Why Women Have Sex (46 page)
Read Why Women Have Sex Online
Authors: Cindy M. Meston,David M. Buss
4. T
HE
T
HRILL OF
C
ONQUEST
“The women always succeed”: Viewer comment from the Internet Movie Database: | |
When we think of competing: Lincoln, G. A. (1994). “Teeth, Horns, and Antlers: The Weapons of Sex,” in R. V. Short and E. Balaban, | |
“It’s that he’s an alpha”: Somaiya, R. (2009). “It’s the Economy, Girlfriend,” | |
In fact, male-male competition: Buss, D. M. (2003). | |
The premium men place: Buss, D. M. (1989). “Sex Differences in Human Mate Preferences: Evolutionary Hypotheses Testing in 37 Cultures,” | |
Harvard psychologist Nancy Etcoff: Etcoff, N. (1999). | |
“many women said that”: Allon, N., and Fishel, D. (1979). “Singles Bars,” in N. Allon (ed.), | |
Evolutionary psychologist Kristina Durante: Durante, K. M., Li, N. P., and Haselton, M. G. (2008). “Changes in Women’s Choice of Dress Across the Ovulatory Cycle: Naturalistic and Laboratory Task-Based Evidence,” | |
Another group of researchers: Haselton, M. G., Mortezair, M., et al. (2007). “Irrational Emotions or Emotional Wisdom? The Evolutionary Psychology of Emotions and Behavior,” in J. P. Forgas (ed.), | |
One study created a simulated: Durante, K. M., Li, N. P., and Haselton, M. G. (2008). “Changes in Women’s Choice of Dress,” | |
Women report more desire: Haselton, M. G., and Gangestad, S. W. (2006). “Conditional Expression of Women’s Desires and Men’s Mate Guarding Across the Ovulatory Cycle,” | |
They even judge other women: Fisher, M. (2004). “Female Intrasexual Competition Decreases Female Facial Attractiveness,” | |
It is the phase in which: Buss, D. M., and Shackelford, T. K. (2008). “Attractive Women Want It All: Good Genes, Economic Investment, Parenting Proclivities, and Emotional Commitment,” | |
“I’ve heard that she slept”: Buss, D. M., and Dedden, L. A. (1990). “Derogation of Competitors,” | |
“it was the girls themselves”: Campbell, A. (2002). | |
“The most risky confidences center”: Lees, S. (1993). | |
Being branded with derogatory: Campbell, A. (2002). | |
Such offers of immediate sex: Symons, D. (1979). | |
“calm and connection system”: Moberg, K. U. (2003). | |
She claims to have shared: “Pamela Des Barres: Her Latest Book Celebrates the Outrageous, Unsung Exploits of Her Fellow ‘Band-Aids,’ ” | |
The practice of mate poaching: The phrase “mate poaching” was first coined in Buss, D. M. (1994), | |
Evolutionary psychologist David Schmitt: Schmitt, D. P., et al. (2004). “Patterns and Universals of Mate Poaching Across 53 Nations: The Effects of Sex, Culture, and Personality on Romantically Attracting Another Person’s Partner,” | |
“Friends” frequently end up: Bleske, A. L., and Shackelford, T. K. (2001). “Poaching, Promiscuity, and Deceit: Combating Mating Rivalry in Same-Sex Friendships,” | |
A particularly insidious form: Buss, D. M. (2003). | |
This point became apparent: Buss, D. M. (2005). | |
Research has documented: Kenrick, D. T., Gutierres, S. E., and Goldberg, L. (1989). “Influence of Erotica on Ratings of Strangers and Mates,” | |
men who frequently view sexual pornography: Zillman, D., and Bryant, J. (1988). “Pornography’s Impact on Sexual Satisfaction,” | |
“Do not read beauty magazines”: Mary Schmich, “Wear Sunscreen,” |
5.G
REEN
-E
YED
D
ESIRE
“Jealousy is not a barometer”: Mead, M. (1935). | |
Other researchers have joined her: Bringle, R. G., and Buunk, B. (1986). “Examining the Causes and Consequences of Jealousy: Some Recent Findings and Issues,” in R. Gilmour and S. Duck (eds.), | |
At the other end of the spectrum, evolutionary psychologists: Symons, D. (1979). | |
In romantic relationships, threats can come from: Buss, D. M. (2003). | |
In general, the more insecure: Berscheid, E., and Fei, J. (1977). “Romantic Love and Sexual Jealousy,” in G. Clanton and L. D. Smith (eds.), | |
Compared to the other countries: Buunk, B., and Hupka, R. B. (1987). “Cross-cultural Differences in the Elicitation of Sexual Jealousy,” | |
Cross-cultural studies of jealousy: Hupka, R. B., and Ryan, J. M. (1990). “The Cultural Contribution to Jealousy: Cross-cultural Aggression in Sexual Jealousy Situations,” | |
The situations of two tribes: Hatfield, E., Rapson, R. L., and Marlet, L. D. (2007). “Passionate Love.” | |
They were obsessed with painful: Salovey, P., and Rodin, J. (1985). “The Heart of Jealousy,” | |
“One Christmas Eve”: Buss, D. M. (2000). | |
Some psychologists propose: Buss, D. M. (2003). | |
“Othello’s mistake was not”: Ekman, P. (2003). | |
It is far more common for men to abuse: Daly, M., and Wilson, M. (1988). | |
In fact, women report evoking jealousy: Buss, D. M. (2000). | |
In sharp contrast, when the woman: Ibid. | |
Studies from the Buss Evolutionary Psychology Lab: Buss, D. M., and Schmitt, D. P. (1993). “Sexual Strategies Theory: An Evolutionary Perspective on Human Mating,” | |
Mate guarding | |
“Wives are never happy”: Symons, D. (1979). | |
And in a study of eighty-nine cultures: Betzig, L. (1989). “Causes of Conjugal Dissolution,” | |
According to one study, most men’s motivations: Glass, S. P., and Wright, T. L. (1985). “Sex Differences in the Type of Extramarital Involvement and Marital Dissatisfaction,” | |
Studies from the Buss Lab on the motivations: Buss, D. M. (2000). |
6. A S
ENSE OF
D
UTY
“While the urge to eat”: As cited in Impett, E. A., and Peplau, L. (2003). “Sexual Compliance: Gender, Motivational, and Relationship Perspectives,” | |
One study found that college women: Cohen, L. L., and Shotland, R. L. (1996). “Timing of First Sexual Intercourse in a Relationship: Expectations, Experiences, and Perceptions of Others,” | |
This holds true for college students: Beck, J. G., Bozman, A. W., and Qualtrough, T. (1991). “The Experience of Sexual Desire: Psychological Correlates in a College Sample,” | |
middle-aged people: Pfeiffer, E., Verwoerdt, A., and Davis, G. (1972). “Sexual Behavior in Middle Life,” | |
eighty-and ninety-year-olds: Bretschneider, J. G., and McCoy, N. L. (1988). “Sexual Interest and Behavior in Healthy 80-to 102-Year-Olds,” | |
whether measured among married persons: Julien, D., Bouchard, C., et al. (1992). “Insiders’ Views of Marital Sex: A Dyadic Analysis,” | |
couples in the early stages: McCabe, M. P. (1987). “Desired and Experienced Levels of Premarital Affection and Sexual Intercourse During Dating,” | |
In a study of 1,410 American: Laumann, E. O., Gagnon, J. H., et al. (1994). | |
This fits well with: Symons, D. (1979). | |
Many studies find that women: Meston, C. M., Trapnell, P. D., and Gorzalka, B. B. (1996). “Ethnic and Gender Differences in Sexuality: Variations in Sexual Behavior Between Asian and Non-Asian University Students,” | |
Interestingly, when sexually compulsive men: Berlin, F. S., and Meinecke, C. F. (1981). “Treatment of Sex Offenders with Anti-Androgenic Medication: Conceptualization, Review of Treatment Modalities and Preliminary Findings,” | |
Women who lack sufficient testosterone: Leiblum, S. R., and Sachs, J. (2002). | |
Sandra Leiblum, a sex researcher: Ibid. | |
High levels of estrogen may: Leiblum, S. R., and Sachs, J. (2002). | |
Indeed, in traditional cultures: Sugiyama, L. (2005). “Physical Attractiveness in Adaptationist Perspective,” in D. M. Buss (ed.), | |
Oral contraceptives that have: Leiblum, S. R., and Sachs, J. (2002). | |
An estimated | |
Up to one-half: Rosen, R. C., Lane, R. M., and Menza, M. (1999). “Effects of SSRIs on Sexual Function: A Critical Review,” | |
Anti-anxiety medications, such as Valium: Leiblum, S. R., and Sachs, J. (2002). | |
Because overweight partners: LoPiccolo, J., and Friedman, J. M. (1988). “Broad-spectrum Treatment of Low Sexual Desire: Integration of Cognitive, Behavioral, and Systemic Therapy,” in S. R. Leiblum and R. C. Rosen (eds.), | |
“The wife’s dreams of romance”: Rubin, H. (1941). | |
Psychologist Lorraine Dennerstein: Dennerstein, L., Smith, A., Morse, C., et al. (1994). “Sexuality and the Menopause,” | |
Often, it goes both: LoPiccolo, J., and Friedman, J. M. (1988). “Broad-spectrum Treatment of Low Sexual Desire.” | |
These couples have such: Nichols, M. (1988). “Low Sexual Desire in Lesbian Couples,” in S. R. Leiblum and R. C. Rosen (eds.), | |
One study of married couples: Carlson, J. (1976). “The Sexual Role,” in F. I. Nye (ed.), | |
Researcher Lucia O’Sullivan: O’Sullivan, L. F., and Allgeier, E. R. (1998). “Feigning Sexual Desire: Consenting to Unwanted Sexual Activity in Heterosexual Dating Relationships,” | |
Agreeing to unwanted sex: Impett, E. A., and Peplau, L. (2003). “Sexual Compliance: Gender, Motivational, and Relationship Perspectives,” | |
Research has not directly addressed: Wieselquist, J., Rusbult, C. E., et al. (1999). “Commitment, Pro-Relationship Behavior, and Trust in Close Relationships,” | |
“Individual differences being what”: Rainer, J., and Rainer, J. (1959). | |
Caretakers—whether mothers, fathers, nannies: Daniluk, J.C. (1998). | |
In fact, one study found: O’Sullivan, L. F., and Allgeier, E. R. (1998). “Feigning Sexual Desire.” |