When Books Went to War (35 page)

[>]
“
the Jew, who is powerful”:
Ibid.

[>]
“literary rascality”:
Ibid.

[>]
Goebbels oversaw:
A. J. Ryder,
Twentieth-Century Germany: From Bismarck to Brandt
(New York: Columbia University Press, 1973), 357–58.

[>]
“
Jewish intellectualism”:
Birchall, “Nazi Book-Burning Fails to Stir Berlin.”

[>]
ninety-three additional:
Jan-Pieter Barbian,
The Politics of Literature in Nazi Germany: Books in the Media Dictatorship
, trans. Kate Sturge (New York: Bloomsbury Academic, 2013), 23–25.

[>]
one hundred massive volumes:
“100 Volumes Burned in Munich,”
New York Times
, May 11, 1933.

[>]
“
as you watch”:
“Bibliocaust,”
Time
, May 22, 1933.

[>]
“
really clean”:
Jonathan Rose, ed.,
The Holocaust and the Book: Destruction and Preservation
(Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 2001), 17.

[>]
among the authors:
Writers' War Board List of Banned Authors, Council Records.

[>]
“
History has taught”:
“Helen Keller Warns Germany's Students; Says Burning of Books Cannot Kill Ideas,”
New York Times
, May 10, 1933.

[>]
“
noblest books produced”:
“Nazis Pile Books for Bonfires Today,”
New York Times
, May 10, 1933.

[>]
“
had never yet destroyed”:
“H. G. Wells Scores Nazis as ‘Louts,'”
New York Times
, September 22, 1933.

[>]
Library of Burned:
“Paris Library for Banned Books Opens on First Anniversary of Nazi Bonfire,”
New York Times
, May 11, 1934.

[>]
chief glory:
Editorial, “Enlightenment,”
New York Times
, April 30, 1933.

[>]
“
such an exhibition”:
“Book-Burning Day,”
New York Times
, May 11, 1933.

[>]
“
bibliocaust”:
“Bibliocaust,”
Time
, May 22, 1933.

[>]
state-sanctioned reading:
Abraham Foxman, introduction to
Mein Kampf
, trans. Ralph Manheim (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1999), xxi.

[>]
The führer's involvement:
Steven Kasher, “The Art of Hitler,”
October
59 (Winter 1992), 52, 65.

[>]
“
everything concerning”:
“Nazis Pile Books for Bonfires,”
New York Times
.

[>]
vacancies ran:
Ryder,
Twentieth-Century Germany
, 364.

[>]
exploited radio:
Kasher, “The Art of Hitler.”

[>]
wielded enormous power:
Richard Lucas,
Axis Sally: The American Voice of Nazi Germany
(Philadelphia: Casemate, 2010), 46.

[>]
banned eighteen categories:
Christopher P. Loss, “Reading Between Enemy Lines: Armed Services Editions and World War II,”
Journal of Military History
67, no. 3 (July 2003), 817.

[>]
books to people:
Lucas,
Axis Sally
, 53.

[>]
violent anti-Jewish:
“Berlin Raids Reply to Death of Envoy,”
New York Times
, November 10, 1938.

[>]
By the following day:
Otto D. Tolischus, “Nazis Defend Wave of Terror,”
New York Times
, November 12, 1938; Lucas,
Axis Sally
, 53.

[>]
“
openly sanctioned”:
Tolischus, “Nazis Defend Wave of Terror.”

[>]
Newspapers were flooded:
“American Press Comment on Nazi Riots,”
New York Times
, November 12, 1938.

[>]
Germany hired:
Edmund Taylor,
The Strategy of Terror
(Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1940), 70, 45.

[>]
similarly destroying:
Lisa Sergio, “The Importance of Interpreting America,”
American Library Association Bulletin
35, no. 9 (October 1941), 486.

[>]
On June 17, 1940:
Guido Enderis, “Ceremony Is Brief,”
New York Times
, June 22, 1940.

[>]
After the armistice:
“Berlin to Receive the Armistice Car,”
New York Times
, June 22, 1940.

[>]
Once a nation:
Loss, “Reading Between Enemy Lines,” 818.

[>]
Libraries in occupied:
Flora B. Ludington, “Books and the Sword—Symbols of Our Time,”
American Library Association Bulletin
37, no. 5 (May 1943), 151.

[>]
H.
 
G
.
Wells's Library:
“Events Connected with the Burning of the Books,” 3, Council Records.

[>]
“
There are two”:
Raoul de Roussy de Sales,
The Making of Tomorrow
(New York: Reynal & Hitchcock, 1942), 1.

[>]
For eighteen hours:
Cabell Phillips, “War of the Air Waves,”
New York Times
, December 28, 1941.

[>]
American expatriates:
Lucas,
Axis Sally
, 58.

[>]
Germany's broadcasts:
Phillips, “War of the Air Waves.”

[>]
“
the destruction of”:
“National Defense and the Library,”
American Library Association Bulletin
35, no. 1 (January 1941), 5.

[>]
In the words ofone librarian: Emily Miller Danton, “Victory Begins at Home,”
American Library Association Bulletin
36, no. 9 (September 1941), 535.
Emily Miller Danton, “Victory Begins at Home,” American Library Association Bulletin 36, no. 9 (September 1941), 535.

[>]
“
arise victoriously”:
Alfred Kantorowicz, “The Burned Books Still Live,”
New York Times
, May 7, 1944.

 

2. $85 Worth of Clothes, but No Pajamas

 

[>]
“
In all phases”:
“Keep Your Men Informed,”
What the Soldier Thinks
, no. 7 (Washington, D.C.: U.S. War Department, 1944), 6–7 (quoting
Basic Field Manual 21–50
, p. 29).

[>]
Gallup poll:
Hadley Cantril, “Impact of the War on the Nation's Viewpoint,”
New York Times
, June 2, 1940.

[>]
“
The most powerful”:
“To Defend America,”
New York Times
, June 7, 1940.

[>]
“Two worlds”
: “Two Worlds,”
Life
, December 23, 1940, p. 14.

[>]
With an army:
John Alden Jamieson,
Books for the Army: The Army Library Service in the Second World War
(New York: Columbia University Press, 1950), 55.

[>]
President Roosevelt reminded:
Charles Hurd, “Need of Men Vital,”
New York Times
, August 3, 1940.

[>]
Under this legislation:
“The Draft: How It Works,”
Time
, September 23, 1940.

[>]
In New York:
“Only Two Are Arrested, Though 991,000 Register,”
New York Times
, October 17, 1940.

[>]
“
Land had to”:
Doris Kearns Goodwin,
No Ordinary Time: Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt; the Home Front in World War II
(New York: Simon & Schuster, 1994), 217.

[>]
The timing of:
Meyer Berger, “American Soldier—One Year After,”
New York Times
, November 23, 1941.

[>]
“
hell hole”:
Francis A. O'Brien,
Battling for Saipan
(New York: Ballantine, 2003), 9–11.

[>]
“
You'll haul coal”:
Marion Hargrove,
See Here, Private Hargrove
(New York: Pocket Books, 1942), 1, 3 (emphasis added).

[>]
a “field uniform”:
Frederick Simpich, “Around the Clock with Your Soldier Boy,”
National Geographic
, July 1941, pp. 3, 23.

[>]
mop handle:
Berger, “American Soldier.”

[>]
At Fort McClellan:
O'Brien,
Battling for Saipan
, 9–11.

[>]
“
troops carried wooden”:
Dwight D. Eisenhower,
Crusade in Europe
(New York: Doubleday, 1948), 7.

[>]
Up at 6:00 a.m.
: “Army Morale,”
Life
, December 23, 1940, p. 55.

[>]
men would crawl:
Alonzo G. Grace,
Educational Lessons from Wartime Training
(Washington, D.C.: American Council on Education, 1948), 16, 26–29.

[>]
“
You learned that”:
James J. Fahey,
Pacific War Diary
(New York: Zebra Books, 1963), 5.

[>]
most men preferred: What the Soldier Thinks: A Monthly Digest of War Department Studies on the Attitudes of American Troops
, vol. 1, no. 1 (Washington, D.C.: War Department, Morale Services Division, Army Service Forces, December 1943), 15; available at the website of the George C. Marshall Foundation,
http://staging.gibsondesign.com/marshall/library/publications_soldier_thinks.html
.

[>]
At Georgia's Fort Benning:
“Army Morale,” 55.

[>]
“
light and sinful”: The Soldier's Pocket-Book
(Philadelphia: Presbyterian Board of Publication, 1861), 2.

[>]
“
soldiers in the field”:
Homer B. Sprague, “Some Lessons of the War: An Old Soldier's Conclusions as to What It All Comes To,”
Advocate of Peace
77, no. 2 (February 1915), 41.

[>]
mélange of civilian:
Vice Adm. Albert Gleaves, “Books and Reading for the Navy, and What They Have Meant in the War,”
Bulletin of the American Library Association
13, no. 3 (July 1919), 156.

[>]
“
made life worth”:
Maj. Thomas Marshall Spaulding, “Shall We Forget the Soldier?,”
North American Review
214, no. 788 (July 1921), 34–35.

[>]
After World War I:
Jamieson,
Books for the Army
, 15.

[>]
“
a valuable means”:
Col. Edward L. Munson, “Libraries and Reading as an Aid to Morale,”
Bulletin of the American Library Association
13, no. 3 (July 1919), 135.

[>]
As the nation:
Letter from Edwin Ward to Julia Wright Merrill, January 6, 1942, Victory Book Campaign Records, Manuscripts and Archives Division, New York Public Library, Astor, Lenox, and Tilden Foundations (hereinafter VBC Records).

[>]
Raymond L. Trautman:
Jamieson,
Books for the Army
, 20–23.

[>]
wiped clean:
ALA Executive Board Meeting, October 6–8, 1941, document dated September 20, 1941; Memorandum for Colonel Watrous regarding the Report of Library Activities, VBC Records.

[>]
“
Books are available”:
Letter from Marie Loizeaux to Julius King dated August 30, 1941, VBC Records.

[>]
1941 annual meeting:
“Final Reports, Victory Book Campaign, 1942–1943,” VBC Records.

[>]
Overcome by the:
Memorandum of Meeting in Washington, D.C., held on October 9, 1941, VBC Records.

[>]
blueprint for the project:
“Final Reports, Victory Book Campaign.”

[>]
“#1 in the field”:
Memorandum, “USO for National Defense, Inc.,” VBC Records.

[>]
“Before opening”:
Martha Boaz,
Fervent and Full of Gifts: The Life of Althea Warren
(New York: Scarecrow Press, 1961), 45–46.

[>]
Warren later moved:
“Biographical Information” for Althea Hester Warren, VBC Records.

[>]
“
Most of us”:
Boaz,
Fervent and Full of Gifts
, 95–96, 109.

 

3. A Landslide of Books

 

[>]
“
The soldier”:
Danton, “Victory Begins at Home,” 535.

[>]
“
It is going”:
Boaz,
Fervent and Full of Gifts
, 97.

[>]
National Transitads:
Letter from Myron T. Harshaw, Vice President of National Transitads, Inc., to Marie Loizeaux, December 30, 1941, and Safeway Bulletin, January 6, 1942; “Final Reports, Victory Book Campaign.”

[>]
Donations from:
“Books Start to Pour In for Service Men; President and Mrs. Roosevelt Donate,”
New York Times
, January 10, 1942.

[>]
American troops began:
Charles G. Bolte,
The New Veteran
(New York: Reynal & Hitchcock, 1945), 28–29.

[>]
After being blessed:
“Books Start to Pour In.”

[>]
“
Carrying the books”:
“City Gives Books for Service Men,”
New York Times
, January 13, 1942.

[>]
American Women's Voluntary:
“Victory Book Campaign Program on the Steps of the New York Public Library,” Advisory Committee Meeting, January 27, 1942, Report on the Progress of the Victory Book Campaign, VBC Records.

[>]
Morley was a household name:
“Christopher Morley, Author, 66, Is Dead,”
New York Times
, March 29, 1957.

[>]
Morley's speech begins:
“Speech by Maurice Evans—The Gutenberg Address by Christopher Morley,” January 21, 1942, VBC Records.