Breast Imaging: A Core Review (45 page)

Answer choice B is incorrect because of the longer exposure time, the likelihood of motion artifact increases. An exposure of 90 mAs is usually acceptable for most patients. A desired exposure time is usually between 0.5 and 2 seconds. Shorter the exposure time, the greater the production of noise artifacts and grid lines. The longer the exposure time, the increased risk of motion and overexposure.

Answer choice C is incorrect because increasing mAs increases the radiation dose.

Answer choice E is incorrect because density refers to the blackness of an image. The degree of image blackness is directly related to the intensity of the radiation reaching the film or intensifying screen. Increasing mAs results in increase in density.

Reference: Curry TS III, Dowdey JE, Murry RC Jr.
Christensen’s Physics of Diagnostic Radiology
. 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lea & Febiger; 1990:149, 153.

A

Abscess

Apocrine cyst cluster

Atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH)

B

Bilateral breast edema

Bilateral diagnostic mammography

Breast cancer

abnormal interpretation rate

breast conservation surgery

calcific particles

detection rate

fat necrosis

fibrocystic change

histopathologic subtype

interval cancers

local recurrence, breast conservation therapy

lymph nodes draining

male

metastasis, contralateral breast primary

neoadjuvant chemotherapy

pleural effusion

pregnancy-associated

prevalence of

risk factor for

screening for

American Cancer Society (ACS) recommendations

anatomic structure, normal breast

BRCA1/BRCA2 mutation carriers

breast-specific gamma imaging

CC view, lesion location

decrease in breast density

differential diagnosis

HER2 positive

initial imaging modality

keyhole sign

linguine sign

milk of calcium

MRI (
see
Magnetic resonance imaging)

nipple elevation

pleomorphic calcifications

shape and margins of mass

simple cysts

sternalis muscle

subcapsular line sign

triangulation method

ultrasound

unilateral right breast skin thickening

unilateral/bilateral patchy isotope uptake

second-degree relative

surveillance and treatment for

TNM staging classification

Breast hamartoma

Breast intervention

antiplatelet/anticoagulation therapy

bracketing technique, wire placement

breast-conserving therapy, contraindications

calcium oxalate crystals

chest wall lesion

collagen vascular decrease

fluid aspiration

galactography

lidocaine with epinephrine dosage

percutaneous biopsy

sentinel lymph node biopsy

seroma

stereotactic biopsy

acetaminophen

atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH)

device

florid epithelial hyperplasia

needle retraction

parallax shift

patient positioning

postwire localization

spinal needle use

stroke margin

surgical biopsy

x and y coordinates

x-ray tube angling

topical lidocaine

ultrasound-guided wire localization

Breast-conserving therapy

Breast-specific gamma imaging

C

Calcifications

calcium phosphate

dermal

fine pleomorphic

linear

linear branching

lucent centered

milk of calcium

pleomorphic

polarized light microscopy

popcorn-like

round

secretory

tangential view

tissue sampling

D

Diabetic fibrous mastopathy (DFM)

Diabetic mastopathy

Duct ectasia

Ductal carcinoma, invasive

retroglandular clear space

upper inner quadrant

Ductography

E

Elastography

F

Fat necrosis

Fibroadenolipoma

Fibroadenomas

Filariasis

Florid epithelial hyperplasia

Focal fibrosis

G

Galactocele

Galactography

Giant fibroadenoma

Gynecomastia

H

Hematoma

I

Infiltrating lobular carcinoma

Inflammatory carcinoma

Intracapsular rupture

keyhole sign

linguine sign

subcapsular line sign

Intramammary lymph node

J

Juvenile fibroadenoma

L

Lipoma

Lisch nodules

Lobular carcinoma, invasive

M

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

BI-RADS category

breast cancer

age considerations

duct ectasia

Hodgkin disease, clinical indicator

indication for

lifetime risk percentage

optimal timing of

T1 without fat saturation

fat necrosis

flap edema

ghosting artifact

inhomogeneous fat saturation artifact

intramammary lymph node

intravenous gadolinium use

invasive lobular carcinoma

irregular breast mass, spiculated margins

mass-like enhancement

multicentric disease

multifocal disease

nonmass-like enhancement, kinetic interrogation

patient motion/ghosting artifact

phase wrap/aliasing artifact

postoperative cavity site

premenopausal

prepectoral implant

rim enhancement

silicone implant

susceptibility artifact

tumor muscle invasion, muscle enhancement

Mammography

accurate positioning, MLO views

American Cancer Society (ACS) recommendations

American College of Radiology guidelines

bilateral secretory calcifications

bilateral subpectoral saline breast implants

BI-RADS 2 assessment

BI-RADS 5 category

BI-RADS category

BRCA1/BRCA2 mutation carriers

breast hamartoma

breast positioning

cancer detection rate

cancer sensitivity

chin artifact, MLO view

compression

compression plate and imaging receptor

computer-aided detection (CAD)

continuing education requirements

decrease in breast density

deodorant artifact

detector interface line

diffuse increased trabecular thickening

document interpretation, additional training

epidermal inclusion cyst

false negative

fibroadenolipoma

film labeling

follow-up, positive mammograms

free silicone injection

free silicone, intracapsular and extracapsular rupture

galactocele

grid artifacts

gynecomastia

hair artifact

hematoma

image blurring

increased positive predictive value (PPV)

increasing asymmetry

inferior lesions

inflammatory carcinoma

irregular mass margins

lateral-medial (LM) view, calcifications

linear calcification

lipoma

Lisch nodules

lucent centered calcification

malignancy percentage

mass location

mass with calcifications