America's Unwritten Constitution: The Precedents and Principles We Live By (104 page)

DNA tests,
180
,
182

Douglas, William O.,
117–118
,
120
,
129
,
130
,
153–154

draft (national conscription),
49
,
90–94

Dred Scott v. Sanford
,
21
,
119
,
121
,
145
,
186–187
,
270–274
,
483

Duane, William,
340

due-process clause,
118–121
,
123
,
162–163
,
186
,
see also
Fifth
and
Fourteenth Amendments

Duncan v. Louisiana
,
153

Dunlap, John,
66

“Duverger’s Law,”
411–412

Eberhart v. United States
,
233

Edmond v. United States
,
376

Eighteenth Amendment,
282–284

Eighth Amendment,
133–134
,
136
,
153
,
216
,
224
,
448

Eisenhower, Dwight D.,
264–265
,
333
,
345

Eisenstadt v. Baird
,
121

Elizabeth II, Queen of England,
245

Ellsworth, Oliver,
9
,
10
,
13
,
28
,
40
,
44
,
102

electoral college,
12
,
87
,
144
,
184–185
,
187–189
,
359
,
391
,
396–399
,
402
,
406–407
,
457–458
,
461
,
463
,
468
,
471

Emancipation Proclamation,
86
,
91

emoluments clause,
see
Article I
,
section 6
Engel v. Vitale
,
153
,
154
,
195
,
218–219
,
221

    
controversy over,
170–172

England,
71
,
128
,
134
,
175
,
207
,
220
,
245
,
310
,
318
,
325
,
464

    
Act of Settlement (1701) of,
454

    
Bill of Rights (1689) of,
133

    
common law in,
53

    
and
nemo judex in causa sua
principle,
13

    
Parliament of,
8
,
10
,
53
,
133
,
168
,
177
,
336–337
,
367
,
393
,
454

enactment arguments,
54–56
,
63

Entick v. Carrington,
128
n
,
177

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission,
409

“equal-footing doctrine,”
259

equal-protection clause,
see
Fourteenth Amendment

Equal Rights Amendment (ERA),
294–296

Erie v. Tompkins
,
235

European Union (EU),
484

Everson v. Board of Education
,
152
,
219

ex-post-facto laws,
9–10
,
21
,
24
,
28–29

“exclusionary rule,”
111
,
114–116
,
152–153
,
172–176
,
179–181
,
183
,
196
,
222–223

Executive Article,
see
Article II

Faircloth, Lauch,
374

Federal Communications Commission,
409

Federal Election Commission,
383
,
409

Federal Energy Regulatory Commission,
409

Federal Income Tax Amendment,
126

Federal Maritime Commission,
409

federal power,
24
,
26–28
,
34
,
75
,
78
,
102
,
158–160
,
207
,
252
,
434

Federal Reserve Board,
321–322
,
381

Federal Trade Commission,
381
,
401
,
409

federalism and Federalists,
6
,
13
,
16
,
28
,
34
,
43
,
52
,
75
,
168
,
250
,
311
,
337
,
351

    
and free expression,
54–55
,
124–125

    
and majority rule,
59–62

    
as political party,
393
,
397
,
401

Federalist, The
,
42
,
247
,
249–250
,
255–258
,
391

    
No. 2 of,
251

    
No. 10 of,
13

    
No. 40 of,
253–254

    
No. 43 of,
251
,
254

    
No. 55 of,
420

    
No. 63 of,
483
,
485

    
No. 69 of,
314

    
No. 70 of,
327

    
No. 77 of,
320

    
No. 78 of,
254

    
No. 80 of,
13

    
No. 81 of,
209

Ferguson v. Georgia
,
105–106
,
107

Fifteenth Amendment,
80
,
84
,
91–92
,
145–146
,
151
,
187
,
197
,
225–226
,
288
,
296
,
400
,
406
,
408
,
436–437
,
441
,
454–455

Fifth Amendment,
146
,
166
,
216
,
435

    
and defendants’ rights,
100
,
104
,
118
,
153

    
and due process,
106
,
108
,
120
,
430

    
and exclusionary rules,
176
,
178–180
,
223

    
and Fourth-Fifth fusion,
180–182
,
223

    
and just compensation,
132

    
symmetry in,
111

    
and voting rights,
185

First Amendment,
29
,
33–35
,
37
,
47
,
100
,
102
,
130
,
177
,
216
,
218
,
340
,
395
,
416
,
436

    
and congressional action,
141

    
and flag burning,
155

    
and incorporation opinions,
154–156
,
159
,
165
,
168–169

    
origins of,
54

    
and religious neutrality,
71
,
78–79
,
252

    
and right to assemble,
117–118

First Congress, U.S.,
29
,
102
,
111
,
125
,
260
,
320–322
,
324
,
368
,
401

    
and states’ rights,
34

first lady (president’s spouse),
289–291

First Reconstruction Act (1867),
80–81
,
84–88
,
91
,
400

flag burning,
155
,
451
,
453
,
455

Florida,
402
,
458

Fonda, Henry,
442

Ford, Gerald,
462

Fort Knox,
70

Fort Sumter,
185
Fountainhead, The
,
247

Fourteenth Amendment,
103
,
125
,
158
,
197
,
215
,
221
,
239
,
249
,
252
,
254
,
263–264
,
271
,
350
n
,
435–436
,
454
,
473

    
and Confederate states,
86
,
399–400

    
and draft,
49
,
89
,
91–93

    
and due process,
118–120
,
123

    
enumerated and unenumerated rights in,
106–110
,
116
,
122
,
386–387

    
equal-protection clause in,
185–187
,
192
,
213

    
and incorporation opinions,
156–157
,
161
,
164
,
169
,
171
,
215–216

    
and oaths,
420

    
and privileges-or-immunities clause,
118–121
,
125
,
134
,
162
,
186–187
,
434
n

    
and property,
126

    
and race,
79
,
145–151
,
441

    
as transformative deed,
80–84

    
rights against states,
102
,
133–136

    
Section 2,
406–408
,
434
n

    
Section 3,
421

    
and slavery,
398

    
and unabridgeable rights,
98

    
and voting rights,
185–192
,
227

    
and women,
280–281
,
287–288
,
294
,
296
,
304

Fourth Amendment,
97
,
127–130
,
132
,
173–180
,
216
,
223
,
303
,
421
,
427
,
435

    
and Fourth-Fifth fusion,
180–181
,
223

    
and lived rights,
117

France,
90
,
156
,
315–316
,
318
,
325
,
465–466

Frankfurter, Felix,
83–84

Franklin, Benjamin,
68
,
253
,
358

free expression,
29
,
34–35
,
37
,
54
,
78
,
154–155
,
162
,
168
,
177
,
218
,
318
,
see also
First Amendment

Gandhi, Mahatma,
482–483

gay rights

    
and same-sex marriage,
451
,
453
,
455

Gayle v. Browder
,
213

general elections,
400
,
405
,
407
,
412

George III, King of England,
310
,
394
,
422

Georgia,
105
,
458

Germany,
464
,

Gerry, Elbridge,
9

gerrymandering,
226–230

Gettysburg Address,
150
,
243
,
247–249
,
251
,
252
,
263–264
,
272

Gideon v. Wainwright
,
112
,
114
,
115
,
153
,
198
,
199
,
230

Glorious Revolution,
424

Goldberg, Arthur,
154

Gonazales v. Raich
,
23

Gone with the Wind
,
247

Gore, Al,
291
,
411
n

governors,
82
,
115
,
310–311
,
326
,
414
,
463
,
470–472