Born in the USA (53 page)

coalitions

Cochrane Library

communications, in doctor-midwife relations

community-based maternity services

community standard of practice

competition for patients

from ABCs

from midwives

complaint filing: hospitals

state medical boards

conditions of participation (CoP)

conferences

congenital defects in flawed home birth study

Connecticut midwife investigations/prosecutions

consent forms

consent rights.
See
informed consent

constitutional rights of patients.
See also
informed consent; patients' rights

consumer groups

control issues

in doctor-midwife relations

in doctor-patient relations

litigation and.
See also
autonomy

CoP (conditions of participation)

costs of maternity care

cesarean section

labor induction

midwife-attended births.
See also
health care spending

court-ordered interventions

C-sections

CPMs.
See
certified professional midwives

direct-entry midwives

Cruise Tom

C-section.
See
cesarean section; cesarean section rates; elective cesarean section

Cuba

cultural differences perception of labor pain

cultural issues

Cytotec: cost of

non-induction uses.
See also
Cytotec induction

Cytotec induction

ACOG on

action to oppose

AFE after

case histories

dosage/administration

faulty papers on

FDA approval status

fetal damage/deaths

history of

informed consent of patients

litigation

maternal deaths

media coverage

reasons for

statistics

unknown long-term effects

uterine hyperstimulation risks

uterine rupture and

VBAC cases

damages negligence cases

Danforth's Obstetrics

Darney P. D., Cytotec induction paper

Davis, Elizabeth

Davis-Floyd Robbie

Daviss Betty-Anne home birth study

death rates.
See
maternal mortality

perinatal mortality

infant mortality

defensive obstetrics

defensive AFE diagnoses.
See also
litigation
entries

DeLee Joseph

delivery: delays/scheduling for convenience

forceps delivery

vacuum extraction

Denmark

DES

Diary of a Midwife
(van Olphen-Fehr)

diethylstilbestrol

direct-entry midwives

legal status

licensing/regulation

training.
See also
midwife
entries

disciplinary actions against doctors

disciplinary actions against midwives.
See
midwife investigations/prosecutions

disclosure of information.
See
information disclosure

informed consent

doctor-caused adverse outcomes.
See
iatrogenic adverse outcomes

doctors: accountability fears/secrecy

disciplinary actions against

insulation from patients

public attitudes about.
See also
gynecologists; obstetricians

doulas

Down Came the Rain
(Shields)

drugs: contraindicated use of

government regulation

off-label use

patients' informed consent rights

regulation by litigation

reporting of adverse reactions.
See also
epidural block; labor induction/augmentation;
specific drugs by name

due date estimates

ectopic pregnancy

EDD estimates

education: childbirth education organizations

improving care provider training

public education

EFM (electronic fetal monitoring)

elective cesarean section

cost of

ethical issues

maternal mortality risk.
See also
cesarean section; cesarean section rates

electronic fetal monitoring

Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act (EMTALA)

empowerment of women and families

education and

self-help women's groups.
See also
autonomy of birthing women; patients' rights

EMTALA (Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act)

epidural block

episiotomy

ethical guidelines, patients' rights

European health care regulation/monitoring

European maternity care: ABCs

autonomy of women/midwives

C-section rates

midwifery

number of midwife-attended births

obstetrical training by midwives

out-of-hospital birth

women supporting midwives.
See also specific countries

evidence-based practice

failure to use

midwifery as

trend toward.
See also
research

failure to progress

consequences of

false science

flawed home birth study

The Farm

fathers

damage awards for

FDA

Cytotec approval status

Cytotec induction warnings

drug approval informed consent rights

Pitocin approval

research consent requirements

fecal incontinence

federal funding: hospitals

maternity care provider education

federal law, patients' rights

federal legislation: improvement efforts

medical liability reform

female genital mutilation, episiotomy as

fetal brain damage

Cytotec-related

fetal distress

fetal-maternal rights conflicts

fetal monitoring, electronic

fetal oxygen deprivation

fetal X-rays

fever

FIGO (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics)

First Amendment rights

follow-up care

follow-up research needs

Food and Drug Administration.
See
FDA
entries

forceps delivery

Fourth Amendment rights

Franklin, Benjamin

Freud, Sigmund

Frontier Nursing Service

Frontier School of Midwifery and Family Nursing

gag orders

Gaskin, Ina May

George Washington University Hospital

Germany

The Girlfriends' Guide to Pregnancy

Goer Henci

Goldberg, Alisa

Cytotec induction paper

Gordon, Alexander

government regulation

artificial reproductive services

drugs

midwives

national health care and.
See also
state medical boards

grassroots groups/coalitions

Greenberg, M. B., Cytotec induction paper

group practices, midwives and obstetricians

Guidelines for Perinatal Care
(ACOG)

A Guide to Effective Care in Pregnancy and Childbirth

gynecologists

HAIs (hospital-acquired infections)

Health Affairs Journal

health care industry, research influence

health care quality, U.S.

health care spending

health insurance

national health care

Health Research Group

hemorrhage

high-risk births/care

Hippocrates

HMOs

Holmes, Oliver Wendell

home birth investigations.
See also
midwife investigations/prosecutions

home births

ACOG policy

backup for

current trends

doctors'/hospitals'

antipathy for

Europe

hospital transfers

legality

media reporting

outcome research

planned vs. unplanned

safety

shift away from

VBAC.
See also
midwife-attended births; out-of-hospital births

home health care, postpartum

Horney Karen

hospital-acquired infections (HAIs)

hospital birth centers

hospital births: vs. ABC births

safety/risks of

transferred out-of-hospital births

videotaping.
See also
interventions; medicalization of birth;
specific procedures

hospital consent forms

hospital IRBs

hospital peer review committees

hospitals

advertising hype

antipathy for out-of-hospital births

complaint processes

lack of transparency

legal duties to patients

Mother/Baby Friendly Hospital Initiatives

nurse-midwives in

patient authority in

patient dumping

patient liaisons

state reporting by

tribal loyalties in

VBAC prohibitions

humanized birth: activism and advocacy groups

fundamental principles

global cycles.
See also
improving maternity care

husbands, damage awards for

hyperstimulation.
See
uterine hyperstimulation

hypoxia.
See
fetal oxygen deprivation

iatrogenic adverse outcomes.
See also
litigation; malpractice

ICAN (International Cesarean Awareness Network)

Illinois ABC ban

improving maternity care

activism examples

appropriate role of obstetricians

better accountability/transparency

coalitions and advocacy groups

educating care providers

encouraging out-of-hospital births

fundamental principles

high-risk care

individual actions

involving public health departments

midwives for low-risk births

national health care

political action

potential cost savings

preserving litigation rights

public education

research improvements

Ina May's Guide to Childbirth
(Gaskin)

incontinence

induction.
See
labor induction/augmentation; Cytotec induction

infant formula

infant mortality rates.
See also
perinatal mortality

infection

information disclosure: improving

inadequate

maternal mortality

national health care and

patients' right to

state laws.
See also
informed consent

informed consent

case law

drug approval status

drug-induced labor

elective cesarean section

epidural block

hospital consent forms

legal bases of

research subjects

insurance fraud elective cesarean section

insurance industry.
See also
malpractice insurance

international birthing practices

changes in

worthy models.
See also specific countries and regions

International Cesarean Awareness Network (ICAN)

International Conference on Humanization of Birth

International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO)

international mortality rates

Internet support groups

interventions: ABC vs. hospital births

common unsupported interventions

court-ordered

EFM and

factors driving use of

HAI risk and

lack of scientific basis

low-tech interventions

midwife-attended births

new, approaches to introducing

prenatal screenings

prevalence statistics

research needs

right to refuse

unknown long-term effects. See
also specific interventions

intrauterine brain damage

intrauterine growth retardation

Inuit people, midwifery among

IRBs (institutional review boards)

Italy

Japanese birth houses

Japanese health care spending

Johnson, Kenneth home birth study

Journal of the Society of Obstetricians and Gynecologists of Canada

Kaiser Permanente

Kitzinger, Sheila

Krugman, Paul

labor: autonomic nature of

mother's position during

myths about

labor and delivery nurses

labor care

ABCs vs. hospitals

case histories

continuous care

doulas

midwives

obstetricians

labor induction/augmentation

ABC vs. hospital births

AFE and

alternative stimulation methods

case histories

C-section and

informed consent

labor pain and

litigated cases

medical indications

for post-term pregnancies

risks of

U.S. rates/trends.
See also
Cytotec induction

labor pain.
See also
epidural block

The Lancet

Latin America.
See also
Brazil

lawsuits.
See
litigation

lawyers

lay midwives.
See also
direct-entry midwives

L&D nurses

leaking urine

learning disabilities

life expectancy

litigation

against midwives

Cytotec induction cases

doctors as witnesses

doctors' responsibility for

gag orders

lack of transparency and

malpractice crisis

malpractice defense strategies

outcome research

over forced/refused C-sections

positive functions

reasons for

settlement caps

settlements

standards of practice in

statistics

tort reform efforts.
See also
informed consent; litigation fear; malpractice
entries;
patients' rights

litigation fear