A Savage War of Peace: Algeria 1954-1962 (116 page)

Colonel Godard’s Organogram

Following the death of Godard in Belgium, the original organogram, written in his own hand-writing during the Battle of Algiers in 1957, found its way to the Hoover Library in California, where it was discovered by the author in 1981. Many of the names such as Yacef Saadi appear prominently in the text. The wrong and inconsistent spellings are Godard’s.

Political and Military Abbreviations

A.L.N. Armée de Libération Nationale

A.M.L. Amis du Manifeste et de la Liberté

B.E.L. Bureau d’Études et de Liaisons

B.P.C. Bataillon de Parachutistes de Choc

C.C.E. Comité de Coordination et d’Exécution

C.N.R. Conseil National de la Résistance

C.N.R.A. Conseil National de la Révolution Algérienne

C.R.S. Compagnies Républicaines de Sécurité

C.R.U.A. Comité Révolutionnaire d’Unité et d’Action

D.O.P. Détachement Opérationnel de Protection

D.P.U. Dispositif de Protection Urbaine

D.S.T. Direction de la Surveillance du Territoire

F.A.F. Front de l’Algérie Française

F.L.N. Front de Libération Nationale

F.N.F. Front National Français

G.-G. Gouvernement-Général

G.P.R.A. Gouvernement Provisoire de la République Algérienne

G.R.E. Groupement de Renseignement et d’Exploitation

M.N.A. Mouvement Nationaliste Algérienne

M.P.C. Mouvement pour la Communauté

M.R.P. Mouvement Républicain Populaire

M.T.L.D. Mouvement pour le Triomphe des Libertés Démocratiques

O.A.S. Organisation Armée Secrète

O.P.A. Organisation Politico-Administrative

O.S. Organisation Spéciale

P.C.A. Parti Communiste Algérien

P.C.F. Parti Communiste Français

P.P.A. Parti du Peuple Algérien

P.S.U. Parti Socialiste Unifié

R.C.P. Régiment de Chasseurs Parachutistes

R.E.P. Régiment Étranger Parachutistes

R.P.C. Régiment Parachutiste Coloniale

R.P.F. Rassemblement du Peuple Français

S.A.S. Section Administrative Spécialisé

S.D.E.C.E. Service de Documentation Extérieure et de Contre-Espionage

S.F.I.O Section Française de l’Internationale Ouvrière

U.D.M.A. Union Démocratique pour le Manifeste Algérien

U.F.N.A. Union Française Nord-Africaine

U.G.T.A. Union Générale des Travailleurs Algériens

U.T. Unités Territoriales

Z.A.A. Zone Autonome d’Alger

Chronology

1830 France occupies Algiers

1847 Abd-el-Kader surrenders

1871 French loss of Alsace-Lorraine steps up colonisation of Algeria

1936 Blum—Viollette reforms for Algeria: not implemented

1940 Fall of France

1942 8 November: Allied landings in Algeria and Morocco

1945 8 May: V.E. Day: Algerian revolt in Sétif followed by severe reprisals

1954 7 May: Fall of Dien Bien Phu in Indo-China

18 June: Mendès-France comes to power

1 November: All Saints’ Day: the Algerian war begins

1955 25 January: Soustelle appointed governor-general

6 February: Mendès-France falls

18–24 April: F.L.N. attend Bandung Conference of “Third World”

20 August: F.L.N. massacre
pieds noirs
at Philippeville

1956 26 January: Mollet succeeds Faure as prime minister

2 February: Soustelle goes, replaced by Lacoste

18 May: Palestro Massacre of French conscripts

20 August: Soummam Conference established F.L.N. policy

30 September: Yacef’s girls bomb Milk-Bar and Cafétéria: Battle of Algiers begins

16 October: Interception of
Athos
loaded with arms from Egypt for F.L.N.

22 October: Ben Bella hijacked and imprisoned by French

5 November: Anglo-French landings at Suez

14 December: Salan appointed Commander-in-Chief in Algeria

1957 7 January: Massu’s paras take over Algiers

16 January: Bazooka attempt to kill Salan

28 January: General strike begins in Algiers — broken by paras

21 May: Mollet falls: France is 22 days with no government

31 May: Massacre of peasants by F.L.N. at Mélouza

2 July: J. F. Kennedy’s speech supporting Algerian independence

24 September: Yacef captured: Battle of Algiers won by Massu

5 November: Gaillard succeeds Bourgès-Maunoury as prime minister

26 December: Liquidation of Ramdane Abane

1958 7 January: Saharan oil begins to flow

8 February: French bomb Sakiet in Tunisia

15 April: Gaillard falls; France 37 days with no government

13 May: Algiers mob seizes government buildings and demands de Gaulle

1 June: de Gaulle becomes prime minister

4 June: de Gaulle makes triumphant visit to Algeria (“
Je vous ai compris
”)

19 September: G.P.R.A. (Provisional Government of the Algerian Revolution) formed

3 October: de Gaulle offers
paix des braves
to the rebels

12 December: Challe and Delouvrier replace Salan

21 December: de Gaulle is elected president of France

1959 22 July: Operation “Binoculars”; climax of Challe offensive

16 September: de Gaulle offers Algeria “self-determination”

1960 19 January: Massu sacked for attacking de Gaulle’s policy

24 January: “Barricades Week”; “ultras” shoot gendarmes

29 January: de Gaulle speaks, revolt collapses

23 April: Challe “promoted” away from Algeria

10 June: Si Salah makes abortive peace approach to de Gaulle

25–29 June: French peace talks with F.L.N. at Melun: failure

6 September: “Manifesto of the 121” inciting conscripts to desert

28–29 September: Ferhat Abbas goes to Moscow and Peking

23 November: Joxe and Morin replace Delouvrier

9–13 December: Muslim backlash as de Gaulle visits Algeria

20 December: United Nations recognises Algeria’s right to self-determination

1961 25 January: O.A.S. emerges: assassination of Maitre Popie

20–26 April: “Generals’ putsch” in Algiers: de Gaulle triumphs

25 April: France explodes atomic bomb at Reggane in Sahara

19 May: 19 O.A.S. explosions in Algiers

20 May–28 July: First peace talks at Evian: failure

19–23 July: Fighting between France and Tunisia at Bizerta

8 September: Assassination attempt on de Gaulle at Pont-sur-Seine

1962 7 February: Bomb intended for Malraux in Paris blinds girl of 4

February: O.A.S. kill 553 people

7–18 March: Second Evian peace talks: agreement signed

19 March: Cease-fire between French and F.L.N.

20 April: Salan captured

17 June: Truce between O.A.S. and F.L.N.: exodus of
pieds noirs

1 July: Referendum on independence

15 September: Ben Bella becomes president

1965 19 June: Boumedienne overthrows Ben Bella

1978 27 December: Death of Boumedienne; Bendjedid becomes president

1984 Signs of some liberalisation of one-party F.L.N. regime

1992 Government under Liamine Zeroual cancels second round of national elections. F.I.S. banned and civil war begins.

June: Mohamed Boudiaf assassinated

1994 Vast new oil deposits found in Algeria

1995 New national elections return Zeroual by landslide 61 per cent majority

Bibliography

Abbas, Ferhat, (1)
Guerre et Révolution d’Algérie
(Paris, 1962)

——, (2)
Autopsie d’une guerre; l’aurore
(Paris, 1980)

Abun-Nasr, J. M.,
A History of the Maghreb
(Cambridge, 1971)

Ageron, Charles-Robert, (1)
Les Algériens musulmans et la France
(1871–1919) (Paris, 1968)

——, (2)
Histoire de l’Algérie contemporaine
, 1830–1960 (Paris, 1970)

Ait Ahmed, Hocine,
La Guerre et l’après-guerre
(Paris, 1964)

Allais, Maurice,
L’Algérie d’Evian. Le réferendum et la Résistance algérienne
(Paris, 1962)

Alleg, Henri,
La Question
(Paris, 1958); tr.
The Question
(London, 1958)

Alleg, H., with Jacques de Bonis, Henri J. Douzon, Jean Freire, Pierre Haudiquet,
La Guerre d’Algérie
, 3 vols (Paris, 1981)

Amrani, Djamal,
Le Témoin
(Paris, 1960)

Amrouche, Fadhma,
Histoire de ma vie
(Paris, 1968)

Aron, Raymond, (1)
La Tragédie algérienne
(Paris, 1957)

——, (2)
L’Algérie et la République
(Paris, 1958)

Aron, Robert, et al.,
Les Origines de la guerre d’Algérie
(Paris, 1962)

Azedine, Commandant, (1),
On Nous Appelait Fellaghas
(Paris, 1976)

——, (2)
Et Alger ne brûla pas
(Paris, 1980)

Bacri, Roland,
Et alors? et voila!
(Paris, 1971)

Bauer, Hans E.,
Verkäufte Jahre
(Gütersloh, 1958)

Beaufre, André,
La Guerre révolutionnaire
(Paris, 1972)

Beauvoir, Simone de,
La Force des choses
(Paris, 1963)

Beauvoir, Simone de, and Halami, Gisèle,
Djamila Bupacha
(Paris, 1962); tr. (London, 1962)

Bedjaoui, Mohammed,
La Révolution algérienne et le droit
(Brussels, 1961); tr.
The Law and the Algerian Revolution
(Brussels, 1961)

Behr, Edward,
The Algerian Problem
(London, 1961)

Belloula, Tayeb,
Les Algériens en France
(Algiers, 1965)

Bencherif, Ahmed,
L’Aurore des mechtas
(Algiers, 1969)

Bennabi, Malek,
Mémoires d’un témoin du siècle
(Algiers, 1965)

Bidault, Georges,
D’une Résistance à l’autre
(Paris, 1965); tr.
Resistance: The political autobiography
(New York, 1967)

Bigeard, Marcel,
Contre guérilla
(Algiers, 1957)

Bollardière, Jacques de,
Bataille d’Algiers, bataille de l’homme
(Paris, 1972)

Boualem, Bachaga,
Les Harkis au service de la France
(Paris, 1963)

Brace, Richard and Joan, (1)
Ordeal in Algeria
(New York, 1960)

——, (2)
Algerian Voices
(Princeton, 1965)

Bromberger, Merry and Serge,
Les 13 Complots du 13 mai
(Paris, 1959)

Bromberger, Merry and Serge, Elgey, Georgette and Chauvel, Jean-François,
Barricades et colonels, 24 janvier 1960
(Paris, 1960)

Bromberger, Serge,
Les Rebelles algériens
(Paris, 1958)

Buchard, Robert,
Organisation Armée Secrète
(Paris, 1963)

Buis, Georges,
La Grotte
(Paris, 1961)

Buron, Robert,
Carnets politiques de la guerre d’Algérie
(Paris, 1965)