
p. 96.

154
Clive Hughes ‘The Welsh Army Corps 1914–15' in
Imperial War Museum Review
(no. 1, 1986).

155
Llewelyn Wyn Griffith
Up to Mametz
(London 1931) pp. 210–11.

156
Griffith
Mametz
p. 225.

157
The best short history of this division is in Ray Westlake
Kitchener's Army
(Staplehurst, Kent, 1998) pp. 148–54.

158
Quoted in Terence Denman
Ireland's Unknown Soldiers
(Blackrock, Co. Dublin, 1992) p. 26.

159
F. P. Crozier
A Brass Hat in No Man's Land
(London 1930) p. 24.

160
Tom Johnstone
Orange Green and Khaki
(Dublin 1992) p. 256.

161
Quoted in Johnstone
Orange
p. 278.

162
Quoted in Johnstone
Orange
pp. 290–1.

163
Percy Croney
Soldier's Luck
(Devon 1965) pp. 10–11.

164
G. and S. Rain Papers, Liddle Archive, Brotherton Library, University of Leeds.

165
Harry Ogle
The Fateful Battle Line
(London 1993) p. 10.

166
De Boltz Papers, Liddle Archive, Brotherton Library, University of Leeds.

167
Pamela McCleary (ed.)
Dear Amy
unpublished typescript of the letters of Alan ('Bill') Sugden RFA p. 4.

168
McCleary (ed.)
Dear Amy
pp. 5–6.

169
McCleary (ed.)
Dear Amy
p. 11.

170
McCleary (ed.)
Dear Amy
p. 16.

171
McCleary (ed.)
Dear Amy
p. 25.

172
McCleary (ed.)
Dear Amy
p. 28.

173
McCleary (ed.)
Dear Amy
p. 171.

174
Baynes and Maclean
Two Captains
pp. 68-9.

175
Priestley
Margin Released
p. 81.

176
Priestley
Margin Released
p. 90.

177
Priestley
Margin Released
p. 93.

178
Types of Horses Suitable for Army Remounts
(Board of Trade, London 1909).

179
B. E. Todhunter Papers, Liddle Archive, Brotherton Library, University of Leeds.

180
Pamela Horn
Rural Life in England in the First World War
(New York 1984) p. 89.

181
John Pollock
Kitchener
(London 1998) p. 405.

182
J. A. C. Pennycuik Papers, private collection.

183
H. B. Owens Papers, Department of Documents, Imperial War Museum.

184
Tom Bridges
Alarms and Excursions
(London 1938) p. 15.

185
Happily, Lieutenant Maudslay, who had returned from Argentina in 1914 to join up, was captured. See the Edith F. Maudslay Papers in the Liddle Collection, Brotheron Library, University of Leeds.

186
Duff Hart-Davis (ed.)
End of an Era: Letters and Journals of Sir Alan Lascelles, from 1887 to 1920
(London 1986) p. 210.

187
Jonathan Home (ed.)
The Best of Good Fellows: The Diaries and Memoirs of the Reverend Charles Edmund Doudeney
(London 1995) pp. 113, 115.

188
Sidney Rogerson
Twelve Days
(London 1933) p. 141.

Brain and Nerves

1
Gerald Achilles Burgoyne
The Burgoyne Diaries
(London 1985) p. 51.

2
Burgoyne
Diaries
pp. 217–18.

3
Lancelot Dykes Spicer
Letters from France
(London 1979) p. 5.

4
Lord Stanhope Papers, Department of Documents, Imperial War Museum.

5
Frank Crozier
The Men I Killed
(London 1937). It is instructive to compare its tone with the same author's rather more positive
A Brass Hat in No Man's Land,
published in 1930. Crozier is not always a reliable witness, nor did his literary approach bring him many friends. My copy of
Brass Hat
has an alternative title scrawled in:
A Fat Arse in No Man's Land.

6
Eric Hiscock
The Bells of Hell go ting-a-ling-a-ling
(London 1976) pp. 81–2. The Haig quote is wrong both in substance and in date.

7
Frank Hawkings
From Ypres to Cambrai
(London 1974) p. 49.

8
Roe
Accidental Soldier
p. 181.

9
Ernst Parker
Into Battle 1914–18
(London 1994) p. 35.

10
Martin
Poor Bloody Infantry
pp. 95–6.

11
John Bickersteth (ed.)
The Bickersteth Diaries
(London 1995) p. 274.

12
Jack
Diary
p. 250.

13
H. E. L. Mellersh
Schoolboy into War
(London 1978) p. 16.

14
Order of battle in
Statistics
pp. 13–15.

15
These orders of battle are from the 1916 edition of the 1914
Field Service Pocket Book (HMSO
1916). Variations in unit establishment (crucial documents, for they provided entitlement to promotion, rank and pay) were issued by the Staff Duties (2) branch at the War Office and promulgated through GHQ in France.

16
In another version we have ‘the old Dun Cow' catching fire, more probably a reference to an alehouse conflagration than arson in the byre, and a further version becomes more colourful still.

17
Sir James Edmonds
History of the Great War: Military Operations, France and Belgium 1915
(2 vols, London 1992) II pp. 283–4.

18
Dunn
The War
p. 440.

19
Frank Hawkings
From Ypres to Cambrai
(London 1974) p. 83.

20
Richards
Old Soldiers
p. 88.

21
Gordon
Unreturning Army
p. 52.

22
Paddy Griffith (ed.)
British Fighting Methods in the Great War
(London 1996) p. 6.

23
Ian Hay (pseud. Ian Hay Beith)
The First Hundred Thousand
(Edinburgh 1916) p. 68.

24
Robert Graves
Goodbye to All That
(London 1969) p. 131.

25
Graves
Goodbye
p. 138.

26
Robert Graves
But it Still Goes On
(London 1930) pp. 24–5.

27
Ernest Parker
Into Battle
(London 1994) p. 13.

28
Moynihan
Armageddon
p. 127.

29
Denis Winter
Haig's Command
(London 1992) p. 144.

30
G. D. Sheffield ‘The Australians at Pozières: Command and Control on the Somme, 1916' in David French and Brian Holden Reid
The British General Staff: Reform Innovations c. 1890–1939
(London 2002).

31
Peter Simkins ‘Co-Stars or Supporting Cast? British Divisions in the “Hundred Days", 1918' in Griffith
British Fighting Methods
p. 57.

32
Griffith
British Fighting Methods
p. 59.

33
See John Lee ‘The SHLM Project: Assessing the performance of British Divisions' in Griffith
British Fighting Methods.
In the Second World War the same patch was believed to stand for Highway Decorators.

34
Graves
Goodbye
p. 152.

35
Edmonds
Military Operations 1914
I pp. 7–8.

36
Paddy Griffith
Battle Tactics of the Western Front
(London 1994) pp. 152–3.

37
Feilding
War Letters
pp. 15–17.

38
‘Revised Army Form B 213 (G[eneral] R[outine] 0[rder] 1175)' in SS 309
Extracts from General Routine Orders Part I Adjutant General's Department,
1 January 1917.

39
‘Nominal Rolls, Returns etc (GRO 147)' in
SS 309.

40
Nicholson
Behind the Lines
pp. 215–16.

41
Nicholson
Behind the Lines
p. 166.

42
Quoted in Prior and Wilson
Command
p. 269.

43
Quoted in Prior and Wilson
Command
p. 272.

44
Shelford Bidwell and Dominick Graham
Fire Power
(London 1982) p. 100.

45
The chief of the general staff began as head of the General Staff Branch and as such first among equals in a headquarters. By 1916, however, the organisational table in the
Field Service Pocket Book
shows him as separate and superior.

46
Edward Spears
Liaison 1914
(London 1999) p. 72.

47
Stanhope Papers, Department of Documents, Imperial War Museum.

48
See the entry in J. M. Bourne
Who's Who in World War One
(London 2001) pp. 167–8. The quote from Haig's dispatch is in Haig
Despatches
p. 350. But we should not read too much into the latter: from personal correspondence after the war it is evident that Haig and Lawrence were chalk and cheese.

49
Statistics
p. 65.

50
Ian Malcolm Brown
British Logistics on the Western Front 1914–1918
(London 1998) p. 238.

51
Reginald Tompson Diary, private collection.

52
Hutton Papers, Department of Documents, Imperial War Museum.

53
Terraine
Haig
p. 170. In the event Churchill commanded a Royal Scots Fusilier battalion.

54
Quoted in Moyne
Staff Officer
p. 144.

55
Penney Papers, Department of Documents, Imperial War Museum.

56
Quoted in Peter Charlton
Australians on the Somme: Pozières 1916
(North Ryde 1986) p. 171.

57
Quoted in Simkins
New Armies
p. 216.

58
Simkins
New Armies
p. 217.