Washington: A Life (169 page)

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Authors: Ron Chernow

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43
Ibid.
44
PWR,
15:594-95. Letter from Major General Charles Lee, ca. June 30, 1778.
45
Ibid., 15:595-96. Letter to Major General Charles Lee, June 30, 1778.
46
Flexner,
George Washington,
2:312.
47
WWF,
13:334. Letter to John Augustine Washington, November 26, 1778.
48
Flexner,
George Washington,
2:314.
49
WWF,
13:384. Letter to President Joseph Reed, December 12, 1778.
50
Wiencek,
Imperfect God,
225.
51
Flexner,
George Washington,
2:327.
52
Gaines,
For Liberty and Glory,
117.
 
 
CHAPTER TWENTY-NINE: PESTS OF SOCIETY
1
Gaines,
For Liberty and Glory,
119.
2
PWR,
16:38. Letter from Vice Admiral d’Estaing, July 8, 1778.
3
WWR,
320. Letter to Thomas Nelson, August 20, 1778.
4
Freeman,
George Washington,
5:54.
5
PWR,
8:580. Letter to Major General John Sullivan, March 15, 1777.
6
Ibid., 17:111. Letter to John Augustine Washington, September 23, 1778.
7
Ibid., 16:464. Letter to Major General John Sullivan, September 1, 1778.
8
WWR,
321. Letter to Count d’Estaing, September 11, 1778.
9
Unger,
Lafayette,
86.
10
Flexner,
George Washington,
2:327.
11
WWF,
20:350. “General Orders,” November 15, 1780.
12
Ketchum,
Victory at Yorktown,
169.
13
WWR,
329. Letter to Henry Laurens, November 14, 1778.
14
Schiff,
Great Improvisation,
247.
15
WWR,
329. Letter to Henry Laurens, November 14, 1778.
16
Ibid., 330.
17
Ibid., 328.
18
Ibid.
19
Morgan,
Genius of George Washington,
15.
20
Flexner,
George Washington,
2:330.
21
PWR,
18:521.
22
WWF,
13:336. Letter to John Augustine Washington, November 26, 1778.
23
Schiff,
Great Improvisation,
195.
24
WWF,
13:383. Letter to President Joseph Reed, December 12, 1778.
25
Ibid., 13:348. Letter to President Joseph Reed, November 27, 1778.
26
Stahr,
John Jay,
109.
27
Chinard,
George Washington as the French Knew Him,
73.
28
Golway,
Washington’s General,
197.
29
Flexner,
George Washington,
2:336.
30
Palmer,
George Washington and Benedict Arnold,
291.
31
WWF,
13:385. Letter to President Joseph Reed, December 12, 1778.
32
Cadou,
George Washington Collection,
75.
33
Thompson, “‘As If I had Been a Very Great Somebody.’”
34
Golway,
Washington’s General,
196.
35
Callahan,
Henry Knox,
154.
36
WWF,
14:27. Letter to the Committee of Conference, January 20, 1779.
37
Wiencek,
Imperfect God,
223.
38
Ibid.
39
Stephenson,
Patriot Battles,
188.
40
Wiencek,
Imperfect God,
224.
41
WWR,
1102.
42
WWF,
20:341. Letter to Lieutenant Colonel John Laurens, November 12, 1780.
43
WWR,
338. Letter to Henry Laurens, March 20, 1779.
44
Wiencek,
Imperfect God,
232.
45
WWF,
24:421. Letter to Lieutenant Colonel John Laurens, July 10, 1782.
46
PWC,
10:330. Letter to Edward Montagu, April 5, 1775.
47
WWR,
335. Letter to Lund Washington, February 24, 1779.
 
 
CHAPTER THIRTY: THE STORM THICKENS
1
Flexner,
George Washington,
1:323.
2
WWR,
540. Letter to James Duane, September 7, 1783.
3
PWR,
18:166. Letter to Brigadier General Edward Hand, November 16, 1778.
4
. Grant,
John Adams,
163.
5
. Cadou,
George Washington Collection,
75.
6
.
WWF,
14:199. Letter to Major General Horatio Gates, March 6, 1779.
7
. Ibid., 14:484. Letter to the President of Congress, May 3, 1779.
8
.
WWR,
350. “Speech to the Delaware Chiefs,” May 12, 1779.
9
. Ibid.
10
. Ibid, 351.
11
. Fields,
“Worthy Partner,”
182.
12
.
WWF,
15:189. Letter to Major General John Sullivan, May 31, 1779.
13
.
WWR,
365. Letter to the Marquis de Lafayette, September 30, 1779.
14
. Ibid.
15
.
WWF,
17:465. Letter to Philip Schuyler, January 30, 1780.
16
. Lengel,
General George Washington,
307.
17
. Grizzard,
George!,
341-42.
18
. Flexner,
George Washington,
2:229.
19
.
PWP,
10:74. “Memorandum on General Officers,” March 9, 1792.
20
. Wood,
Empire of Liberty,
130.
21
. Grizzard,
George!,
344.
22
. Ketchum,
Victory at Yorktown,
47.
23
. Irving,
Life of George Washington,
413.
24
.
WWF,
15:447. Letter to the President of Congress, July 21, 1779.
25
.
WWR,
363. Letter to the Marquis de Lafayette, September 30, 1779.
26
. Ibid., 374. Letter to Joseph Reed, May 28, 1780.
27
. Unger,
Lafayette,
104.
28
. Cadou,
George Washington Collection,
75.
29
. Chinard,
George Washington as the French Knew Him,
75.
30
Ibid., 74.
31
Ibid., 75.
32
. Ibid.
33
.
WWR,
362-63. Letter to the Marquis de Lafayette, September 30, 1779.
34
. Chinard,
George Washington as the French Knew Him,
75.
35
. Ibid.
36
. Cadou,
George Washington Collection,
76.
37
. Chinard,
George Washington as the French Knew Him,
77.
38
.
WWR,
361-63. Letter to the Marquis de Lafayette, September 30, 1779.
39
Ibid., 361.
40
. Ibid., 366.
41
. Ibid.
42
. Ibid.
43
.
WWF,
16:274. Letter to Count d’Estaing, September 13, 1779.
44
. Ibid., 17:91. Letter to John Parke Custis, November 10, 1779.
45
. Ketchum,
Victory at Yorktown,
172.
46
.
WWF,
17:423. Letter to Major General Nathanael Greene, January 22, 1780.
47
. Stahr,
John Jay,
105.
48
.
WWF,
13:21. Letter to Gouverneur Morris, October 4, 1778.
49
. Ibid., 14:432. Letter to Burwell Bassett, April 22, 1779.
50
. Flexner,
George Washington,
2:359.
51
.
WWF,
17:315. Letter to Philip Schuyler, December 25, 1779.
52
. Ibid., 17:293. Letter to Governor William Livingston, December 21, 1779.
53
. Ibid., 17:272. Letter to John Jay, December 15, 1779.
54
. Golway,
Washington’s General,
212.
55
.
WWF,
17:460. “General Orders,” January 28, 1780.
56
. Ketchum,
Victory at Yorktown,
8.
57
. Chernow,
Alexander Hamilton,
127.
58
. Freeman,
George Washington,
5:144.
59
Ibid., 5:156.
60
. Grant,
John Adams,
228.
61
. Thompson,
Memorandum for the Martha Washington
Anniversary Committee,
7.
62
.
WWF,
18:453. Letter to Joseph Jones, May 31, 1780.
63
Ibid.
64
. Ibid., 18:436. Letter to President Joseph Reed, May 28, 1780.
65
. Flexner,
George Washington,
2:356.
66
Ibid., 2:357.
67
Ibid.
68
. Brady,
Martha Washington,
134.
69
. Flexner,
George Washington,
2:357.
70
. Ibid.
71
.
WWR,
380. Letter to John Augustine Washington, July 6, 1780.
 
 
CHAPTER THIRTY-ONE: THE TRAITOR
1
. Grizzard,
George!,
201.
2
.
WWF,
18:164. “Council of War,” March 27, 1780.
3
Diaries,
6:130-31.
4
.
WWF,
18:509. Letter to Governor Jonathan Trumbull, Sr., June 11, 1780.
5
Unger,
Lafayette,
111.
6
. Unger,
Unexpected George Washington,
133.
7
.
WWF,
19:36. Letter to the President of Congress, June 20, 1780.
8
. Ibid., 19:131. Letter to Fielding Lewis, July 6, 1780.
9
. Ibid., 19:481-82. Letter to Samuel Washington, August 31, 1780.
10
. Flexner,
George Washington,
2:365.
11
. Gaines,
For Liberty and Glory,
138.
12
. Flexner,
George Washington,
2:366.
13
. Stahr,
John Jay,
110.
14
.
WWF,
14:385. Letter to John Jay, April 14, 1779.
15
. Hochschild,
Bury the Chains,
184.
16
. Ibid.
17
. Chernow,
Alexander Hamilton,
138.
18
.
WWF,
20:50. Letter to the President of Congress, September 15, 1780.
19
. Golway,
Washington’s General,
183.
20
. Ibid., 140.
21
Ibid., 182.
22
Ibid., 183.
23
. Callahan,
Henry Knox,
165.
24
.
WWF,
20:238. “Instructions to Major General Nathanael Greene,” October 22, 1780.
25
. Golway,
Washington’s General,
242.
26
.
WWF,
19:236. Letter to the Marquis de Lafayette, July 22, 1780.
27
. Ibid., 19:403. Letter to the President of Congress, August 20, 1780.
28
Ibid., 19:405.
29
. Ketchum,
Victory at Yorktown,
141.
30
. Chinard,
George Washington as the French Knew Him,
63.
31
. Flexner,
George Washington,
2:371.
32
. Ibid., 2:371-72.
33
. Palmer,
George Washington and Benedict Arnold,
354.
34
. Chinard,
George Washington as the French Knew Him,
40.
35
.
WWR,
390. Letter to John Cadwalader, October 5, 1780.
36
. Rosenfeld,
American Aurora,
397.
37
. Wetherell, “On the Trail of Benedict Arnold.”
38
. Palmer,
George Washington and Benedict Arnold,
212.
39
. Ibid., 249.
40
Ibid., 301.
41
Ibid., 321.
42
.
PWCF,
4:175.
43
. Ibid.
44
. Palmer,
George Washington and Benedict Arnold,
326.
45
. Flexner,
George Washington,
2:383.
46
. Cooper, “Out of the Spy’s Stocking and into the Wash,”
New York Times,
September 8, 2005.
47
. Palmer,
George Washington and Benedict Arnold,
361.
48
. Flexner,
George Washington,
2:384.
49
Ibid., 2:386.
50
. Ibid.
51
Ibid., 2:388.
52
. Ibid. 2:389.
53
. Ibid.
54
Ibid., 2:390.
55
. Chernow,
Alexander Hamilton,
142.
56
. Flexner,
George Washington,
2:388.
57
.
WWF,
20:95. “General Orders,” September 26, 1780.

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