Adaptation to Climate Change: From Resilience to Transformation (41 page)

Note: Page numbers in
italics
are for tables and those in
bold
for figures.Abrahamson, V. 63

accelerated status quo
143

action
86
;

collective
84
,
91
;

see also
adaptive action

actors:

adaptive
20
–1;

and institutions,

relationship between
71
,
72

adaptation:

antecedents of
25
–
39
;

lexicon
20
–5;

limits to
15
–
18
;

thresholds
45
–7,
165
–6;

typology of
41
–2

adapted man
37
,
39

adaptive action
21
,
22
,
46
,
64
,
163
,
168
–9;

global
28
;

long- or short-term
15
,
28
;

scope of impact
41
–2;

sites of
172
–4;

temporal staging of
26
;

typologies of
15

adaptive actors
20
–1

adaptive agency
64
,
65

adaptive capacity
5
–
6
,
7
,
14
,
15
,
19
,
36
–7,
42
,
59
,
70
,
77
,
163
,
168
–9;

communication skills and
114
–16;

communities and
118
–19,
121
,
167
–8;

cybernetics and
27
;

defined
35
;

demography and
46
;

economic change and
46
;

equality in
49
;

exclusion and
122
;

flexibility and
40
,
58
;

institutional constraints
112
–16;

networks and
119
–20,
121
;

in organisations
63
,
64
,
107
–25;

qualities that promote
40
;

shadow systems and
64
,
73
,
107
,
116
–18,
123
,
124
;

social learning and
107
,
108
,
109
,
113
–14,
124
;

trust and
120
,
121
–2,
124
;

vulnerability and
11
,
21
–2

adaptive choices, evaluation of
47
–
50

adaptive ingenuity
60
,
62
,
65

adaptive management
26
,
30
–3,
40
,
44
,
56
,
108
,
116
,
122
,
124
,
168
,
169
;

barriers for implementation of
31
,
32
;

community-led approaches to
31
,
33
;

key challenges for
32
;

passive and active
30

Adger, W. N.
35
,
41

Africa:

adaptation costs
11
;

see also
Cameroon;

Egypt;

Morocco;

Senegal

agency
71
,
73
,
82
;

adaptive
64
,
65
;

of marginal actors
72

agent-centred institutional modification
66

agent-centred reflexive adaptation
65
,
66
,
173

agent-centred resource management
66
,
117
,
173

agriculture
14
,
16
,
34
,
70
;

see also
Grasshoppers farmers’ support group

Ahmad, T.
146

aid
88
,
96

Albala-Bertrand, J. M.
96
–7

Alemán Lacayo, A.
149
,
150

Alkire, S.
93

alternative school
27
–8

Amir, A.
145

anarchy
90

anthropology
25

anticipatory adaptation
15
,
30

Aquinas, Thomas
90

Argyris, C.
37

Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)
85

Atwell, R. C.
70

Australia
16
,
58
,
143

autonomous adaptation
15

aviation, emissions-trading
13

Awami League
145
,
146

backward looking adaptation
6
,
7
,
10
,
29

Bali Action Plan
9

Bangladesh
72
,
96
,
98
,
143
–7,
159
,
167
,
174

banking sector
11
;

see also
development banks

basic needs model
6
,
25
,
49
,
90
,
93
–4,
95
,
97
,
172

Bateson, G.
27
,
62

Beck, U.
88
–9,
97
,
164
,
171

behaviour
62
,
63

Bendaña, A.
149

benefits:

of adaptation
16
,
47
–8;

of climate change
14

Bentham, J.
48
,
90
,
91

Berkes, F.
61

Berkhaut, F.
74

Berube, A.
156

Bhola Cyclone
98
,
143
–7,
174

Bilgin, P.
93

biodiversity
43

Birkland, T. A.
157

Blumenthal, S.
154
–5

Bolaños, E.
150

Booth, K.
93

boundary organisations/individuals
60
,
67
,
124
–5

Brinkley, D.
156
,
157

Brookings Institution
155
,
156

Brown, M.
155
–6

Brundtland Commission (1983)
4

Buddhist philosophy
48

Burton, I.
13
,
15
,
33
,
34
,
169

Bush, G. W.
153
,
154

Cameroon
143

Cancun
126
,
128
,
130
–2,
138
–9,
140

Caney, S.
48

canonical systems
61
,
62
,
67
,
107
,
109
,
111
,
123
,
173

capital:

human
36
,
72
;

private sector
13
;

see also
social capital

CARE (Cooperative for Assistance and Relief Everywhere)
23
,
99

Carter, T. P.
15

Castells, M.
97

Catholic Relief
99

Central America:

and Washington Consensus
151
;

see also
El Salvador;

Guatemala;

Honduras;

Nicaragua

Centro Ecológico Akumal
135

Chan Chay Ecological Shop
134
,
135
,
141

chance
167

change
28
;

demographic
46
,
169
;

economic
46
,
79
,
169
;

at the margins
43
–4;

reversible and irreversible
21
;

see also
political response/change;

regime change

China
11
,
96
,
143
;

Tangshan earthquake (1976)
100

Christoplos, I.
150
,
151
,
152

civil society
170
;

globalisation of
92
;

state and
90
–1,
96
;

and urban development strategies
128
,
131
–2,
133
,
134
,
135
,
136
,
140

Clarke, D. A.
20

Clean Development Mechanism
13

climate modelling
14

climate proofing
22
,
42
,
128
–9

climatic cycles
14

coastal ecosystems
31

coevolution
26
,
28
–9,
40
,
168
,
169

collective action
84
,
91

Comfort, L.
148
,
150

Commission on Human Security (CHS)
93
,
94

communication
45
;

informal channels of
116
;

skills
114
–16

communitarianism
49
,
92
,
124

community/communities:

and adaptive capacity
118
–19,
121
,
167
–8;

and adaptive management programmes
31
,
33
;

disaster risk management
75
–7;

learning in
63
–4;

of practice
64
,
65
,
79
,
81
,
107
,
124
;

as source of identity
29
;

transition based in
69
;

trust within
119
–20

conceptual development
13
–
18

concurrent adaptation
15

Conference of the Parties (COP)
9

consciousness
62
;

critical
37
,
39
,
62
,
72
,
173
,
175
–6

Consultative Group for the Reconstruction and Transformation of Central America
151

consumption
4
–
5
,
29
,
89

contingency
167

Cooperative for Assistance and Relief Everywhere (CARE)
23

coping
15
,
21
,
26
,
33
–9,
40
,
165
–6,
169
;

and adaptation, distinctions between
35
–6;

capacity
35
,
36
,
37
,
39
;

failure of
16
;

typologies of
33
–4

corporate sector, investment decisions
11

corporate social responsibility
92

corruption
150
,
152

cost-benefit analysis (CBA)
16
,
47
–8,
48

Costanza, R.
29

costs:

of adapting
10
–
11
,
13
,
16
,
47
–8;