Women, Resistance and Revolution (44 page)

*Vietnamese Women
, Vietnamese Studies, Hanoi, 1966.

*WEEKS, Charlotte Bunch, ‘Asian Women in Revolt,’ in
Women: a Journal of Liberation
, summer 1970.

¹
Publication details are not generally included for works by Marx and Eagels because they are published, in full or in selection, in so many editions.

Notes

Chapter 1

  
1.
C. F. Adams (ed.),
Antinomianism in the Colony of Massachusetts Bay
, 1636–8, Boston, 1894, p. 329.

  
2.
E. E. Brockbank,
Richard Hubberthorne
, London, 1929, pp. 90–91.

  
3.
W. Butler Bowden (ed.),
The Book of Margery Kempe
, Everyman, London, 1954, pp. 15–16.

  
4.
Ivy Pinchbeck and Margaret Hewitt,
Children in English Society
, London, 1969, p. 200.

  
5.
Quoted in Louis B. Wright,
Middle-Class Culture in Elizabethan England
, University of North Carolina, p. 435.

  
6.
Quoted in Keith Thomas, ‘Women in the Civil War Sects’,
Past and Present
, no. 13, 1958, p. 48.

  
7.
ibid., p. 52.

  
8.
Quoted in Wright,
Middle-Class Culture in Elizabethan England
, p. 503. For an example of anti-feminist propaganda see
The Women’s Fegaries, c.
1675.

  
9.
Quoted in Ellen MacArthur, ‘Women Petitioners and the Long Parliament’,
E.H.R.
, vol. XXIV, 1909, p. 700.

10.
Alice Clark,
The Working Life of Women in the Seventeenth Century
, London, 1919, p. 271.

11.
Roger l’Estrange,
The Woman as good as the Man or the equality of both sexes
, 1677.

12.
Quoted in R. P. Utter and G. B. Needham,
Pamela’s Daughter
, London, p. 31.

13.
Mary Astell’s
A Serious Proposal
, quoted in M. S. Storr,
Mary Wollstonecraft el le mouvement feminist dans la littérature anglaise
, Paris, 1932, p. 26.

14.
Hannah Wooley, quoted in Storr,
Mary Wollstonecraft
, p. 22.

15.
Mary Astell, quoted ibid., p. 31.

16.
Sophia, quoted ibid., p. 43.

17.
Quoted in Christopher Hill, ‘Clarissa Harlowe and her Times’, in
Puritanism and Revolution
, London, 1962, p. 389. This section is
based on Christopher Hill’s essay and on the discussion of
Clarissa
in Arnold Kettle,
An Introduction to the English Novel
, London, 1962, pp. 69–76.

18.
W. Lyon Blease,
The Emancipation of English Women
, London, 1921, p. 50.

19.
‘The Jovial Cutlers’, quoted in E. P. Thompson, ‘Time, Work-Discipline and Industrial Capitalism’,
Past and Present
, no. 38, p. 73.

Chapter 2

  
1.
Léon Abensour,
La Femme et le Féminisme avant la Révolution
, Paris, 1928, p. 430.

  
2.
Mary Wollstonecraft,
Posthumous Works
, vol. 3, London, 1798, p. 30.

  
3.
Quoted in Storr,
Mary Wollstonecraft
, p. 158.

  
4.
Wollstonecraft,
Posthumous Works
, vol. 3, p. 65.

  
5.
ibid., p. 48.

  
6.
Mary Wollstonecraft,
Vindication of the Rights of Women
, London, 1792, p. 70.

  
7.
ibid., p. 135.

  
8.
ibid., p. 50.

  
9.
Wollstonecraft,
Posthumous Works
, p. 78.

10.
Wollstonecraft,
Vindication
, pp. 3–4.

11.
ibid., p. 33.

12.
ibid., pp. 51–2.

13.
ibid., p. 87.

14.
ibid., p. 40.

15.
Quoted in Storr,
Mary Wollstonecraft
, p. 153.

16.
Wollstonecraft,
Vindication
, pp. 155–6.

17.
ibid., p. 342.

18.
Quoted in Storr,
Mary Wollstonecraft
, p. 403.

19.
Quoted in H. N. Brailsford,
Shelley, Godwin and their Circle
, London, 1951, pp. 170–72.

20.
W. Blake, ‘Jerusalem’,
Complete Writings
, Oxford, 1966, p. 708.

21.
P. B. Shelley, ‘Notes on
Queen Mab
’, from
Shelley’s Poetical Works
, London, 1947, pp. 806–7.

22.
Quoted in Peter Fryer,
The Birth Controllers
, Corgi Books, London, 1967, p. 84.

23.
Richard K. Pankhurst,
William Thompson
, London, 1954, p. 52.

24.
ibid., p. 59.

25.
William Thompson,
Appeal of one half the Human Race, Women, against the pretentions of the other Half, Men, to retain them in Civil and Domestic Slavery
, London, 1825, p. 2.

26.
ibid., p. 151.

27.
ibid., p. 165.

28.
ibid.

29.
ibid., p. 85.

30.
ibid., p. 79.

31.
ibid., p. 189.

32.
ibid., p. 42.

33.
ibid., p. 196.

34.
C. Fourier, ‘Théories des Quatre Mouvements’,
Oeuvres Complètes
, Paris, 1841–5, p. 43.

35.
ibid., p. 222.

36.
Edith Thomas,
Les Femmes de 1848
, Paris, 1948, p. 47.

37.
Clair Demar,
Ma Lot d’Avenir
, and
L’Appel d’une femme au peuple sur l’affranchissement de la femme
, Paris, 1833, p. 74.

38.
Jeanne Deroin, ‘Cours de droit social pour les femmes’, 1848, p. 6.

39.
Flora Tristan,
L’Union Ouvrière
, quoted in Charles Neilson Gattey,
Gaugin’s Astonishing Grandmother
, London, 1970, p. 180.

40.
G. D. H. Cole, ‘Socialist Thought. The Forerunners’,
A History of Socialist Thought
, vol. I, London, 1953, p. 186.

41.
Gattey,
Gaugin’s Astonishing Grandmother
, p. 173.

42.
Thomas,
Les Femmes de 1848
, p. 29.

43.
Margaret Fuller,
Woman in the Nineteenth Century
, quoted in Perry Miller,
Margaret Fuller, American Romantic
, New York, 1963, p. 188.

44.
ibid., p. 148.

45.
ibid., p. 149.

46.
ibid., p. 143.

47.
ibid., p. 146.

Chapter 3

  
1.
K. Marx,
Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts
; T. B. Bottomore (ed.),
Karl Marx – Early Writings
, London, p. 154.

  
2.
F. Engels,
Principles of Communism
, quoted in H. Kent Geiger,
The Family in Soviet Russia
, Cambridge, Mass., 1968, p. 21.

  
3.
K. Marx, F. Engels,
The Communist Manifesto
, in
Selected Works of Marx and Engels
, London and Moscow, 1968, p. 50.

  
4.
K. Marx, F. Engels,
The Holy Family
(1845), Moscow, 1956, p. 258.

  
5.
ibid., p. 232.

  
6.
F. Engels,
The Origin of the Family
, London, 1960, pp. 89–90.

  
7.
K. Marx, F. Engels,
The German Ideology
, Moscow, 1965, p. 42.

  
8.
ibid., p. 43.

  
9.
ibid., p. 41.

10.
Engels,
The Origin of the Family
, p. 1.

11.
ibid., p. 2. See ‘The Irrational in Politics’,
Solidarity
pamphlet, no. 33, June 1970, pp. 10–18, for a general discussion of
The Origin of the Family.

12.
P. J. Richardson,
The Rights of Women
, quoted in Dorothy Thompson,
The Early Chartists
, London, 1971, pp. 122–3.

13.
F. Engels,
The Condition of the Working Class
, in
Marx and Engels on Britain
, Moscow, 1962, pp. 178–9.

14.
K. Marx,
Capital
, translated from the third German edition by Samuel Moore and Edward Aveling, vol. I, ed. Dona Torr, London, 1957, p. 495.

15.
ibid., p. 496.

16.
ibid., p. 496.

17.
Marx,
The Holy Family
, p. 31.

18.
Marx, ‘Peuchet on Suicide’, quoted in Hal Draper, ‘Marx and Engels on Women’s Liberation’,
International Socialism
, July/August 1970, p. 22.

19.
Engels,
Principles of Communism
(1847, p. 18), quoted in Geiger,
The Family in Soviet Russia
, p. 21.

20.
Engels,
The Origin of the Family
, pp. 89–90.

21.
The study of the specific position of women in advanced capitalism is coming out of the movement for liberation. Indirectly the analysis Marx has left us of the male worker in capitalist commodity production and his writing on precapitalist economic formations are as relevant as his writing directly on the position of women. See, for example:
Margaret Benston, ‘Political Economy of Women’s Liberation’,
Monthly Review
, vol. 21, 4 September 1969.
Linda Gordon, ‘Families’,
Bread and Roses, New England Free Press.
Kathy McAfee and Myrna Wood, ‘Bread and Roses’,
New England Free Press
and
Agit-Prop.
Juliet Mitchell,
Woman’s Estate
, Penguin, London, 1971.
Peggy Morton, ‘A Woman’s Work is Never Done. Notes on the Family under Capitalism’,
Leviathan
, May 1970.
Sue Sharpe, ‘The role of the nuclear family in the oppression of women’,
New Edinburgh Review
, no. 18, summer 1972.

Chapter 4

  
1.
A. Popp,
Autobiography of a Working Woman
, London, 1912, p. 93.

  
2.
A. Bebel,
Women in the Past, Present and Future
, London, 1885, p. 1.

  
3.
ibid., p. 72.

  
4.
ibid., p. 113.

  
5.
ibid., p. 1.

  
6.
ibid., p. 220.

  
7.
E. Marx and E. Aveling, ‘The Woman Question, A Socialist Point of View’,
Westminster Review
, 1885, vol. VI, no. 25, p. 211. Also published as a pamphlet, ‘The Woman Question’, London, 1886.

  
8.
ibid., p. 222.

  
9.
William Morris, ‘The Society of the Future’, quoted in E. P. Thompson,
William Morris, Romantic to Revolutionary
, London, 1955, p. 815.

10.
E. Carpenter,
Love’s Coming of Age
, p. 113.

11.
ibid., p. 61.

12.
ibid., p. 63.

13.
Edith A. Macduff to Edward Carpenter, 12 May 1894, Carpenter Collection, Sheffield.

14.
Louise Bryant,
Six Red Months in Russia
, London, 1919, p. 168.

15.
Edward Carpenter,
My Days and Dreams
, London, 1918, p. 229.

16.
ibid., p. 231.

17.
Olive Schreiner to Havelock Ellis, 23 March 1885, in S. C. Cronwright-Schreiner,
Letters of Olive Schreiner
, London, 1925, p. 65.

18.
Quoted in D. L. Hobman,
Olive Schreiner, Her Friends and Times
, London, 1955, p. 85.

19.
Cronwright-Schreiner,
Letters of Olive Schreiner
, p. 142.