Al-Qaeda (73 page)

IMU (Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan)
15
,
24
,
190
–1,
192

Inderfurth, Karl
192
–3

India
128
,
175
; and Kashmir
16
,
96

Indonesia
227
,
228
,
229
,
230
,
295
; Bali bombings (2002)
264
–5,
309

injustice and justice
30
–1,
281
–2

intelligence services: American
4
–5,
236
; use of propaganda
16
–18;
see also
CIA; FBI; MI5

Iran
84
,
222
–3; and Afghanistan
128
; and Iraqi Kurdistan
223
; and Pakistan
188
; revolution (1979)
56
,
60
,
119
–20; women in
133
,
134
;
see also
Shia Muslims

Iraq
297
; availability of weapons
277
; ‘foreign fighters’
274
–5,
275
–6; Gulf War (1990–1991)
104
,
136
,
137
–8; invasion of Kuwait
4
,
136
; Iraq War(2003) and after
268
–70,
271
–80,
309
; jihadi activism
272
–80; linked with al-Qaeda
17
–18; living conditions
278
; motivation of resistance
277
–9; northern Kurds
222
–7; UN and
224
,
225
; uprising (1991)
223

al-Iraqi, Abu Ayoub
147

Isamuddin, Riduan (‘Hambali’)
228
–9,
230
,
246
,
260

ISI (Inter Services Intelligence) (Pakistan)
82
,
98
,
126
; and Afghanistan
59
,
68
,
75
,
79
,
80
–1,
125
; and Kashmir
97
,
98
,
99
,
189
; support for Hekmatyar
98
,
104
,
167

Islam: in Afghanistan
62
–3; attitudes to women
132
,
133
–4; movements within
28
–9,
30
,
39
–40,
48
,
121
; Qutb on
54
;
see also
Islam, political; Islamic militancy; Islamic radicalism; Salafism; Wahhabism

Islam, political
xxvi
,
25
–38,
47
,
84
,
184
; in Afghanistan
61
–2,
64
,
66
–9,
120
,
122
; in Algeria
201
–2; and gender issues
133
–4; modern ideologues
47
–55; in Pakistan
92
,
98
; retreat of
119
–20,
165
–6,
168
; in Sudan
144
–5; in the UK
283

Islamabad, Pakistan, Egyptian embassy bombing
115
,
154

al-Islambouli, Khalid
76

al-Islambouli, Mohammed Shawky
76
,
114

Islamic Jihad (Egypt)
24
,
115
,
152
,
167
; bin Laden and
12
,
150
,
169
; in Somalia
149
–50,
177
; in Sudan
143
,
144
,
146
,
153

Islamic militancy, modern
xxv
,
20
–21,
39
–40,
94
,
311
; in Afghanistan
6
,
8
,
10
,
261
; in Algeria
202
–3; analysis of violence in Iraq
273
; bin Laden and
139
–40,
146
; in Egypt
151
–2,
153
; fragmentation
268
; grievances and causes of
24
–5,
192
,
306
–7; ideology and views
13
–14,
30
,
32
–3,
34
–5,
83
,
194
–5,
309
–10; in Indonesia
230
; induction into
204
; internationalism
119
,
135
,
165
–6; in Iraq
272
–80; and the Iraq War
268
–70; and Islamicized space
240
; network of networks
10
–13,
14
,
139
,
171
,
231
,
261
–2; in Pakistan
89
–90,
103
–5,
108
–9,
114
–15; phases of
311
–12; and radical Islam
308
; recent trends
14
,
199
,
262
–7; three groups of activists
301
–6;
see also
Islamic radicalism; jihad; martyrdom

Islamic movements, state repression
15
–16,
228
,
307
–8

Islamic radicalism
xxv
–xxvi,
39
–40,
61
,
88
,
192
,
282
; in Afghanistan
61
–2; bin Laden’s
161
–6; in central Asia
191
–2; gradualist
52
; ideology and views
33
,
74
–5,
83
,
295
–7; increase in
294
–7; in Kurdistan
224
–5; practical problems
36
; present day
307
–10; role of ‘freelancers’
199
,
232
–3; Saudi Arabia and
59
–60; in southeast Asia
227
–8; Sudan and
155
–6; tactics
68
; Taliban and
194
; in the UK
283
–4,
287
–8,
290
–91; use of phrase ‘al-Qaeda’
1
–2;
see also
Deobandism; Islamic militancy; Salafism; Wahhabism

Islamic states
49
,
50
,
52
,
83
; difficulties establishing
133
,
164
; Pakistan as
90

‘Islamicized space’
93
,
240

Islamism
40
,
51

Isma’il, Jamal
142

Israel
56
,
151
,
163
,
280
,
296
,
310

Italy, GSPC cells
219

Ittehad-e-Islami group
70
–71

jahillyya
54
,
55
; describing modern society
51

Jaji training base
78
,
79

Jalalabad, Afghanistan: battle of (1989)
81
,
141
; bin laden in
160
–61

Jamaat Islami
51
; in Afghanistan
66
,
69
,
124
; in Kashmir
97
–8; in Pakistan
52
,
66
,
67
,
91
–2,
120
; and Saddam Hussein
98

Jamaat Tablighi
155
,
195

Jamaat-e-Jihad (Eritrea)
146

Jamaat-e-Ulema-e-Islami (JUI)
98
,
126
,
168

Jamal al-Din, Afghani
47
,
52