Allende’s Chile and the Inter-American Cold War (55 page)

94.
Memorandum, Armando Uribe, “Estada en Chile del Jefe de la Delegacion Especial de EEUU a la Transmisión de Mando, Secretario Charles Meyer,” 6 November 1970. See also, Memorandum, Ramon Huidobro, c. 4 November 1970, Memos Politicos/MINREL, 1961–1979/AMRE.

95.
Memorandum for the Record, “Minutes of the Meeting of the 40 Committee, 13 November 1970,” 17 November 1970, CDP-NSC.

96.
“HAK Talking Points on Chile, NSC Meeting—Thursday, November 6,” box H029/NSCIF/NPMP. Emphasis in original.

97.
Memorandum, Kissinger to Nixon, 5 November 1970.

98.
Quotations from Intelligence Note, INR, “Latin America: Top Officials Assess the Implications of the Allende Victory,” 2 November 1970, box 2196/RG59/NARA.

99.
Telegram, Hurwitch to the Secretary, 3 November 1970.

100.
Memorandum of Conversation, the President et al., the Cabinet Room, 9:40 a.m., 6 November 1970, in Kornbluh,
Pinochet File
, 116–20.

101.
Telcon, Kissinger and Rogers, 6 November 1970, box 7/HAK Telcons/NSCF/NPMP.

102.
Memorandum, Kissinger to Nixon, 5 November 1970.

103.
“HAK Talking Points,” NSC Meeting, 6 November 1970. See also David Packard’s comments in Minutes, SRG Meeting on Chile, 14 October 1970, and Kissinger,
White House Years
, 665.

104.
Memorandum, Walters to Kissinger, 3 November 1970, and Note, Nixon to Kissinger, 5 November 1970.

105.
Memorandum of Conversation, the President et al., 6 November 1970.

106.
National Security Decision Memorandum 93, “Policy towards Chile,” 9 November 1970, CDP-NSC.

107.
Memorandum of Conversation, the President et al., 6 November 1970.

108.
Ibid.

109.
Memorandum, “Covert Action Program for Chile,” 17 November 1970.

110.
National Security Decision Memorandum 93.

111.
Allende interview with Radio Habana Cuba as quoted in
Granma
, 5 September 1970.

112.
Volodia Teitelboim, 3 January 1971, as quoted in Special Report, FBIS, 25 March 1971, CDP-CIA.

113.
Record of Conversations, Raúl Roa and Polish minister of foreign affairs Stefan Jedrychowski, 24–26 June 1971, Urgent Note, “Notes on the Conversations with Roa,” 30 June 1971, wiazka 3/40/75/AMSZ.

114.
Ibid.

115.
Castro as quoted in “Interview with Salvador Allende and Fidel Castro,” in Cockcroft,
Allende Reader
, 134.

1.
Allende, “Victory Speech,” in Cockcroft,
Allende Reader
, 50, 48.

2.
Oficio, Embachile Rio to Señor Ministro, 26 October 1970, Oficios Conf. E./R./Brasil/1970/AMRE.

3.
Speech, General Canaverro Pereira on the occasion of Argentine General Alcides Lópes Aufranc’s visit to Brazil, October 1970, as quoted in Embachile Rio to Señor Ministro, 26 October 1970, Oficios Conf., E./R./Brasil/1970/AMRE.

4.
This possibility and the decision not to break relations were later conveyed to Secretary of the Treasury John Connally during conversations with President Médici on 8 June 1972 in Brasilia. For an account of this conversation, see Telegram, Amembassy Wellington to SecState, 23 June 1972, Executive Secretariat, Briefing Books, 1958–1976, lot 720373, box 135/RG59/NARA.

5.
Allende, “Inaugural Address in the National Stadium,” in Cockcroft,
Allende Reader
, 54, 60; and Popular Unity Programme, 1969, in Cockcroft,
Allende Reader
, 276–78.

6.
Allende, “Victory Speech,” in Cockcroft,
Allende Reader
, 48, 51.

7.
Almeyda, “La Política Exterior del Gobierno de la Unidad Popular,” in Almeyda,
Obras Escogidas
, 97, 131.

8.
Letter, Hernán Santa Cruz to Señor Don Salvador Allende, 12 September 1970, vol. 2/FHSC/AMRE.

9.
Memorandum Secreto, Ministro de Relaciones Exteriores al Señor Embajador de Chile en Washington, no. 14, 24 June 1971, 2/16/2/FOL.

10.
Allende, “Address to the United Nations General Assembly,” 4 December 1972, in Cockcroft,
Allende Reader
, 205.

11.
Popular Unity Programme, in Cockcroft,
Allende Reader
, 270–71.

12.
Debray, “Allende habla con Debray,” 40.

13.
Oficio, Domingo Santa Maria (Chilean Ambassador), Embachile Washington to Señor Ministro, 17 November 1970, Oficios Conf./EEUU/1970/AMRE. On scrutinizing the press, see Jaramillo Edwards interview, 21 September 2005. Certain reports on the U.S. press from Chile’s embassy in Washington were passed directly to Allende. See Telex, Letelier to MRE, 7 April 1971, Telex: 1–400/EEUU/1971/AMRE.

14.
Kissinger,
White House Years
, 654. Although the Nixon administration expressed worries about increasing Soviet activity in Cuba in August 1970, the Cienfuegos crisis did not erupt until late September. See Memorandum of Conversation, Kissinger and Minister Counselor Vorontsov, 7 August 1970, and Memorandums of
Conversations, Kissinger and Dobrynin, 25 September and 9 October 1970, in Geyer and Selvage,
Soviet-American Relations
, 186–88, 199–200, 202, and 207–8.

15.
Letter, Santa Cruz to Allende, 12 September 1970.

16.
Memorandum of Conversation, Galo Plaza and Allende, 2 November 1970, Tomás Moro, enclosure, Memorandum, Rogers to Nixon, 29 December 1970, box 2196/RG59/NARA.

17.
Letter, Orlando Letelier to Aniceto Rodríguez, 12 October 1970, 12/2/11/FOL. See also, Almeyda, “Foreign Policy of the Unidad Popular,” 84.

18.
Letter, Letelier to Rodríguez, 12 October 1970.

19.
Almeyda, “Exposición del Ministro de Relaciones Exteriores, Señor Clodomiro Almeyda, ante la Comisión de Relaciones Exteriores del Senado,” 22 December 1970, enclosure, Circular, MRE, 25 January 1971, Discursos: S. Allende Gossens/1971/AMRE.

20.
Huidobro interview, 18 October 2004, and Urrutia interview, 27 October 2004.

21.
Urrutia interview, 27 October 2004. Urrutia recalled that he was one of those who suggested Letelier to Allende as an alternative. On speculation that Herrera might be offered the post, see “Allende May Offer Chilean Post to Inter-American Bank Head,”
New York Times
, 8 October 1970.

22.
Fermandois,
Mundo y Fin de Mundo
, 361–62.

23.
Ibid., 360; Huidobro interviews, 18 and 28 October 2004; and Humberto Diaz Casanueva, “Política Multilateral del Presidente Salvador Allende,” 168.

24.
Huidobro interview, 28 October 2004. Although Castro advised Allende to keep Valdés on, Huidobro insisted this was Allende’s decision. E-mail correspondence with the author, 16 February 2005. On Castro’s advice, see Memorandum of Conversation, Plaza and Allende, 2 November 1970, and Record of Conversation, Ambassador Alexseev and Volodia Teitelboim, 14 October 1970, published as “Conversación del Embajador Alexseev con Volodia Teitelboim,” in Ulianova and Fediakova, “Chile en los Archivos de la URSS (1959–1973).”

25.
Huidobro interview, 28 October 2004. Huidobro, a career diplomat and Allende’s close confidant, also stayed at the ministry with Almeyda for two months until he went to Buenos Aires as Chile’s ambassador.

26.
Almeyda, “Foreign Policy of the Unidad Popular,” 80–81, 84. See also Urgent Note, “Summary of Visit of the Chilean Delegation,” 2 June 1971, wiazka 3/40/75/AMSZ.

27.
Memorandum Secreto, Ministro de Relaciones Exteriores al Señor Embajador de Chile en Washington et al., no. 14, 24 June 1971, 2/16/2/FOL.

28.
Ulianova, “La Unidad Popular y el Golpe Militar,” 89.

29.
Almeyda, “Foreign Policy of the Unidad Popular,” 83.

30.
Oficio, Jorge Edwards to Señor Ministro, 10 December 1970, Cuba/1970/AMRE.

31.
For a detailed examination of the UP’s policies toward East and West Germany, see Fermandois, “Del Malestar al Entusiasmo.”

32.
Almeyda as quoted in Urgent Note, “Summary of Visit of the Chilean Delegation,” 2 June 1971.

33.
Memorandum of Conversation, Plaza and Allende, 2 November 1970.

34.
Ibid; Almeyda as quoted in Urgent Note, “Summary of Visit of the Chilean Delegation,” 2 June 1971.

35.
Memorandum of Conversation, Plaza and Allende, 2 November 1970; Almeyda as quoted in Urgent Note, “Summary of Visit of the Chilean Delegation,” 2 June 1971.

36.
Allende, Speech in Punta Arenas, 27 February 1971, published as “Estados Unidos de Norteamérica,”
OE-SA
, 565. See also Almeyda, Speech to OAS, San José, Costa Rica, 15 April 1971, in Vera Castillo,
Política Exterior Chilena
, 432–33.

37.
Paper, “Enfoque y Conceptos sobre la coperacion cientifico-tecnica internacional,” enclosure, Memorandum, Embachile Havana, no date, “Negociaciones para el establecimiento de cooperacion cientifico-tecnica chileno-cubana,” CMSA.

38.
Memorandum, Santa Cruz, “Posibilidades de la Realizacion en Chile de la Tercera UNCTAD,” 17 February 1971, vol. 2/FHSC/AMRE.

39.
Oficio, Santa Maria to Señor Ministro, 27 November 1970, Oficios Conf./EEUU/1970/AMRE; and Officio, Manuel Sánchez (chargé d’affaires), Embachile Washington, to Señor Ministro, 22 January 1971, Oficios Conf., R./EEUU/1971/AMRE.

40.
Davis,
Last Two Years
, 27–28;
Covert Action in Chile
, 35; and Telex, MRE to Embachile Washington, 2 March 1971, Telex E: 1–367/EEUU/1971/AMRE. On indications of U.S. hostility, see also Diaz Casanueva, “Política Multilateral del Presidente Salvador Allende,” 170. Although the Easter Island incident was probably unrelated to Nixon’s policy to undermine Allende, the White House was directly responsible for canceling the
Enterprise
visit. Kissinger noted that he did not want Allende to be able to “use it to say they have great relations with us.” See Telcons, Kissinger and Admiral Elmo Zumwalt, 24 February 1971, Kissinger and Rogers, 25 February 1971, and Kissinger and Melvyn Laird, 25 February 1971, box 9/HAK Telcons/NSC/NPMP. On Chilean complaints to Washington regarding both incidents as evidence of hostility, see Telex, MRE to Embachile Washington, 14 October 1972, Telex E./EEUU/1972/AMRE.

41.
Nixon as quoted in Oficio, Sánchez to Señor Ministro, 8 January 1971 Oficios Conf., R/EEUU/1971/AMRE.

42.
Telex, Embachile Washington to MRE, 26 February 1971, Telex R: 1–400/EEUU/1971/AMRE.

43.
Allende, “Estados Unidos de Norteamérica,”
OE-SA
, 567.

44.
Memorandum Secreto, MRE al Señor Embajador, no. 14, 24 June 1971. The working group consisted of Allende, the president of the state’s Council of Defense, Letelier, and functionaries from the Foreign Ministry, the National Copper Corporation of Chile (Corporación Nacional del Cobre de Chile or CODELCO), and the Production Development Corporation (Corporación de Fomento de la Producción de Chile or CORFO). On working group meetings, see also Huidobro interview, 28 October 2004. Huidobro recalls that he attended one early meeting of the working group at which six or seven people were present, including Letelier, Almeyda, and Allende’s minister in charge of mines, Orlando Cantuarias.

45.
Allende, “Inaugural Address,” in Cockcroft,
Allende Reader
, 58.

46.
Telegrams, Rogers to Amembassy Santiago and Korry to SecState, 1 February 1971, box 18/RG84/NARA. See also Record of Conversation, Almeyda and Korry, 1 February 1971, Memorandum, 2 February 1971, Memorandos/Dirección Economica, 1967–1974/AMRE.

47.
Telegram, Korry to SecState, 4 February 1971, box 18/RG84/NARA.

48.
Record of Conversations, Korry and José Toha (Chilean Minister of the Interior), 8 February 1971, Telegram, Korry to SecState, 9 February 1971, box 18/RG84/NARA.

49.
Telegram, Korry to SecState, 9 February 1971.

50.
Telex, Embachile Washington to MRE, 26 February 1971.

51.
Annex III: Memorandum Armando Uribe, enclosure, Oficio, MRE to Embachile Washington, 14 April 1971, Oficios Conf., E./EEUU/1971/AMRE.

52.
Oficio, Letelier to Señor Ministro, 23 April 1971, Oficios Conf., R./EEUU/1971/AMRE.

53.
Memorandum, William R. Joyce to Mr. Navarro, 30 March 1971, Oficios Conf., R./EEUU/1971/AMRE.

54.
Telex, Letelier to MRE, 6 July 1971, Telex R: 1–400/EEUU/1971/AMRE.

55.
Oficio, Sánchez to Señor Ministro, 3 February 1971, Oficios Conf., R./EEUU/1971/AMRE.

56.
Record of Conversation, Letelier and Crimmins, 17 March 1971, Telex, Letelier to MRE, 17 March 1971, Telex R: 1–400/EEUU/1971/AMRE.

57.
“The President’s Reply to the Remarks of the Newly Appointed Ambassador of Chile Orlando Letelier del Solar upon the Occasion of the Presentation of His Letter of Credence,” 2 March 1971, 2/16/10/FOL.

58.
Record of Conversation, Letelier and Kissinger, 23 March 1971, Telex, Letelier to Almeyda, 23 March 1971, Telex R: 1–400/EEUU/1971/AMRE.

59.
Oficio, Letelier to Señor Ministro, “La prensa norteamericana y Chile. Elecciones municipales,” 9 April 1971, Oficios Conf., R./EEUU/1971/AMRE.

60.
On lobbying and Nixon’s views, see
Subversion in Chile
, 22–103, 96, 46, 53.

61.
“HAK Talking Points—Chile SRG Meeting,” 17 February 1971, box H052/NSCIF/NPMP.

62.
Ibid., and Memorandum, Nachmanoff to Kissinger, 16 February 1971, box H052/NSCIF/NPMP.

63.
Memorandum, Kissinger to the Under Secretary of State et al., 25 February 1971, box H052/NSCIF/NPMP.

64.
Record of Conversation, Letelier and Kissinger, 23 March 1971, Telex, Letelier to Almeyda, 23 March 1971.

65.
Memorandum, Crimmins (Acting Chairman, Ad Hoc Working Group on Chile) to Irwin, 19 December 1970, box 2201/RG59/NARA.