We Gon' Be Alright: Notes on Race and Resegregation (23 page)

HANDS UP: ON FERGUSON

1.   
   1.
   Michael Brown Sr., “Read Michael Brown Sr.’s Emotional Father’s Day Letter,”
   Esquire.com
   , June 21, 2015,
   http://www.esquire.com/news-politics/a35864/read-michael-brown-srs-emotional-fathers-day-letter
   .
   

2.   
   2.
   Julia Lurie, “10 Hours in Ferguson: A Visual Timeline Of Michael Brown’s Death And Its Aftermath,”
   Mother Jones,
   August 27, 2014,
   http://www.motherjones.com/politics/2014/08/timeline-michael-brown-shooting-ferguson
   . Brittany Noble reported for KMOV; the video is viewable at
   https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K8Lsn8xVc5U
   .
   

3.   
   3.
   “The Lenco BearCat,”
   http://www.lencoarmor.com/law-enforcement
   , accessed October 6, 2015. Mark Schlueb, “Orlando Police Shopping for New Armored Vehicle,”
   Orlando Sentinel
   , September 5, 2014,
   http://www.orlandosentinel.com/news/breaking-news/os-orlando-police-armored-car-20140905-story.html
   .
   

4.   
   4.
   Mark Follman, “Michael Brown’s Mom Laid Flowers Where He Was Shot—and Police Crushed Them,”
   Mother Jones
   , August 27, 2014,
   http://www.motherjones.com/politics/2014/08/ferguson-st-louis-police-tactics-dogs-michael-brown
   .
   

   See also: Julia Lurie, “10 Hours in Ferguson: A Visual Timeline of Michael Brown’s Death and Its Aftermath,”
   Mother Jones,
   August 27, 2014,
   http://www.motherjones.com/politics/2014/08/timeline-michael-brown-shooting-ferguson
   .
   

5.   
   5.
   Ruth Gilmore,
   Golden Gulag: Prisons, Surplus, Crisis, and Opposition in Globalizing California
   (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2007): 28. “Racism, specifically, is the state-sanctioned or extralegal production and exploitation of group-differentiated vulnerability to premature death.”
   

6.   
   6.
   Thomas Harvey, John McAnnar, Michael-John Voss, Megan Conn, Sean Janda, and Sophia Keskey, “Arch City Defenders Municipal Courts White Paper” (Self-published, 2014): 31–32.
   

7.   
   7.
   Radley Balko, “How municipalities In St. Louis County, Mo., profit from poverty,”
   Washington Post,
   September 3, 2014,
   https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-watch/wp/2014/09/03/how-st-louis-county-missouri-profits-from-poverty
   .
   

8.   
   8.
   United States Department of Justice, Civil Rights Division, “Investigation of the Ferguson Police Department” (March 4, 2015): 4.
   

9.   
   9.
   Ibid., p. 2.
   

10. 10.
    Ibid., pp. 2–3.
    

11. 11.
    Michael Daly, “The Day Ferguson Cops Were Caught in a Bloody Lie,”
    Daily Beast,
    August 15, 2014,
    http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2014/08/15/the-day-ferguson-cops-were-caught-in-a-bloody-lie.html
    .
    

12. 12.
    Nicholas Pistor, “St. Louis prosecutor has faced controversy for decades,”
    St. Louis Post-Dispatch,
    August 14, 2014.
    

13. 13.
    Michael Petrilli, “The fastest-gentrifying neighborhoods in the United States,” The Thomas B. Fordham Institute, June 11, 2012,
    http://edexcellence.net/commentary/education-gadfly-daily/flypaper/2012/the-fastest-gentrifying-neighborhoods-in-the-united-states.html
    .
    

14. 14.
    LAPD officer Daryl Gates, later the police chief in charge during the 1992 Los Angeles riots, created SWAT teams in part because of his concern over the police’s inability to control Blacks during the 1965 Watts uprising. In December 1969, he debuted the SWAT team with a brutal raid on the Black Panther Party’s Los Angeles headquarters. For more on Gates, see
    Can’t Stop Won’t Stop
    . For more on the history of SWAT and the militarization of the police, read Radley Balko’s invaluable book,
    The Rise of the Warrior Cop
    (New York: Public Affairs, 2013).
    

15. 15.
    Wesley Lowery, “The QuikTrip gas station, Ferguson protestors’ staging ground, is now silent,”
    Washington Post,
    August 19, 2014,
    http://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/ferguson-protesters-staging-ground-the-quiktrip-gas-station-is-now-silent/2014/08/19/a8e4382e-27db-11e4-958c-268a320a60ce_story.html
    .
    

16. 16.
    “The Story Behind an Iconic Photo from Ferguson, Missouri,”
    Reliable Sources
    , August 24, 2014,
    http://reliablesources.blogs.cnn.com/2014/08/24/web-exclusive-story-behind-iconic-ferguson-photo
    .
    

17. 17.
    Diana Scholl, “Ferguson Q&A with Organizer Larry Fellows III,” ACLU, November 23, 2014,
    https://www.aclu.org/blog/speakeasy/ferguson-qa-organizer-larry-fellows-iii
    .
    

18. 18.
    Wesley Lowery,
    Ferguson: Three Minutes that Changed America
    (New York: Diversion Books, 2015): 45.
    

19. 19.
    “Cops Or Soldiers? Pentagon, DHS Helped Arm Police in Ferguson with Equipment Used in War,”
    Democracy Now!,
    August 15, 2014,
    http://www.democracynow.org/2014/8/15/cops_or_soldiers_pentagon_dhs_helped
    .
    

20. 20.
    Tef Poe, “Dear Mr. President,”
    Riverfront Times,
    December 1, 2015,
    http://blogs.riverfronttimes.com/rftmusic/2014/12/dear_mr_president_a_letter_from_tef_poe.php
    .
    

21. 21.
    Paul Hitlin and Nancy Vogt, “Cable, Twitter picked up Ferguson at a similar clip,” Pew Research Center, August 20, 2014,
    http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2014/08/20/cable-twitter-picked-up-ferguson-story-at-a-similar-clip
    .
    

22. 22.
    Randall Kennedy, “Lifting As We Climb,”
    Harper’s Magazine
    (October 2015): 26.
    

23. 23.
    Alicia Garza, “A Herstory of the #BlackLivesMatter Movement,”
    Feminist Wire,
    October 7, 2014,
    http://www.thefeministwire.com/2014/10/blacklivesmatter-2
    .
    

24. 24.
    Ibid.
    

25. 25.
    Nicholas Phillips, “Why Did This 21-Year-Old Woman Die in the Pagedale Jail?”
    Riverfront Times
    , July 2, 2015,
    http://www.riverfronttimes.com/newsblog/2015/07/02/why-did-this-21-year-old-woman-die-in-the-pagedale-jail
    .
    

26. 26.
    “Ferguson October: Youth Organizers Plan Weekend Of Resistance 2 Months After Death of Michael Brown,”
    Democracy Now!,
    October 7, 2014,
    http://www.democracynow.org/blog/2014/10/7/ferguson_october_youth_organizers_plan_weekend
    .
    

27. 27.
    They marched under the “Moral Monday” banner, a campaign begun by activists in North Carolina fighting for voting rights and racial justice.
    

28. 28.
    Koran Addo, “Negotiations, concessions led to end of Occupy SLU,”
    St. Louis Post-Dispatch
    , October 21, 2014,
    http://www.stltoday.com/news/local/education/negotiations-concessions-led-to-end-of-occupy-slu-protest/article_7dda5d3e-519b-5ae6-a481-301e1d2dab28.html
    .
    

29. 29.
    Elizabeth Vega said the song choice had been inspired by Rebel Diaz’s remixed version of the folk standard, which was popularized by Pete Seeger and became a civil rights movement standard.
    

30. 30.
    Nadine Bloch, “The Art of #BlackLivesMatter,”
    Waging Nonviolence,
    January 8, 2015,
    http://wagingnonviolence.org/feature/art-blacklivesmatter
    .
    

31. 31.
    Rebecca Rivas, “Protestors demonstrate with mass ‘die-in’ near Delmar and Skinker,”
    St. Louis American,
    November 16, 2014,
    http://www.stlamerican.com/news/local_news/article_49f76b80-6dcf-11e4-a569-2babf8ed158a.html
    .
    

32. 32.
    For the Sake of All: A report on the health and well-being of African Americans in St. Louis and why it matters for everyone
    (Washington University in St. Louis and St. Louis University, 2014): 29. Available at:
    https://forthesakeofall.files.wordpress.com/2014/05/for-the-sake-of-all-report.pdf
    .
    

33. 33.
    You can see these posted at Damon Davis’s website at
    http://heartacheandpaint.com
    and at
    http://wailingwallstl.tumblr.com
    .
    

34. 34.
    Nancy Stiles, “MoKaBe’s Slammed By CopTalk Message Board for Serving as ‘Safe Space’ for Protestors,”
    Riverfront Times,
    November 14, 2014,
    http://www.riverfronttimes.com/foodblog/2014/11/14/mokabes-slammed-by-coptalk-message-board-for-serving-as-safe-space-for-protesters
    .
    

35. 35.
    John Ziegler, UStream video, posted by “Rebelutionary_Z LIVE,” November 24, 2014,
    http://www.ustream.tv/recorded/55806850
    .
    

    Sara Vipond Brink, “Police Civil Misconduct in Ferguson & St. Louis Vol. 1,” Storify, November 24–25, 2014,
    https://storify.com/Vipondalicious/ferguson-police-civil-misconduct
    .
    

36. 36.
    Matt Pearce, “‘Ferguson October’ rally highlights divide among St. Louis activists,”
    Los Angeles Times,
    October 12, 2014,
    http://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-ferguson-october-debate-20141012-story.html
    .
    

    Chris McGreal, “St. Louis protests: Ferguson activists reject religious leaders’ platitudes,”
    Guardian,
    October 13, 2014,
    http://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2014/oct/13/st-louis-protests-religious-leaders-messages-anger-ferguson-activists
    .
    

37. 37.
    Reverend Osagyefo Sekou, “The clergy’s place is with the protesters in Ferguson,”
    Al-Jazeera America,
    November 23, 2014,
    http://america.aljazeera.com/opinions/2014/11/ferguson-protestmovementreligious.html
    .
    

38. 38.
    “The Heartbeat of Democracy—Ferguson,” YouTube video, 3:58, posted by “Shazza Razza,” November 26, 2014,
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uf-z9zbeRys
    .
    

39. 39.
    Arlene Eisen, “What If Michael Brown Had Been Armed?”
    Counterpunch.com
    , September 5, 2014,
    http://www.counterpunch.org/2014/09/05/what-if-michael-brown-had-been-armed/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=what-if-michael-brown-had-been-armed
    .
    

    Every 28 Hours: Operation Ghetto Storm
    , November 2014,
    http://www.operationghettostorm.org/uploads/1/9/1/1/19110795/new_all_14_11_04.pdf
    .
    

40. 40.
    “‘This Country Values Property over People’: Ferguson Activist Speaks Out as Protests Spread,”
    Democracy Now!
    , November 26, 2014,
    http://www.democracynow.org/2014/11/26/this_country_values_property_over_people
    .
    

41. 41.
    Chris Hedges, “Rise Of The New Black Radicals,”
    Truthdig.com
    , April 26, 2015,
    http://www.truthdig.com/report/print/rise_of_the_new_black_radicals_20150426
    

42. 42.
    Speri, ibid.
    

43. 43.
    Lowery,
    Ferguson,
    16.
    

44. 44.
    Ibid.
    

45. 45.
    Trymaine Lee, “Eyewitness to Michael Brown shooting recounts his friend’s death,”
    MSNBC.com
    , August 12, 2014,
    http://www.msnbc.com/msnbc/eyewitness-michael-brown-fatal-shooting-missouri
    .