B005HFI0X2 EBOK (68 page)

Ford, Henry, 202, 246–248, 261, 299, 318, 474

Ford, William Clay Jr., 437

Fordism, 260–262, 361

for service sector, 472–475

Walmart and anti-Fordism, 425–426

Ford Motor Company, 247–249, 311, 353–354, 424, 437, 441

Fordney-McCumber Tariff (1922), 265–266

foreign direct investment, 265, 377

Foreign Trade Zone 49, 452–453

Forgotten Man, The
(Shlaes), 294

Fort Peck Dam, 338

Foster, William Trufant, 273

France

America War of Independence and, 26

automobile development and, 192

aviation in, 205

Civil War and, 132

economic growth of, 372

manufacturing capacity, after World War I, 263

minimum wage and, 295–296

railroads and, 154

World War I and, 240, 264

Frank, Barney, 447

Frank, Jerome, 285, 288

Frankfurter, Felix, 229, 299

Franklin, Benjamin, 189–190, 191

Franklin, William, 189

Franklin Institute, 95

Freddie Mac, 430, 444, 446, 447

Freeman, S. David, 384–385

free market competition.
See
producerism, of Jefferson

Free to Choose
(Friedman and Friedman), 378

free trade

Cold War concessions to allies, 331–332, 368–376, 456–457

protectionism versus, 146–147

Frémont, John C., 74, 128

Freud, Sigmund, 254

Frezza, Bill, 156

Friant Dam, 338

Frick, Henry Clay, 173

Friedman, Milton, 272, 279, 378

Friedman, Rose, 378

Frigorifique
(ship), 203

Fuel Administration, 243

fugitive-slave law, 120–121

Fuller, Ida May, 296

Fuller, R. Buckminster, 344

Fulton, Robert, 87–89, 92, 191

fur trade, 72–75

Galbraith, John Kenneth, 302, 304, 329, 348, 350, 352, 378, 441

Gale, Leonard, 94

Gallatin, Albert, 43–44, 46, 53, 55, 69–70, 71, 114

Garfield, Dr. Sidney, 318

Garner, John Nance, 284, 334

Garn–St. Germain Depository Institutions Act (1982), 386

Gary, Elbert, 233

Gates, Bill, 417

General Aniline, 313

General Dyestuffs, 313

General Electric, 259, 416

broadcasting and, 207

creation of, 196, 197, 217, 220

employee benefits, 260

financial-market capitalism, 436–437

jet engines, 404, 427

research and development, 192

General Motors, 426, 437

creation of, 249

employee benefits and, 441

twenty-first century bailout of, 448

unions and, 298, 351–354

General Motors Acceptance Corporation, 218

General Services Administration, 348

General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money, The
(Keynes), 12

George, Henry, 179, 223

Georgia, 134

Germany

aviation in, 204

banking system, 218

Cold War and mercantilist policies, 371, 372, 457

globalization, 428

Great Recession, 455

import-substitution policy, 146

jet engines, 404–405

manufacturing capacity, after World War I, 263

Next American economy and, 459

research universities in, 202

social reforms in nineteenth century, 223–224

World War I, 235–236, 264–266, 270

World War II, 236–239, 310, 314, 331–332, 397

Gesner, Abraham, 77

Giannini, A. P., 254, 285, 434

Gibbons v. Ogden
, 88, 90

Gilleran, James, 363

Gilman, George F., 252

Girard, Stephen, 49, 65–68, 70–72

Girard College, 66

Glass-Steagall Act, 280, 286, 349, 354, 355, 385–386

repeal of, 435

Glidden, J. F., 177

globalization, early twenty-first century current account deficits and, 423–434

Goethals, George Washington, 238

Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 473

Goldman, Eric, 245–246

Goldman Sachs, 435

gold standard

agriculture and, 179

Civil War and debt repayment issues, 148–149

Fisk, Gould, and manipulation of, 158

Hoover and Great Depression mistakes, 280

McKinley and, 183

Nixon and suspension of dollar’s convertibility, 376

Reconstruction and return to, 148–149

Roosevelt and Great Depression, 272, 285

Goldwater, Barry, 182

Gompers, Samuel, 171, 172, 225, 227

Goodrich, Benjamin Franklin, 202

Goodyear, Charles, 201

Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company, 201–202

Google, Inc., 420–421

Gore, Al, 271

Gorgas, Josiah, 134

Gould, Jay, 157–158

government

Foreign Trade Zone 49 and private cooperation, 452–453

support of innovation, 203–208

support of manufacturing, 465

Government Accounting Office (GAO), 383

Government National Mortgage Association (Ginnie Mae), 444, 467

Grady, Henry, 175

Grain Stabilization Corporation, 276

Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act, 382

Grand Coulee Dam, 275–276, 304, 312, 318, 338–339

Grange, 179

Grant, Ulysses S., 135, 145, 158, 165

Great Compression, of incomes, 440–441

Great Depression.
See also
New Deal

causes explored, 271–275

Hoover’s attempts to handle, 275–283

stock market collapse and, 269–271

Great Dismantling.
See
New Deal, dismantling of

Great Migration, 176, 260

Great Northern Railroad, 156

Great Recession, 267, 272, 427, 448–449, 481

global imbalances and, 456

irrational fears of deficit, 454–456

origins, 272

Great Train Robbery, The
(film), 251

Greenspan, Alan, 439

Gribeauval, Jean-Baptiste, 96

grocery chains, 252–253

Groves, Leslie, 403

Guaranty Trust Company, 219

Guericke, Otto van, 190

Gulf Oil, 333, 335

Gulick, Luther, 297

Guthrie, Woody, 339

H1-B visa, 480

Haber, Fritz, 202

Haber-Bosch process, 202

Hale, David, 390

Hall, John H., 97

Halliburton, 285, 316

Hamilton, Alexander, 30–31, 71

assumption of state war debts by federal government, 33–36

Bank of New York and, 41–42

Bank of the United States and, 36

on banks and public utility, 469

developmental economics and, 12–13

Report on Manufactures, 2, 31, 37–39, 40, 104

state-sponsored economic development and, 2–3, 4, 36–47

study of political economy, 31–33

Hamilton, Alexander Jr., 114

Hamilton, Elizabeth Schuyler, 61

Hamilton, James, 113–114

Hammond, George, 40

Hammond, James Henry, 132

Hanch, Charles C., 242

Hanna, Mark, 222, 227

Hanson, P. R. “Roly,” 415

Harding, Warren G., 255, 257

Harford, George and John, 252

Harriman, Henry, 291

Hartford, George, 252

Harvey, William H. “Coin,” 179

Hatch Act (1887), 149–150, 203

Hawaii, 75

Hawley, Willis, 271

Hawley-Smoot Tariff, 271–272

Hay, John, 136, 180, 263

Hayek, Friedrich, 279

Haymarket Riot, 171–172

health care industry, in Next American Economy, 472–473, 475–477

health insurance.
See
employer-based benefits

Hearst, William Randolph, 164

Heinkel, Ernst, 405

Henry, Alexander, 68

Henry, Joseph, 94

Henry J. Kaiser Foundation, 319

Hepburn, William P., 227

Herndon, William, 118, 139

Hewes, George R. T., 21–22

Hewlett, Bill, 416

Hewlett-Packard, 416–417

Heyward, Nathaniel, 124

Higgins, Andrew Jackson, 319

high-speed rail, 466

Hill, James J., 156

Hillman, Sidney, 298

Hoe, Richard, 164

Hoffman, Felix, 203

holding companies, 216–217, 250, 336–337, 354

Holland, John Philip, 3

Hollerith, Herman, 407, 410

Home Ownership Loan Corporation, 289

Homestead Act, 149, 178

Hong Kong, 375, 432

Hoover, Herbert

associationalism of, 257–259, 289, 361

Great Depression and, 269, 275–283, 291

post–World War II, 332, 334

as secretary of commerce, 255–258, 265, 315, 361

tariffs and, 271

World War I and, 244–245, 270

Hoover Dam, 257, 276, 318, 338

Hopkins, Harry, 287, 341

Houdry, Eugene, 315

House, Edward Mandell, 299

housing

government support of expansion of, post–World War II, 341–342

mortgage interest tax deduction and, 442

securitization of mortgages, 444–446

Howard, Christopher, 442

Hudson Bay Company, 68, 74

Huerta, Dolores, 358

Huerta, Victoriano, 238

Hughes, Jonathan, 361

Hume, David, 31

Humphrey, George, 370

Hunt, H. L., 334, 360

Hurd v. Rock Island Bridge Company
, 143

Hurley, Edward, 243

Huxley, Aldous, 261

Hyatt, John Wesley, 203

hydroelectric dams, 257, 338

hyperlink concept, 419

Ibn Saud, 335

Iceland, 369

Ickes, Harold, 257

IG Farben, 313

Illinois, 118–119, 142–143

Illinois Central Railroad, 143

immigration

between 1840s and World War I, 168–170

labor markets and, 170–172, 364, 470

Lowell and welfare capitalism, 86

post–World War II, 359

to preindustrial United States, 39

quotas in early twentieth century, 259–260

import substitution policy, 45, 95, 104, 105, 141, 146, 147, 183, 257, 368, 428

income inequality.
See
maldistribution of income

income taxes

financing of Civil War and, 137–138

progressivism and Constitutional amendment, 230–231

World War I, 240–241

World War II, 325

India, 428, 457, 459

Indiana, 117–118

Indonesia, 429

indoor plumbing, 344

Industrial State, The
(Galbraith), 350–351

Industrial Workers of the World (Wobblies), 172

inflation in 1970s, 367–368

deregulation to control, 380–381, 386–388

information technology.
See
Third Industrial Revolution (information age)

infrastructure, policy proposals for Next American Economy, 466–467

innovation, policy proposals for Next American Economy, 461–463

Inouye, Daniel, 324

Insull, Samuel, 249–250, 336–337

integrated circuits, 414

Intel, 414, 416

interest rates, 387, 447

internal combustion engine, 191–192, 199–200

Internal Revenue Service, 138

International Business Machines (IBM), 373, 437

computer development, 407–414, 417

International General Electric (IGE), 259

International Harvester, 217

International Monetary Fund (IMF), 368, 429

International Telecommunications Satellite Organization (Intelsat), 406

International Telephone and Telegraph (IT&T), 366

Internet, 413, 419–421

Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC), 154, 347

Interstate Highway System, 110, 340–341

Interstate Oil Compact (IOC), 334

investment banks, 354, 440

culture of, 434–435

firewall between investment banks and, 385

firewall between savings and loans and, 363

“Morganization” and, 218–221

“I Paid My Income Tax Today” (song), 325–326

Iran, 335

Iraq, 335

ironclad ships, 137

Irving, Washington, 69

Jablochkoff, Paul N., 194

Jackson, Andrew, 108–109, 182

Bank of the United States and, 8–9, 81, 110, 111–117

Clay and, 109, 111, 114, 115

Clay’s American System and, 16

National Road and, 110–111

Tariff of Abominations and Nullification Crisis, 109–110, 140

War of 1812 and, 43

Jackson, Robert, 299

James, Edmund D., 147

Japan

Cold War and mercantilist policies, 371–373, 376, 428–429, 457

England and, 100

globalization, 428, 432

Great Recession and, 455

immigration policies, 479

import substitution, 146

manufacturing capacity, after World War I, 263

Next American economy and, 459

support of low-end industries, 86

US trade imbalance with, 388–390

World War II, 309–310, 397

Japanese Americans, in World War II, 324

Jarlson, Axel, 170

Jay Cooke & Co., 165

Jefferson, Thomas

Astor and, 69, 73

Bank of the United States, 36, 114

bias against manufacturing, 42–43, 46, 78

on Blanc’s factory, 96

Erie Canal and, 54

on Hamilton, 34

immigration and, 39

O-Grab-Me embargo and, 43, 69

patents and, 40

producerism and, 14–17, 182

slavery and, 57

US currency and, 37

Jenney, William Le Baron, 210

Jennings, Ken, 409–410

Jeopardy
, 409–410

jet engines, 404–405, 424, 427

Jevons, Stanley, 101

Jobs, Steve, 417

Jobs Corps, 359

Johnson, Andrew, 148

Johnson, Griff, 302

Johnson, Hugh, 288–289, 293

Johnson, Lyndon, 317, 338, 346

immigration and, 481

on Roosevelt, 305–306

Roosevelt and, 284

War on Poverty, 358–359, 370

Johnson, Robert Wood, 253

Johnston, William, 75

Joiner, C. M. “Dad,” 334

Joint American Study Company (Jasco), 313

Jones, Jesse, 284, 289

Jones, William, 71

Jones, William R., 162–163