Adaptation to Climate Change: From Resilience to Transformation (43 page)

Gilbert (1988)
128
,
130
;

Hazel (1954)
99
;

Joan (1988)
147
;

Katrina (2005)
10
,
24
,
38
,
102
,
159
,
174
;

Mitch (1998)
101
,
147
–52,
159
,
174
;

Nargis (2008)
84
–5;

San Ciriaco (1899)
98
;

Wilma (2005)
130
–1;

Zenon (1930)
98

hydrocarbons
29
,
48

Hyogo Framework for Action on Disaster Risk Management
44
,
89

identity
91
,
172
;

community as source of
29

implementation
62

income distribution
11

India
96
,
100
,
146

individualism
84

Indonesia
143

industrialisation
88
,
89

INETER (Nicaraguan Institute for Territorial Studies)
148
,
149

information:

dissemination of
70
;

informal provision of
73
;

lack of
17
;

management and awareness
36

infrastructure
14
,
43

innovation
69
;

diffusion of
68
,
70
;

mainstreaming of
75
,
76
–7,
166
;

rights and
68
–9;

see also
technological innovation

Institute for Women’s Policy Research
156

institutional failures
17

institutional systems
43

institutionalisation
62

institutions:

and actors, relationship between
71
;

affect on adaptive capacity
112
–16;

change in
71
–2;

modification, agent-centred
66
;

and organisations, distinction between
62

insurance
9
,
11
,
34

integrated scenario assessments
29

intention
68
,
86

Inter-American Development Bank (IADB)
151
,
165

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
8
–
10
,
11
,
21
,
37
,
38
,
163
,
168
,
170
,
174
,
175
;

Assessment Reports
8
–
9
;

conceptualisation of vulnerability
22
;

definition of climate change adaptation
20
;

definition of resilience
55

internal drivers for adaptation
166

international development
26
,
27
,
31
,
167

International Monetary Fund
150
,
151

International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (ISDR)
21

Inuit communities
92

investment:

corporate sector
11
;

in disaster risk reduction
47
–8;

household
34

irreversible change
21

Ison, R. L.
62

Janis, I.
63

Jeffrey, P.
25
,
29

Jerneck, A.
73
,
82

Jordan
59

Jordan, B.
91

justice
5
,
26
,
48
–
50
;

distributional
49
,
50
,
56
,
167
;

procedural
49
–
50
,
56
,
167
;

social
4
,
73
,
164
,
167

Katz, B.
156

Kelly, P. M.
35

Kessler, R. C.
38

Klein, N.
143

knowledge
28
,
172

knowledge culture
115
–16

Krankina, O. N.
14

Krasner, S. D.
70

Kruse, S.
16

Kuhlicke, C.
16

land use
29

LaPorte, R.
146

Leach, M.
33

learning
26
,
40
,
62
–3,
122
–3;

and adaptive ingenuity
65
;

collective
63
–4;

and critical reasoning
65
;

dutero-
62
,
66
;

first, second and third loop
37
,
39
;

informal channels of
116
;

organisational
30
,
64
;

social
see
social learning

Lee, E. K. O.
38

Lee, K. N.
31

legitimacy
95
;

crises of
84
,
91

Leichenko, R. M.
7

liberalisation
92

liberalism
89
,
90
–1

limits to adaptation
15
–
18

literacy rates
11

livelihoods
33
,
34
,
168

local agendas
7

local government
81
–2,
94

local transitions
69
,
74
–9,
82

Locke, J.
90

López-Marrero, T.
15

loss:

absorption
33
;

acceptance
33
;

management
33
;

reduction
33
,
34

McCay, B.
26

McIntosh, B. S.
25
,
29

McPhee, J.
154

Mahahual
126
,
128
,
129
,
136
–7,
138
–9
,
141

mainstreaming of local innovations
75
,
76
–7,
166

maintenance, resilience as
43
,
58

maladaptation
15
,
26
,
42
,
44

Managua earthquake, Nicaragua (1972)
99
,
147

Marmara earthquake, Turkey (1999)
100

Maturana, H.
62

Medema, W.
30
,
31

Mengistu, H. M.
96

Mexico
143
;

industrial agriculture
16
;

National Strategy on Climate Change
128
;

political change following disaster
96
;

urban development discourse
see
Quintana Roo

migration
165
;

as livelihood strategy
140

Mill, J.
91

Millennium Development Goals
24
–5

Ministry of of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (MAFF), UK
108

Mississippi River flood (1927)
157
–8

Mitchell, T.
41

mitigation
7
,
13
,
16
,
42
,
74
,
157
,
163
;

costs
10
,
33
;

and development
88
–9,
150
;

international targets/negotiations
25
,
167
;

as subset of adaptation
22

modernity
83
,
84
,
97
,
171
;

reflexive
88
–9;

and risk society
87
–9

morbidity
10

Morin, R.
155
–6

Morocco
101
,
143

Morren, G. B. Jr.
27

mortality rates
10
,
98
–
102

Moseley, H.
144
,
145

MoveOn.org
155

multiple adaptations
166

Myanmar
84
–5

Nagin, C. R.
156

Nairobi work programme
8

nation-states:

marginalisation of
94
;

responses to disaster events
95
–7,
98
–
102
,
142
–60,
172
,
174

national governments
94

national security
93

natural hazards research
26

needs, basic
6
,
25
,
49
,
90
,
93
–4,
95
,
97
,
172

Nelson, D. R.
41
,
58
,
85
,
86
,
163
,
175
,
176

neoliberalism
89
,
150
–1,
174

Netherlands
72

networks
61
,
64
,
73
,
81
,
107
,
124
;

and adaptive capacity
119
–20,
121
;

trust within
120

New Orleans, USA
159
;

Hurricane Katrina
10
,
24
,
38
,
102
,
152
–8,
159
,
174
;

political response to disaster in
102
,
152
–8;

racial inequity
152
,
153
,
155
,
156

New Yorker
154

New Zealand
92

New Zealand grazing system
120

Nicaragua
96
,
143
;

Civil Defence
148
–9;

corruption
150
,
152
;

earthquake, Managua (1972)
99
,
147
;

Hurricane Joan (1988)
147
;

Hurricane Mitch (1998)
101
,
147
–52,
159
,
174
;

National Opposition Union
148
;

neoliberalism
150
–1;

political response to disaster
101
,
147
–52,
159
;

privatisation
152
;

Sandinistas
148
,
149

Nicaraguan Institute for Territorial Studies (INETER)
148
,
149

Nichupté Lagoon
130

non-governmental organisations (NGOs)
23

non-stationarity, problem of
10

Norgaard, R. B.
28
,
29
,
48
,
169

Norway
92

O’Brien, K.
7
,
41
,
92

Oldenberg, P.
146

Olson, R.
148
–9

Olson, R. S.
143

Olsson, L.
73
,
82