Before the Storm (122 page)

414
“Kenneth Kassel, a lean”:
NYT quoted in Shadegg,
What Happened,
211. For Tony Schwartz theory, see Diamond and Bates,
The Spot,
146-47.

415 For decision to run campaign out of RNC, see WP, July 16, 1964; Lee Edwards,
Goldwater: The Man Who Made a Revolution
(Washington, D.C.: Regnery, 1995); and John Kessel,
The Goldwater Coalition: Republican Strategies in 1964
(Indianapolis : Bobbs-Merrill, 1968), 131.
“Neither to reward nor to purge”: Time,
July 26, 1964.

415 Purge detailed in Kessel,
Goldwater Coalition,
33 (for computer quote); SLPD, December 8, 1964; and Shadegg,
What Happened,
167, 274. For form letters to political science chairs at universities, see Thompson to “Director, Political Science Department,” August 25, 1964, AHF, Box W3/2. Leak quote from author interview with Lee Edwards.

415 For Moley advice, see Karl Hess,
In a Cause That Will Triumph: The Goldwater Campaign and the Future of Conservatism
(New York: Doubleday, 1967), 31; and Kessel,
Goldwater Coalition,
132.

415 For physicial reconstruction, see Shadegg,
What Happened,
175, 179; and White,
Making of the President
1964, 378. For frustrated regional offices, and law against selling material, see Shadegg,
What Happened,
187. For kitsch, see Roger A. Fischer,
Tippecanoe and Trinkets Too: The Material Culture of Americana Presidential Campaigns, 1828-1984
(Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1988); Summer 1982 special issue of
The Keynoter,
“A Choice, Not an Echo: The 1964 Campaign of Barry Goldwater”; and, for multilingual bumper stickers, F. Clifton White with William Gill,
Suite 3505: The Story of the Draft Goldwater Movement
(New Rochelle, N.Y.: Arlington House, 1967), 192. Dashboard doll and comic book in AC; “Cures for What Ails America” in LBJWH6-3.

416 Completed second floor described in Kessel,
Goldwater Coalition,
132-53 (for vote quota and communications systems); Edwards,
Goldwater,
238; White,
Making of the President
1964, 378-80; Shadegg,
What Happened,
170, 190; and author interview with Carol Dawson. For campaign plane communications, see Shadegg, 194. For strategy sessions, see Kessel,
Goldwater Coalition,
147; and Shadegg,
What Happened
, 270.

417 For preliminary poll, see Shadegg, 222.

417 For third floor, see Kessel,
Goldwater Coalition,
134, 218; Shadegg,
What Happened,
206-13; White with Gill,
Suite
3505, 210; “The Men Around Goldwater,” SEP, October 24, 1964; undated NYT article in Richard Dudman Papers, Library of Congress, AEI Folder; Hess,
In a Cause,
29; Grenier to BMG, February 8, 1965, DK, Box 2/Grenier, John; and author interviews with Charles Lichenstein and Thomas Pauken.

418 For campaign plane, see
Prescott Courier,
September 3, 1964, in SHBGS; AHFCP, vol. 2, picture 26; and Kitchel to Grenier, March 11, 1965, DK, Box 2/Grenier, John. For snubbing of donors, see Shadegg,
What Happened,
268.

418
Peanuts
cartoon is in Kessel,
Goldwater Coalition,
218.

418 For possible New York riots, see “The Gilligan Verdict—How Harlem Feels,” NYHT, September 8, 1964. For New York busing boycott, see NYT, September 3, 8, and 15, 1964. “Bussing” spelling is in September 2, 1964, press release, New Yorkers for Goldwater-Miller, ML, Box 92/Goldwater Campaign, and undated BMG speech text, pages 17-54, AHF, Box ⅛. Platform language is in
Proceedings of the 28th Republican National Convention
(Washington, D.C.: Republican National Committee, 1964), 276. “Father-son” decision is in NYT, August 25, 1964.
“He exploded”
: Martin to Moyers, September 22, 1964, LBJWHAM53.
The AFL-CIO budgeted $12 million:
Joel Seldin, “The AFL-CIO's $12 million Backlash Cost,” NYHT, September 8, 1964. For 53 to 47 poll, see Pam Rymer state-by-state summary, AHF, Box W¾. For Cornell affirmative action experiment, see Donald Alexander Downs,
Cornell '69: Liberalism and the Crisis of the American University
(Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1999), 49. For Salinger: Pierre Salinger,
With Kennedy
(Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1966), 390.

419 For “frontlash” hear, for example, LBJT, 6408.39/5.
“In pre-campaign figuring”: Time,
September 11, 1964. Sixteenth Congressional District: author interview with Angela Dillard. Endicott Peabody is in Branch,
Pillar of Fire,
502. For Thomas Poindexter, see Thomas J. Sugrue,
The Origins of
the
Urban Crisis: Race and Inequality in Postwar Detroit
(Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1996), 209-10, 227-28.

420 Flight to Detroit: Jack Bell,
The Johnson Treatment,
267.

420 For Cadillac Square speech, see PPP: LBJ, 1049; and Shadegg,
What Happened
, 210.

420
Was open to charges of deception:
Bundy to LBJ, September 23, 1964, cited in “LBJ's Nuke Strike Rules Revealed,” Associated Press, May 7, 1998; see also W. W. Rostow to Bundy, September 9, 1964, LBJWHM6-3.

420
“Every individual endeavors”
: Adam Smith,
The Wealth of Nations
(1776). For Friedman biography, see Milton Friedman and Rose Friedman,
Two Lucky People: Memoirs
(Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998). For refusing to speak to compulsory chapel, see ibid., 342.

421 For Friedman's popular lectures and debates, see “The Economists,”
Fortune,
December 1950; Edith Kermit Roosevelt,
Newark Sunday News,
February 22, 1959;
Cleveland Plain Dealer,
March 14, 1952; WP, November 18, 1963; and
Business
Week,
November 20, 1963 (all in Milton Friedman Papers, Box 1/Articles 1950-1963, HI).

421 For Joe Clark debate, see WP, June 4, 1961; and
Philadelphia Daily News,
June 4, 1961.

421
Friedman first wrote Goldwater:
Friedman to BMG, December 6, 1960, Friedman Papers, Box 27/Goldwater, Barry; BMG response is January 17, 1961. Letter after Clark debate is BMG to Friedman, July 16, 1961. For Baroody salon, I rely on author interview with Milton Friedman.

421 For Dodger Stadium scene, see Kurt Schuparra,
Triumph of the Right: The Rise of the California Conservative Movement, 1945-1966
(Armonk, N.Y.: M. E. Sharpe, 1998), 99; Julius Duscha, WP, September 9, 1964; Edwards,
Goldwater
, 294-95; Stewart Alsop, “Campaigner Goldwater,” SEP, September 26, 1964 (for “second-class citizen” quote); and AHFCP, vol. 3, pictures 24-33. Charton Heston quote is in Edwards,
Goldwater,
356. For San Diego, see AHFCP, vol. 3, pictures 17-18. Dodger Stadium speech is in FSA, Box 4.

423 For Friedman insight on steady fiscal policy, I rely on
Business Week,
September 26, 1964; and Friedman interview.

423 For figures on Johnson tax cut, see Margolis,
Last Innocent Year,
186-87.
“No one with the slightest understanding”
: Harold Faber, ed.,
The Road to the White House: The Story of the 1964 Election by the Staff of the New York Times
(New York: McGraw-Hill, 1965), 163.

423 For Seattle scene, see AHFCP, vol. 3, pictures 42-44 (for balloon); Edwards,
Goldwater,
294; Shadegg,
What Happened,
297; and SEP, October 24, 1964.

423 Seattle speech in FSA, Box 4.

424 For Harris poll, see NYT, September 14, 1964. For University of Michigan researchers, see Jamieson,
Packaging the Presidency,
204. LBJ's bombing decision is in H. R. McMaster,
Dereliction of Duty: Lyndon Johnson, Robert McNamara, the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and the Lies that Led to Vietnam
(New York: HarperCollins, 1997), 150-51; and Robert S. McNamara with Brian VanDeMark,
In Retrospect: The Tragedy and Lessons of Vietnam
(New York: Vintage, 1995), 151.

424 For second-floor agricultural memo, see Shadegg,
What Happened,
212, 231-35. Goldwater had a strong potential in the Plains states. In 1963 wheat farmers voted in a nonbinding nationwide referendum about maintaining the wheat acreage allotment program. The farmers voted against the program; their will was unheeded by the Agriculture Department. LBJ felt vulnerable on the issue, which was never exploited by BMG. Hear LBJ and Agriculture Secretary Orval Freeman, January 13, 1964, LBJT, 6401.13/4. For Minneapolis speech, see FSA, Box 4.
“Like a man looking at the world”:
WP editorial, September 12, 1964.

424 APSA scene is in SEP, October 24, 1964; AHFCP, vol. 3, pictures 9-15; Kessel,
Goldwater Coalition,
194; Edwards,
Goldwater,
312; and Shadegg,
What Happened,214-15.

425 For Harlan statement, see Shadegg, 214.

425
“The most exciting thing we've done”
:
Kessel, Goldwater Coalition,
195.

426
Harper's
and
The Progressive
quoted in precinct organization manual, Illinois
Goldwater for President Committee, AC. For endorsement statistics, see the magazine
Extra!
, July-August 1998.
“For the good of the Republican Party”
: SEP, September 19, 1964. For Bill Miller's hometown newspaper, see Valenti to Moyers, October 18, 1964, LBJWHAM, Box 30. For 1822, Luce, and Hearst, see White,
Making of the President 1964,
398. “Raw Deal” quote is in David M. Kennedy,
Freedom from Fear: The American People in Depression and War
(New York: Oxford University Press, 1999), 276. For Pulliam on Goldwater, see Russell Pulliam,
Publisher: Gene Pulliam: Last of the Newspaper Titans
(Ottawa, III.: Jameson Books, 1984), 250-58; and author interview with M. Stanton Evans. Johnson quote can be heard on LBJT, 6408.42/13.

426
“Readers of The Churchman”
: DNC press release, September 8, 1964, LBJWH6-3. Episcopalian triennial convention in Branch,
Pillar of Fire,
515. American Jewish Congress quoted in NR, June 22, 1998. For Cardinal Francis Spellman, hear LBJ and Robert Wagner, LBJT, 6408.19/3.
“This journal was founded”:
Hess,
In a Cause,
131. Tillich quote is in attachment to Rowe to Juanita, October 21, 1964, and Valenti memo, October 22, 1964, LBJWHAM, Box 30. King quoted in “Dr. King Foresees ‘Social Disruption' If Goldwater Wins,” NYT, September 13, 1964.

427
“We have an opportunity”:
Moyers to LBJ, July 17, 1964, LBJWHAM53.
The Churchman's
editorial was distributed in a DNC press release, September 8, 1964, LBJWH6-3 (for “America's Leaders Speak” letterhead). See also “The Goldwater Candidacy and the Christian Conscience,” in LBJWHNG. For Leonard Marks, see Dallek,
Flawed Giant,
173.

427 For the confusion over RNC public relations director, see SLPD, December 8, 1964; Kessel,
Goldwater Coalition,
139 (for hiring of inexperienced deputies); Grenier to Goldwater, February 8, 1965, DK, Box 2/Grenier, John; Kitchel to Lamb, March 30, 1966, DK, Box 2; and author interview with Lee Edwards.

427 National Conservative Council in GRR, July 15, 1964; Courtney pamphlet is cited in SLPD, December 8, 1964; Robert DePugh, Gerald L. K. Smith, and KKK are in GRR, August 15, 1964. For LBJ quote, hear conversation with Roy Wilkins, July 28, 1964, LBJT, 6407.16/1.

428 For Grenier strictures, see NYHTEN, August 23, 1964; for Edwards, see Kessel,
Goldwater Coalition,
139. For communications snafus and memo on memos, see ibid., 145. For the communications system's failure, see Kessel,
Goldwater
Coalition, 164. For overflow from teletypes, see White,
Making of the President 1964,
378.
20. CAMPAIGN TRAILS

429 For crowd response, Goldwater speaking style, and press accounts of Goldwater's Southern tour, see Thompson to Rymer, n.d., “The Goldwater Tour of the South,” AHF, Box W¾; and Sam Ragan, “Dixie Looked Away,”
American Scholar
34, no. 2 (1965).

429 Richard Rovere is cited in Ragan, “Dixie Looked Away.” For second-floor work, see Stephen Shadegg,
What Happened to Goldwater?: The Inside Story of the
1964 Republican Campaign
(New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 1965), 216-17; and Lee Edwards,
Goldwater: The Man Who Made a Revolution
(Washington, D.C.: Regnery, 1995), 295-96. For anti-demagoguery goal, see John Kessel,
The Goldwater Coalition: Republican Strategies in 1964
(Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1968),197.

430 For Charlotte, see SEP, October 24, 1964. For Atlanta, see citations in Thompson to Rymer, n.d., “The Goldwater Tour of the South.” For St. Petersburg, see Theodore H. White,
The Making of the President 1964
(New York: Atheneum, 1965), 398; Kessel,
Goldwater Coalition,
196; and citations in Thompson to Rymer. For defection of mayor, see Hayes to Carter, September 18, 1964, and LBJ to Poyntner, in LBJWHAM53. For Montgomery, see Heller to LBJ, September 18, 1964, LBJWH6-3. The “ineptitude” quote and the Southern belles episode are from the
Charlotte Observer,
cited in Thompson to Rymer. For Knoxville bumper stickers, see Sidney Warren,
The Battle for the Presidency
(Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1968), 368. For Fort Worth and West Virginia, see SEP, October 24, 1964.

431 For comprehensive account of Thurmond switch, see Arjen Westerhoff, “Politics of Protest: Strom Thurmond and the Development of the Republican Southern Strategy, 1948-1972” (master's thesis, American Studies Program, Smith College, 1997).

431 For Thurmond speech, see USN, September 28, 1964.
“My fellow extremists!”:
SEP, October 24, 1964.

431 For Milliken and Wallace negotiations, see Westerhoff, “Politics of Protest.”

432 For Leander Perez, see Taylor Branch, Pillar
of Fire: America in the King Years, 1963-1965
(New York: Simon and Schuster, 1998), 49; Jon Margolis,
The Last Innocent Year: America in 1964
:
The Beginning of the “Sixties”
(New York: Morrow, 1999), 334; and Eric Foner article in
The Nation,
November 8, 1999.