Brontës (218 page)

82.
Ibid., p.2[
LCB
, iii, 94–5]; CB to EN, 2Jan 1853: MS p.3, Law, photograph in MCP [
LCB
, iii, 101].

83.
Ibid., p.2[
LCB
, iii, 101].

84.
CB to Mrs Smith, 30 Dec 1852: MS SG 16b pp.1–2, BPM [
LCB
, iii, 96].

85.
CB to EN, [?9Dec 1852]: MS Montague [
LCB
, iii, 91].

86.
CB to EN, 11 Jan 1853: MS HM 26001 pp.1–3, Huntington [
LCB
, iii, 102–3]. In Smith,
A Memoir
, 15 he describes the punishing routine he followed at this time, dictating to 2clerks while 2others were occupied in copying. ‘It was a common thing for me and many of the clerks to work until three or four o'clock in the morning, and occasionally, where there was but a short interval between the arrival and departure of the Indian mails, I used to start work at nine o'clock of one morning, and neither leave my room nor cease dictating until seven o'clock the next evening, when the mail was despatched.'

87.
CB to GS, 26 Mar 1853: MS SG 81 p.2, BPM [
LCB
, iii, 142].

88.
CB to EN, 11 Jan 1853: MS HM 26001 pp.3–4, Huntington [
LCB
, iii, 103].

89.
CB to EN, 19 Jan 1853: MS HM 26002 p.2, Huntington [
LCB
, iii, 108]; Smith,
A Memoir
, 91.

90.
CB to GS, 30 Oct 1852: MS SG 74 p.3, BPM [
LCB
, iii, 75]. Harriet Beecher Stowe's novel
Uncle Tom's Cabin
(1852) was thinly disguised propaganda for the abolitionist cause in America.

91.
CB to ECG, 12 Jan 1853: MS EL fB91 p.3, Rylands [
LCB
, iii, 104].

92.
Ibid., p.3[
LCB
, iii, 104].

93.
CB to EN, 28 Jan [1853]: MS p.2, Law, photograph in MCP [
LCB
, iii, 113], mentioning Ellen's copy; CB to EN, 19 Jan 1853: MS HM 26002 p.2, Huntington [
LCB
, iii, 108]; Miss Wooler's inscribed copy is in Louis Clarke Case 4g, Fitzwilliam, and a sale notice of Dr Forbes' copy is to be found inside it.

94.
CB to ECG, 24 Feb 1853: MS EL fB91 p.3, Rylands [
LCB
, iii, 127].

95.
CB to EN, 28 Jan [1853]: MS p.3, Law, photograph in MCP [
LCB
, iii, 113]; Smith,
A Memoir
, 95 acknowledges the mutual unease created by
Villette
.

96.
PB to CB, Jan 1853: MS BS 196 pp.1–2, BPM [
LCB
, iii, 105–6]. Johann Kaspar Lavater (1741–1801), a Swiss pastor, founded physiognomics, the science of judging a person's character by their face. The ‘Australian Diggins' is a reference to the recent Antipodean Gold Rush: Nicholls was planning to emigrate as a missionary there: see below p.845.

97.
[PB] ‘Old Flossy' to CB, Jan 1853: MS BS 193 pp.1–2, BPM [
LCB
, iii, 107].

98.
ABN to the Secretary of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel, 28 Jan 1853,
with accompanying questionnaire: MSS in the archives, USPG.

99.
Revd Sutcliffe Sowden to the Secretary of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel, 31 Jan 1853: MS pp.2, 4, USPG. Sowden had also been Branwell's friend: see above, pp.434.

100.
Revd Joseph B. Grant, to Revd W.J. Bullock, Society for the Propagation of the Gospel, 1 Feb 1853: MS p.1, USPG.

101.
Revd William Cartman to the Secretary of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel, 31 Jan 1853: MS pp.1–2, 4, USPG.

102.
PB to Revd W.J. Bullock, Society for the Propagation of the Gospel, 31 Jan 1853: MS pp.1–2, USPG [
LRPB
, 215].

103.
ABN to the Secretary of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel, 28 Jan 1853: MS p.1, USPG.

104.
CB to EN, 28 Jan 1853: MS p.3, Law, photograph in MCP [
LCB
, iii, 113].

105.
EB to EN, [22 Nov 1852]: MS p.1, Harvard [
LCB
, iii, 85].

106.
Unsigned review [Albany Fonblanque or John Forster],
Examiner
, 5 Feb 1853 pp.84–5[Allott, 175]; unsigned review,
Literary Gazette
, 5Feb 1853 pp.123–5[Allott, 178].

107.
See, for example, unsigned review,
Athenaeum
, 12 Feb 1853 pp.186–7 [Allott, 188]; unsigned review,
Critic
, 15 Feb 1853 pp.94–5[Allott, 192]. Even Harriet Martineau thought Paulina and her father the best drawn characters in the book: HM,
Daily News
, 3 Feb 1853 p.2[Allott, 174].

108.
Unsigned review,
Spectator
, 12 Feb 1853 pp.155–6 [Allott, 182].

109.
Unsigned review,
Guardian
, 23 Feb 1853 pp.128–9 [Allott, 193]; CB to WSW, 9Mar 1853: MS HM 26009 p.2, Huntington [
LCB
, iii, 132].

110.
HM,
Daily News
, 3Feb 1853 p.2[Allott, 172–4]. HM,
Autobiography
, 382 recounts how the 2women had disagreed about Catholicism when it appeared as an issue in Martineau's abandoned novel ‘Oliver Weld'. Martineau had claimed credit for Catholics as far as their good works extended, to which Charlotte replied ‘Their good deeds I don't dispute; but I regard them as the hectic bloom on the cheek of disease. I believe the Catholics, in short, to be always doing evil that good may come, or doing good that evil may come'.

111.
ABN copy of HM to CB, [Feb 1853]: MS HM 93 p.5, Birmingham [
LCB
, iii, 117]. This is Nicholls' transcript from Martineau's original letter, not the bowdlerized version she gave Gaskell from memory for inclusion in later editions of her biography: ECG,
Life
, Haworth Edn., 595–8.

112.
CB to HM, [Feb 1853]: MS n.l. [
LCB
, iii, 118]. Charlotte added the postscript, ‘To differ from you gives me keen pain.'

113.
W.M. Thackeray to Lucy Baxter, 11 Mar 1853 [Allott, 97–8].

114.
CB to G.H. Lewes, [Jan 1850]: MS Add 39763(7), BL [
LCB
, iii 330]: see above, p.725.

115.
CB to GS, 26 Mar 1853: MS SG 81 pp.2–3, BPM [
LCB
, iii, 142].

116.
CB to MW, 13 Apr 1853: MS FM 21 pp.3–4, Fitzwilliam [
LCB
, iii, 154].

CHAPTER TWENTY-FIVE: TOMKINS TRIUMPHANT

Title: referring to Charlotte: ‘she wants some Tomkins or another to love her and be in love with. But you see she is a little bit of a creature without a penny worth of good looks, thirty years old I should think, buried in the country, and eating up her own heart there, and no Tomkins will come': W.M. Thackeray to Lucy Baxter, 11 Mar 1853 [Allott, 97–8].

1.
CB to EN, 15 Feb 1853: MS HM 26003 p.2, Huntington [
LCB
, iii, 123].

2.
PB to GS, 7Feb 1853: MS File 10 no.2, JMA [
LCB
, iii, 120–1]; PB to Edward Baines, 7Feb 1853: MS in private hands [
LCB
, iii, 121]; CB to GS 16 Feb 1853: MS SG 80 pp.3–4, BPM [
LCB
, iii, 124];
LI
, 19 Feb 1853 p.3.

3.
PB to Hugh Brontè, 20 Jan 1853, inscription in
Jane Eyre
: HAOBP:bb236, BPM [
LRPB
, 214]. The difference in accents on the Brontë name suggests that the Irish Brontës had not yet adopted the diaeresis which the Haworth Brontës had used for many years. Patrick himself only used the diaeresis after Charlotte became famous and when he remembered to do so: the distinction in usage here is therefore particularly significant. It is not noticed in
LRPB
, 214.

4.
CB to EN, 10 Mar 1853: MS p.1, Law, photograph in MCP [
LCB
, iii, 134]; CB to [?WSW], 29 Mar 1853: MS BS 87 pp.3–4, BPM [
LCB
, iii, 146].

5.
CB to GS, 16 Feb 1853: MS SG 80 p.2, BPM [
LCB
, iii, 142].

6.
CB to GS, 26 Feb 1853: MS SG 17b p.1, BPM [
LCB
, iii, 128]. The portrait [HAOBP:P45, BPM] joined Smith's other gifts, the portraits of Wellington and Charlotte herself (see above, p.766) in the parsonage dining-room, where it still hangs today. Charlotte's first reaction on seeing
Thackeray's portrait was to stand silently for a few minutes then say ‘There came a Lion out of Judah': Smith,
A Memoir
, 100–1. The quote is from Revelations ch.5 v.5and fore-tells the coming of Christ.

7.
CB to GS, 26 Mar 1853: MS SG 81 p.4, BPM [
LCB
, iii, 142].

8.
CB to WSW, 23 Mar 1853: MS pp.2–3, Texas [
LCB
, iii, 138].

9.
ECG,
Life
, 414; CB to WSW, 23 Mar 1853: MS p.3, Texas [
LCB
, iii, 139].

10.
CB to WSW, 9Mar 1853: MS HM 26009, Huntington [
LCB
, iii, 132–3]; CB to WSW, 23 Mar 1853: MS pp.1–2, Texas [
LCB
, iii, 139], which has two pages concerning Williams's son Frank who had emigrated to Australia: Charlotte had not taken such an interest in a member of Williams' family since procuring Frank's introduction to Mrs Gaskell when he was an aspirant artist: see CB to WSW, 6 Nov 1851: MS HM 24400, Huntington, and CB to ECG, 6Nov 1851: MS EL fB91, Rylands [
LCB
, ii, 709–11].

11.
CB to EN, 4 Mar 1853: MS Gr. E23 pp.1–2, BPM [
LCB
, iii, 129].

12.
ECG,
Life
, 429; Charles Longley to his wife, 2 Mar 1853: MS Lambeth [Brian Wilks, ‘A Bishop, Bed and Breakfast, a Mystery Dessert and a Poignant Letter: Material Found Among the Papers of Dr Charles Longley, Archbishop of Canterbury', BST:32:2:91]. Longley has a different slant on ‘his' intervention. ‘We had a young clergyman to supper here who would talk about her books, but she soon gave him to understand that she did not like the subject': ibid, 92. Wilks says that the ‘young clergyman' must have been Nicholls, but this would have been totally out of character and Gaskell's account suggests it was more likely to have been Grant.

13.
CB to EN, 4Mar 1853: MS Gr. E23 pp.4–5, BPM [
LCB
, iii, 129–30].

14.
CB to MW, 12 Apr 1854: MS FM 26 pp.4–5, Fitzwilliam [
LCB
, iii, 243]; CB to EN, 4Mar 1853: MS Gr. E23 pp.2, 3, BPM [
LCB
, iii, 129].

15.
BO
, 17 Mar 1853 p.5; CB to EN, 6Apr 1853: MS Gr. E24 pp.2–3, BPM [
LCB
, iii, 148]; CB to EN, 18 Apr 1853: MS pp.3–4, Law, photograph in MCP [
LCB
, iii, 157].

16.
CB to WSW, 23 Mar 1853: MS p.3, Texas [
LCB
, iii, 139].

17.
Ibid.; CB to EN, [22 Mar 1853]: MS p.4, Law, photograph in MCP [
LCB
, iii, 137];
LI
, 2Apr 1853 p.7. The collections after the sermons were for the church organist: the paper notes the efficiency of the choir and that ‘Haworth has been celebrated for vocalists and music, and musical composers for upwards of a century.'

18.
ABN to the Secretary of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel, 1 Apr 1853: MS pp.1–2, USPG. He had already put off a proffered interview in London in February ‘owing to the solicitation of friends' who had led him to doubt the ‘desirableness of leaving the Country at present –': ABN to the Secretary of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel, 26 Feb 1853: MS pp.1–2, USPG. Charlotte reported rumours that Nicholls had found another curacy in CB to EN, 6Apr 1853: MS Gr. E24 p.3, BPM [
LCB
, iii, 148].

19.
Ibid., pp.3–6[
LCB
, iii, 148–9].

20.
CB to ECG, 24 Feb 1853: MS EL fB91 p.4, Rylands [
LCB
, iii, 127]; CB to ECG, 14 Apr 1853: MS BS 89 p.1, BPM [
LCB
, iii, 156].

21.
CB to ECG, 22 May 1852: MS EL fB91 pp.3–4, Rylands [
LCB
, iii, 48].

22.
ECG,
Life
, 431, 432. Gaskell does not name the Yorkshire friend who sent the letter but CB to EN, [?22 Apr 1853]: MS n.l. [
LCB
, iii, 158] makes it clear it was Ellen. She was about to stay with the Upjohns at Gorleston where Charlotte expected she would be comfortable ‘unless the house be really haunted as Mr Clapham supposed': CB to EN, 19 May 1853: MS p.2, Berg [
LCB
, iii, 166].

23.
ECG,
Life
, 431.

24.
ECG to [?John Forster], [?late Apr 1853] [C&P, 231]; ECG,
Life
, 431–2.

25.
Ibid., 432–3; ECG to John Forster, 3 May 1853 [
LCB
, iii, 160]; CB to GS, 26 Mar 1853: MS SG 81 p.6, BPM [
LCB
, iii, 143], which Gaskell quotes to illustrate Charlotte's argument.

26.
Brian Kay and James Knowles, ‘The “Twelfth Night” Charlotte Saw',
BST
:15:78:242–3.

27.
ECG to John Forster, 3May 1853 [
LCB
, iii, 159]. Gaskell goes on to say ‘I was so sorry for her! She has had so little kindness & affection shown to her. She said that she was afraid of loving me as much as she could, because she had never been able to inspire the kind of love she felt.' This was an odd remark, particularly in the light of Nicholls's sufferings at this time, but Charlotte had similarly told Ellen ‘I am afraid of caring for you too much': CB to EN, [?26 Oct 1852]: MS n.l. [
LCB
, iii, 73].

28.
CB to ECG, Apr 1853: MS n.l. [
LCB
, iii, 159]; CB to ECG, 9July 1853: MS EL fB91 p.4, Rylands [
LCB
, iii, 183]; ECG to John Forster, 3May 1853 [
LCB
, iii, 160].

29.
CB to EN, 31 Oct 1852: MS HM 24500
pp.1, 2, Huntington [
LCB
, iii, 76]; CB to EN, [
c
.5 Nov 1852]: MS at Wellesley [
LCB
, iii, 79].

30.
MT to EN, May–21 July 1853: MS pp.1–2, Berg [
LCB
, iii, 163]. Stevens, 110–17 gives the best account of the whole Upjohn saga.

31.
CB to EN, [?13 June 1853]: MS n.l. [
LCB
, iii, 175].

32.
CB to EN, 16 May 1853: MS pp.2–5, Brotherton [
LCB
, iii, 165–6].