Women After All: Sex, Evolution, and the End of Male Supremacy (58 page)

strikes, 194–95

strip clubs, 227

structural violence, 176–78, 180, 248

Strum, Shirley, 108

Stumpf, Rebecca, 111

“Subjection of Women, The” (Mill), 190

Sudan, 254, 271

suffrage, 4, 12, 190–91, 236, 272, 305

suicide, 8, 20, 139, 209

Summers, Larry, 265, 277

Surbeck, Martin, 115

surrogacy, 298

Swaab, Dick, 228

Sweden, 289

“swing activities,” 158–59

Symons, Donald, 222–23, 224, 226

Syracuse University, 220

Syria, 147

Szykman, Micaela, 89

Tagalog language, 20

Taï Forest, 109, 111

Taliban, 257

tamarinds, 102

“tangled bank” hypothesis, 50–51, 64

Tanzania, 246, 248

tarantulas, 55

Tashay, 139–40

Taylor, Charles, 271

Taylor, Kate, 217–18

Tchambuli (people), 151

Teleki, Geza, 110

television, gender stereotypes and, 202–3

Tennessee, 261

terra-cotta army, 156

testes, 26

testicles, size of, 122–23

testis determining factor (TDF), 26

testosterone, 35–36, 63, 64, 213

monkey’s exposure before birth to, 29

in whiptail lizards, 63

testosterone poisoning, 26

Texas, 261, 283

Thailand, 166, 243–44

Thatcher, Margaret, 7, 211, 236–37

Through the Looking Glass
(Carroll), 52

Tibet, 126, 166

Tiger, Lionel, 298

tiger whiptails, 47, 48

Time
, 274

Title IX, 274

Tiwi (people), 161

Tlingit (people), 148–49

tools, 129

Toronto, 268–69

Tostan, 252, 253

tournament species, 82–83

Townsend, John, 220

Toynbee, Arnold, 162

Tracy, Jessica, 125

trance dancing, 135–37, 141

Transformative Stand-Alone Goal on Achieving Gender Equality, Women’s Rights and Women’s Empowerment, A
(UN Women), 237, 254

transsexuals, 32, 33–34, 36, 228

parents’ responses to, 33–34

treason, 176–77

Triangle Shirtwaist fire, 195

Trichomonas vaginalis
, 58–59

Trinidadian guppy, 79

Trivers, Robert, 72

Trojan War, 162–63, 170, 196

Troy, 98

Troy, N.Y., 189

TRUMPF, 288

Tullberg, Birgitta, 87

Turiel, Eliot, 202

Turkey, 147, 149

Turkish language, 20

Turner syndrome, 26

twins, 100–102

marmoset, 100–102

twin studies, 38–40

Uecker, Jeremy, 221

Uganda, 245

Uganda kob, 82–83

unemployment, 193, 275–76

unions, 194–95

uniparens
, 47

United Arab Emirates, 251

United Nations (UN), 249–50, 256, 258

United States, 190, 212, 252, 262, 299

homicide rate in, 43

rapes in, 250

sexual slavery in, 258–61

unmarried mothers, 299

UN Women, 237–39, 254

upright walking, 121–22

urban life, 155

Uttar Pradesh, 249

vagina, 21, 24, 32, 58, 89, 221, 243, 245, 247, 250–51

Vagina Monologues, The
(Ensler), 250

Valentine’s Day, 250

Van Loo, Katie, 265

variation, 57–58, 64, 76

value of, 51–52

vasopressin, 92, 94

V-Day movement, 250–51

Viagra, 64

Victoria, Queen of England, 178

Vietnam, 179

Vikings, 170, 237

Vindication of the Rights of Woman, A
(Wollstonecraft), 189

violence, 7, 8, 12, 14, 42–43, 45, 65, 70, 86, 99, 159–61, 176, 211–12, 229, 230, 232, 237, 238, 296

in chimps, 109–10

domestic, 65, 239, 248, 278

exporting of, 176

in hunter-gatherers, 145

intergroup, 161

organized, 159–60

as overwhelmingly male, 42

sexual, 179–80

structural, 248

vs. predation, 212

of women, 43

see also
aggression

Viravaidya, Mechai, 244

virtue, 199–200

feminization of, 199–200

viruses, 53, 246

Vohs, Kathleen, 223, 226

voles, 92–93, 123

voting rights, 173–74, 190–91, 231

see also
suffrage

wage labor, 192, 193–94

“walking marriages,” 154

Walsh, Eileen, 154

Walter, Susan, 148

Walum, Hasse, 94

Warren, Elizabeth, 235

wars, warfare, 4, 7, 15, 145–46, 160–63, 174, 175, 176, 179, 213–14, 278, 299

and rape, 169–72

sexual violence during, 179–80

Washington State, 261

water striders, 9–10

wealth differentials, 138

weaning, 132, 150

Weikart, Lynne, 283–84

Weil, Anne, 97

Weil, Simone, 163

Welke, Klaas, 55

West Africa, 147

West Point, 274

“What’s a Mother to Do?,” 142

“What Works?” Working Group, 241

whiptail lizards, 47, 48, 59, 62–64, 66, 300

testosterone in, 63

Whiting, John and Beatrice, 204

Whitten, Patricia, 108

WHO (World Health Organization), 248, 251

Whyte, Martin King, 175

Wiessner, Polly, 138, 154–55

wife beating (and abuse), 239, 248, 254, 256

Wilde, Oscar, 208

Willard, Emma Hart, 189

WIN (Women In Numbers) List, 234–35

Wisdom of Whores, The
(Pisani), 244

witches, 176

witch hunts, 176, 177

Wobber, Victoria, 116

Wollstonecraft, Mary, 189

Woman, Culture, and Society
(Rosaldo & Lamphere), 141

Woman That Never Evolved, The
(Hrdy), 98

Woman the Gatherer
(Dahlberg et al.), 129–30

womb envy, 200

women, 66, 120

in armed forces, 274–75

childbirth deaths in, 241–43

civilizations and, 157

as dominate in primate studies, 107–8

drum dance of, 137

economic contributions of, 173–74

education of, 12, 234, 238–39, 242, 254

emotions of, 8

in hunter-gatherer societies, 132

hunting by, 153

in labor force, 275–76

as more logical, 6

sexual motivations of, 128–29

superiority of, 3–4, 5, 17, 207, 211

underestimation of, 13

violence of, 43

work of, 158

women, as CEOs, 232–34, 288, 289

of General Motors, 284–86

Women Like Meat
(Biesele), 135

Women on the Move, 255

“Women’s Empowerment,” 253

“Women’s Lives There, Here, Then, Now” (Low), 168–69

women’s rights, 231, 235, 272

women’s rights convention, 190

women’s suffrage, 190

see also
suffrage
and
voting rights

Woods, Vanessa, 116

workforce reduction, 288–89

World Bank, 241, 244

World War II, 195

sexual slavery in, 179

Wrangham, Richard, 105

Wyatt, David, 170

Wyndow, Paula, 280

X-chromosome deficiency, 209–10

X-chromosome deficiency syndrome, 8

X chromosomes, 25–27

Xerox, 233

Xu, Fujie, 225

Yahoo, 233

Yalow, Rosalyn, 208

Yanomami (people), 160

Yazidi, 258

Y chromosomes, 25–27, 65, 298

Yellen, Janet, 265

Yemen, 251, 254

Yerkes primate center, 93

#YesAllWomen, 296–97

Yonath, Ada, 208

Young, Larry, 92–93

Yunus, Muhammad, 255

Zagros Mountains, 146, 148, 149

Zahavi, Amotz, 78

Zeder, Melinda, 147–48

Zenger, Jack, 286, 287

Zerjal, Tatiana, 171

Zeus, 47–48

Zihlman, Adrienne, 112, 130

Zimbabwe, 245

Zulu (people), 168

Zurich, University of, 190

Also by Melvin Konner

The Evolution of Childhood: Relationships, Emotion, Mind

The Jewish Body: An Anatomical History of the Jewish People

Unsettled: An Anthropology of the Jews

The Tangled Wing: Biological Constraints on the Human Spirit

Medicine at the Crossroads

Childhood: A Multicultural View

Why the Reckless Survive and Other Secrets of Human Nature

The Paleolithic Prescription: A Program of Diet and Exercise and a Design for Living
(coauthored with S. Boyd Eaton and Marjorie Shostak)

Becoming a Doctor: A Journey of Initiation in Medical School

Being There: Learning to Live Cross-Culturally
(coedited with Sarah H. Davis)

About the Author

Melvin Konner is the Dobbs Professor of Anthropology and Behavioral Biology at Emory University. After attending Brooklyn College, he received his Ph.D. and, later, his M.D. from Harvard, where he taught before moving to Emory. For two years he lived with and studied the !Kung San hunter-gatherers of Botswana. Aside from his ten books (including
The Tangled Wing: Biological Constraints on the Human Spirit, Becoming a Doctor,
and
The Evolution of Childhood
), he has written for the
New York Times, Newsweek
,
Psychology Today,
and the
New York Review of Books,
as well as
Nature, Science,
the
New England Journal of Medicine, Child Development,
and other journals
.
He has held fellowships from the Guggenheim and Fulbright foundations and the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences. He has testified at U.S. Senate hearings on health reform and end-of-life issues; has given distinguished lectures on medical humanities at the Yale, Mayo Clinic, and Vanderbilt medical schools; and has lectured on evolutionary medicine, the evolution of childhood, and other topics at universities around the world. A fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, he has won the American Anthropological Association’s Anthropology in Media Award and is listed in
Who’s Who in America
as well as
Who’s Who in Hell.
He has four grown children—three daughters and a son—and was for a decade a single father. His website is www.melvinkonner.com.

Copyright © 2015 by Melvin Konner

All rights reserved

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