When Bad Things Happen to Other People (37 page)

10. In Italian, for example,
Schadenfreude
is italicized and used rarely. See Primo Levi’s felicitous usage in 
I sommersi e I salvati
 (translated as 
The
 
Drowned and the Saved
, by Raymond Rosenthal), in the section entitled “
La
 
violenza inutile
” (“Useless Violence”). Stefano Albertini brought this passage to my attention.

11. Alasdair MacIntyre, 
Three Rival Versions of Moral Inquiry
 (South Bend: University of Notre Dame Press, 1990), p. 191.

12. Theodor Adorno, “On the Question: ‘What is German?’,” trans. Thomas Y. Levin, in 
New German Critique
 36 (1985): 121–131, 129.

13. Victor Farias, 
Heidegger and Nazism
, ed. Joseph Margolis and Tom Rockmore (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1989).

14. Anthony Kenny, 
Action, Emotion, and Will
 (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1963), p. 13.

15. See the brief children’s play 
Die Schadenfreude: ein Kleines Lustspiel
 
für Kinder mit Liederchen
 (Stuttgart: Reclam) by Christian Weisse (1726–1804). See also Leo Spitzer, “
Schadenfreude
,” in 
Essays in Historical
 
Semantics
 (New York: S.F. Vanni, 1948); and Lutz Röhrich, 
Der Witz: Figuren, Formen, Funktionen
 (Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 1977), pp. 140, 174, 184, 188, 215, 242, 268.

16. Klaus Scherer, Harold Wallbott, Angela Summerfield, eds., 
Experiencing Emotion: A Cross-Cultural Study
 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986), p. 4.

17. Batja Mesquita and Nico H. Frijda, “Cultural Variations in Emotions: A Review,” in 
Psychological Bulletin
 112 (1992): pp. 170–204. See also K.R. Scherer, H.G. Wallbott, D. Matsumoto, and T. Kudoh, “Emotional Experience in Cultural Context: A Comparison Between Europe, Japan, and the United States,” in 
Facets of the Emotions
, ed. K.R. Scherer (Hillsdale, N.J.: Erlbaum, 1988), pp. 5–30.

18. Herman Melville, “Billy Budd, Sailor,” in 
Billy Budd, Sailor & Other
 
Stories
 (New York: Penguin, 1983), p. 355.

19. Claudia Card, 
The Unnatural Lottery
: 
Character and Moral Luck
 (Philadelphia: Temple University Press), pp. 56–57. I follow Card closely in the next few paragraphs; her view of Kant and Schopenhauer is well founded and clearly staked out.

20. Immanuel Kant, 
Observations on the Feeling of the Beautiful and the
 
Sublime
, trans. John T. Goldthwait (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1960), p. 81. Hereafter,
OFBS.

21. Arthur Schopenhauer, “On Women,” in 
Parerga and Paralipomena
, trans. E.F.J. Payne, 2 vols. (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1974), vol. 1, p. 619.

22. Bryan Magee, 
The Philosophy of Schopenhauer
 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1983), pp. 322–325.

23. Susan Sontag, “Notes on ‘Camp’” (1964), in 
Against Interpretation
 (New York: Doubleday, 1990), pp. 275–292.

24. See Marjorie Garber, “Jew, Woman, Homosexual,” in 
Vested Interests
 (New York: Routledge, 1992), pp. 224–233.

25. 
The Unnatural Lottery
, p. 53.

25. John Rawls, 
A Theory of Justice
, Chapter Four, Sections 33–35. See also John Rawls, “Justice as Fairness: Political Not Metaphysical,” 
Philosophy and Public Affairs
 14 (Summer 1985): 308–322.

Conclusion

1. Michel Foucault, 
The Order of Things
 (New York: Pantheon, 1970), p. 298.

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