World War II Behind Closed Doors (69 page)

76
Earl Ziemke,
Stalingrad to Berlin: The German Defeat in the East
, US Army Historical Series, Office of the Chief of Military History, Washington, DC 1987, p. 316.

77
BBC interview.

78
BBC interview.

79
Brian Glyn Williams,
A Homeland Lost. Migration, the Diaspora Experience and the Forging of Crimean Tatar National Identity
, PhD dissertation, University of Wisconsin, 1999, p. 56.

80
BBC interview.

81
Aleksandr Nekrich,
The Punished Peoples: The Deportation and Fate of the Soviet Minorities at the End of the Second World War
, Norton, 1979, pp. 113–4.

82
BBC interview.

83
Keith Sword,
Deportation and Exile: Poles in the Soviet Union 1939–1948
, Macmillan Press, 1994, p. 149.

84
Anders,
An Army in Exile
, p. 191.

CHAPTER FIVE: Dividing Europe

1
Norman Davies,
Rising '44
, Pan Books, 2004, p. 226.

2
Quoted in ibid., pp. 164–5.

3
Quoted in Jan Ciechanowski,
The Warsaw Rising of 1944
, Cambridge, 1974, p. 285.

4
BBC interview.

5
Quoted in
Documents on Polish-Soviet Relations 1939–1945
, Vol. 2,
1943–1945
, General Sikorski Historical Institute, p. 309, doc.179.

6
Quoted in ibid., pp. 309–22, doc.180.

7
Stalin's Correspondence with Churchill, Attlee, Roosevelt and Truman, 1941–1945
, E. P. Dutton, 1958, doc. 311.

8
BBC interview.

9
Neil Orpen,
Airlift to Warsaw. The Rising of 1944
, University of Oklahoma, 1984.

10
Quoted in
Documents on Polish–Soviet Relations 1939–1945
, p. 334, doc.189.

11
Davies,
Rising
, p. 321.

12
Winston S. Churchill,
The Second World War
, Vol. 4, p. 118.

13
R-606 in Kimball,
The Complete Correspondence
, Vol. 3, p. 296.

14
BBC interview.

15
Quoted in Davies,
Rising '44
, p. 249.

16
Trials of War Criminals Before the Nuremberg Military Tribunals
, US Government Printing Office, Washington, 1949–53, Vol. XIII, p. 323, and P. Padfield,
Himmler, Reichsfuehrer-SS
, Henry Holt and Co., 1990, p. 469.

17
BBC interview.

18
Translated from the Polish minutes of the meeting of Anders and Churchill on 26 August 1944, taken by Lieutenant Lubomirski and now held in the Polish Institute and Sikorski Museum, London, ref. KOA.4b.

19
Churchill to Eden, 7 January 1942, FO 371, 32864.

20
BBC interview.

21
Davies,
Rising '44
, p. 302.

22
Ibid., p. 348.

23
BBC interview.

24
General Curtis E. Lemay and MacKinlay Kantor,
Mission with LeMay: My Story
, Doubleday 1965, p. 565.

25
Henry Morgenthau Jr, ‘Our Policy Toward Germany’,
New York Post
, 28 November 1947, p. 18.

26
See Foreign Relations of the United States (FRUS): Quebec 1944, pp. 325–6.

27
Moran,
Winston Churchill, the Struggle for Survival
, entry for 13 September 1944.

28
FRUS, Quebec, p. 361.

29
The view expressed by John Dietrich in his
The Morgenthau Plan: Soviet Influence on American Postwar Policy
, New York, 2002, pp. 54–6.

30
Eden Memoirs
, p. 476.

31
FRUS, p. 362, Morgenthau's recollections.

32
Morgenthau Diary, vol. 783, pp. 35–9, Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, New York.

33
John Morton Blum (ed.),
Morgenthau Diaries 1941–1945
, Houghton Mifflin, 1967, p. 342.

34
Documents on Polish-Soviet Relations 1939–1945
, p. 339, doc.191.

35
Quoted in Moran,
Winston Churchill, the Struggle for Survival
, entry for 13 September 1944, and in FRUS, p. 325.

36
David Rees,
Harry Dexter White: A Study in Paradox
, 1974, University of Michigan, p. 270.

37
See Venona document at
www.nsa.gov/venona/document
, 18 October 1944.

38
Quoted in broadcast form in
D-Day to Berlin
, episode 3 at 8 minutes, Andrew Williams (producer), Laurence Rees (executive producer), transmission BBC1, 4 April 2005.

39
Quoted in Dallek,
Franklin D. Roosevelt
, p. 477.

40
Ibid.

41
Frederick Gareau, ‘Morgenthau's Plan for Industrial Disarmament in Germany’,
Western Political Quaterly
, Vol. 14, no. 2, June 1961, p. 520.

42
PRO PREM 3/434/2, pp. 4–5.

43
Meeting 21 May 1944, FO 371, 39402.

44
Stalin's order 31 October 1944 to the 6th air force army. Historia Sovetko-Polskix Ostnashenii Moskva 1944, p. 43.

45
PRO PREM 3/66/7 and Clark Kerr's record of the meeting PRO FO 800/30.

46
PRO PREM 3/434/2, pp. 10–14.

47
FRUS, The Conferences at Cairo and Tehran, 1943, p. 256 and p. 531.

48
PM to War Cabinet, 17 October 1944, CHAR 20/181 (CAC).

49
Geoffrey Roberts,
Stalin's Wars
, Yale, 2006, p. 220.

50
Russian minutes from the meeting with the London Poles, 13 October 1944, published in O. Rzheshevski,
Stalin and Churchill
, Moscow Navka 2004, pp. 444–8.
Translation of Polish transcript, ‘Documents on Polish-Soviet Relations’, Vol. III, London, pp. 405–15, Sikorski Institute.

51
Note on a conversation concerning the Curzon Line between M. Mikołajczyk and Mr Churchill, held in the presence of members of the Polish delegation; GSHI A.11.49/Sow/4-b. (Translation from Polish) ‘Documents on Polish-Soviet Relations 1939–1945’, Vol. II, 1939–1945, Sikorski Institute.

52
Ibid.

53
Quoted in Yohanan Cohen,
Small Nations in Times of Crisis and Confrontation
, State University of New York Press, 1989.

54
Quoted in Anders,
An Army in Exile
, p. 239.

55
Quoted in Dallek,
Franklin D. Roosevelt
, p. 503.

56
Kitchen,
British Policy towards the Soviet Union
, p. 237.

57
CAB 65–48, 157, 27 November 1944.

58
Quoted in Mary Soames,
Clementine Churchill
, Houghton Mifflin, 1979, p. 361.

59
Quoted in Krisztian Ungvary,
Battle for Budapest
, I. B. Tauris, 2006, p. 4.

60
BBC interview.

61
BBC interview.

62
Quote in Ungvary,
Battle for Budapest
, p. 286.

63
BBC interview.

64
BBC interview.

65
BFL XXV 4a 002645/1953 Budapest Capital Archive and Ungvary, p. 287.

66
BBC interview.

67
Milovan Djilas,
Conversations with Stalin
, Penguin, 1962, p. 76.

68
Quoted in Richard Overy,
Russia's War
, Allen Lane, 1998, p. 261.

69
Amy Night,
Beria, Stalin's First Lieutenant
, Princeton University Press, 1993, p. 97.

70
Interview in BBC
Reputations
on Lavrenti Beria, first transmitted BBC2 1994, Helen Bettison (producer), Laurence Rees (executive producer).

71
Crankshaw,
Khrushchev Remembers
, p. 338.

72
Quoted in Gregor Dallas,
Poisoned Peace 1945 – the War that Never Ended
, John Murray, 2005, p. 327.

73
Charles de Gaulle
, The Complete War Memoirs
, Richard Howard (translator), Carroll and Graf, 1998, p. 750.

74
Jean Laloy (unofficial Russian-French interpreter),
A Moscou: Entre Staline et De Gaulle, Decembre 1944', Revue des Etudes Slaves
, Paris, 1982, p. 147.

75
De Gaulle,
The Complete War Memoirs
, pp. 756–7.

76
Robin Edmonds,
Big Three
, Penguin, 1992, p. 409.

77
Moran,
Winston Churchill, the Struggle for Survival
, entry for 4 February 1945.

78
Cadogan Diaries
, entry for 8 February 1945, p. 706.

79
Quoted in Martin Gilbert,
Road to Victory: Winston S. Churchill 1941–1945
, Houghton Mifflin, 1984, p. 664.

80
Stalin's speech quoted in
On the Great Patriotic War of the Soviet Union
, Moscow, 1944.