Armies of Heaven (61 page)

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Authors: Jay Rubenstein

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and Stephen of Valence, visions of

and Urban II,

Adultery

Aelia Capitolina

Agarenes.
See also
Muslims; Saracens

Agatha (saint)

Ahmad ibn-Marwan

Aimo (archbishop of Bourges)

Al-Afdal

Al-Aqsa Mosque

Albara

Albert of Aachen

and AdhÃ©mar, death of

and Antioch

and Ascalon

and Bohemond

and cannibalism

and Civitot

and Godfrey of Bouillon

and Jerusalem, massacre at

and Nicea

and nun from Trier

and procession of penance and humility

and Sidon

Alexius II,

and Antioch

and Bohemond

and Civitot

and crusade, contributions to

and decapitation

and Dorylaeum

and Godfrey of Bouillonâ

and Greek Fire

hostages of

and Hugh the Great

and Nicea

and nun from Trier

oaths toâ

and Peter the Hermit

and Raymond of Saint-Gilles

and religious war

and Robert of Flanders

and Saracens

and Seljuk Turks

and Stephen of Blois

and Tetigus

and Turks

and Urban II,

Al-Hakim bi Amr Allah

Alp Arslan (sultan)

Ambrose (saint)

Anatolia

Andrew (monk)

Andrew (saint)

and Antioch

and Holy Lance

and John IV,

and Maâarra

relics of

Angers

Animals, as sign of Apocalypse.
See also
Signs

Anna Comnena

and Bohemond

and Civitot

and Godfrey of Bouillon

and Hugh the Great

and Kelts

and Nicea

Anselm of Ribemont

Antichrist,
plate 7

and decapitations,
plate 4

precursor to

and Urban II,

Antioch(map)

and Alexius II,

apocalyptic signs in

and Bohemond

cannibalism at

decapitation at

description of

desertion at

destruction of

earthquake in

and Egypt

and ghost riders

importance of

and Kerbogah

and Kerbogah, defeat of

and Kerbogah, negotiations with

and Kerbogah, withdrawal from

legal judgment at

Mahomerie tower at

massacre at

miracles at

moral code at

and Orontes River battle

orphans at

and Peter Bartholomew, visions of

religious buildings at, defacing of

road to

rule of

siege of

as special Christian inheritance

starvation at

and Taurus Mountains

tournaments at

trial by combat at

truce at

truce at, failure of

victory at

visions at

and Yaghi-Siyan, and relief army

Apocalypse

and animals

and Clermont sermon

defined

false

and history

and miracles

ongoing, First Crusade as

and opposites

scenes of

and seventh battle

and white horse, apocalyptic rider on

See also
Apocalypticism

Apocalyptic signs.
See
Signs

Apocalyptic visions.
See
Visions

Apocalypticism.
See also
Apocalypse; Armageddon; Last Days; Last Emperor; Last Judgment; Millenarianism; Visions

Armageddon.
See also

Apocalypticism

Armor.
See also
Army

Army (of First Crusade)

dehydration of

dispersal of

and honor

and major battle sites(map)

of princes

reform of, vision of

routes taken by(map) (map)(map)

supplies for

and visions(
see also
Visions)

See also
Armor;
under individual leaders;
Warriors; Weaponry

Arnold (knight; former lord of Ãchauffour)

Arnulf (bishop of Martirano)

Arnulf of Choques (patriarch)

and Ascalon

Arnulf of Choques (priest)

Arqa

Ascalon

Augustine (saint)

Augustus

Bagrat

Balduk

Baldwin (archbishop of Caesarea)

Baldwin of Boulogne

as adopted son of Toros

and Antioch

as Baldwin I, king of Jerusalem

and Constantinople

fate of

and Godfrey of Bouillon

and Mamistra

and Marash

as prince of Edessa

and Samosata

and Syria

and Tarsus

wife of

Baptism

Bari

Bartlett, Robert

Baudry (monk)

Baudry of Bourgueil

and Clermont

and Jerusalem

and siege warfare, violence of

Belgrade

Beneciacum

Benjamites

Benzo (bishop of Alba)

Bertha of Holland

Bertrada of Montfort

Bertrand of le Puy

Bethlehem

Birds eating flesh of men,
plate 5

Bohemond (of Antioch; of Taranto)

and Alexius II,

and Alexius II, negotiations with

and Alexius II, oath to

and Antioch

and Antioch, rule of

and Antioch, starvation at

and Antioch, victory at

army of

and Baldwin of Boulogne

and battle wounds

and Byzantine-Turkish alliances

and cannibalism

and Cilicia

and Constantinople

and decapitation

and Dorylaeum

fate of

and Holy Lance

as hostage

and Jerusalem

and Kerbogah

and Kerbogah, defeat of

and Maâarra

as military genius, at Antioch

military plan of

and Nicea

and Orontes River battle

and Peter Bartholomew, vision of

and Pirrus

and Tetigus

The Book of Raymond of Aguilers

Boutoumites (general)

Brutality

at Antioch

of Godfrey of Bouillon

of Raymond of Saint-Gilles

of Saracens

See also
Cannibalism; Decapitation; Massacres; Violence

Bucinat

Bulgaria

Byzantine Empire(map)

Byzantine-Turkish alliances

Canaanites

Cannibalism

at Antioch

at Maâarra

and Peter Bartholomew, visions of

See also
Brutality

Cappadocia

Castoria

Charlemagne

Chosen People

obsession with

Christ

as apocalyptic rider on white horse

and Last Days, signs of

Christendom

“Christian,”

Christian identity

Christians

and conversion

Latin Catholic vs. Greek Orthodox

vs. Muslims

Chrysobull

Church of the Nativity

Churches, as sanctuaries

Cilicia

Circumcision

Civitot

Clarembald of Vendeuil

Clement III (aka Wibert of Ravenna; the Antipope; “the blockheaded pope”)

Clermont, sermon at

and Antichrist

apocalypticism of

and call for peace

and crusade indulgence

and pollution, fear of

and Saracens, brutality of

Climate

Code of conduct, of crusade warriors

Coloman (king of Hungary)

and Emicho of Flonheim

and Godfrey of Bouillon

Combat fatigue

Comets.
See also
Signs

Conrad (son of Henry IV)

Constantine Euphorbenus Catacalon

Constantine the Great

Constantinople

and Baldwin of Boulogne

and Bohemond

and Godfrey of Bouillon

and Peter the Hermit

and Walter of Sansavoir

Conversion, religious

forced

Council of Clermont

Crown of Thorns

Crucifixion of Christ

nails of

site of(
see also
Golgotha)

Crusade indulgence

Crusade leaders.
See
Leaders, of crusade

Crusader state

Daimbert (archbishop of Pisa)

Dalmatia (aka Sclavonia)

Daniel, Book of

David (king)

enthroned in earthly Jerusalem,
plate 9

Decapitation

and Alexius II,

and antichrist,
plate 4

at Antioch

of Denis (saint)

and Egypt

in Nicomedia

and Peter Bartholomew, visions of

and Peter the Hermit, armies of

See also
Brutality

Dehydration

Demetrius (saint)

Denis (saint)

decapitation of

Desertions

at Antioch

Deuteronomy

Dome of the Rock

Dorylaeum

Drogo of Nesle

Duqaq of Damascus

Durand (bishop of Clermont)

Durazzo

Earthquakes.
See also
Signs

East, vs. West

Easter, March

Ãchauffour

Edessa

Egypt

Egyptians

and Ascalon

and Jerusalem

Emicho of Flonheim

army of

and pogroms

End of days.
See
Last Days

End times.
See
Last Days

Europe, siege warfare in

Eustace (count of Boulogne)

“Evil Crown,”

Evrard (priest)

Evrard the Hunter (knight)

“The Faithful Men of St. Peter,”

First Crusade

and Christian identity

and climate

and Frankish identity

as holy war

and the individual, discovery of

legacy of

meaning of

and modern world, birth of

motivation for joining

and national identity

as ongoing Apocalypse

as penitential war

reasons for

and West vs. East

and Western culture, foundations of

Folkmar (monk)

army of

Fox (armored shell model).
See also
Weaponry

France

Francis (saint)

Frankish identity

Franks

and Jews, conflating of,
plate 12

as new Israel

style of

Fulcher of Chartres

and Alexius II, oaths to

and Antioch

and Armageddon

and Ascalon

and Baldwin of Boulogne

and cannibalism

and Constantinople

and Dorylaeum

and Jerusalem, massacre at

and Jerusalem, rule of

and Kerbogah, defeat of

and Nicea

Fulk (count of Anjou)

Fulk Nerra (count of Anjou)

Gabriel (archangel)

Gabriele, Matthew

Galdemar Carpenel

George (saint)

German Empire(map)

German pilgrimage

Ghost riders

Gideon

Giselbert (cleric)

Glaber, Rodulfus

God

Godevere (wife of Baldwin)

Godfrey Burel

Godfrey of Bouillon (duke of Lower Lotharingia)

as adopted son of Alexius II, ,

as Advocate of the Holy Sepulcher

and Alexius II,

and Alexius II, oath to

and Antioch

and Antioch, victory at

army of

and Arqa

and Ascalon

and bear, wounding by

brutality of

and Constantinople

and Dorylaeum

and Edessa

fate of

illness of

and Jerusalem, delay in journey to

and Jerusalem, rule of

and Jerusalem, siege towers at

and Jerusalem, victory at

and Kerbogah, negotiations with

and Nicea

and Nicomedia

and nun from Trier

and Orontes River battle

and pogroms

and True Cross

vs. Raymond of Saint-Gilles

and white horse, apocalyptic rider on

Godfrey of Esch

Godfrey the Hunchback (duke of Lower Lotharingia)

Golden roses,
plate 2

Golgotha (aka “place of the Skull”).
See also
Crucifixion of Christ

Gottschalk (priest)

army of

Gouffier of Lastours

Great Schism

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