Cleopatra: Last Queen of Egypt (51 page)

Nabateans
97
,
162

Napoleon Bonaparte
121

Narmer
112
,
113

Narmer Palette
112–13

nationalism
19

Naukratis (Kom Ge’if)

temple to Amen
222

Greek law
242
n
5

city-port of
18

the only legal outlet for Greek merchandise in Egypt
18

Nea Isis (New Isis)
139

Nectanebo II (Nakhthorheb), King of Egypt
3
,
15
,
130
,
131–2
,
194
,
241
n
3

Nefertiti (queen consort)
241
n
2
,
247
n
26

Berlin bust
63

Nekhbet (goddess of southern Egypt)
69
,
119
,
122

Nemeseion, Alexandria
80

Nemesis (Greek goddess of divine retribution)
80

Nephthys
24
,
115

Neptune
208

Nero, Emperor
159

New Kingdom
15
,
24
,
45
,
71
,
86
,
129

New York: Cleopatra’s Needle, Central Park
91–2

Nicomedes, King of Bithynia
55
,
56
,
57

Nikolaus of Damascus
7
,
33

Nile Delta
15
,
20
,
37
,
76
,
184

unified with the Nile Valley
1

attitude to the Nile Valley
14

rebellion in
227

Nile River
15
,
31
,
41
,
77
,
89
,
104
,
182

differs in its behaviour from other rivers
16
,
17

erratic floods
38
,
40
,
46

lowest flooding ever recorded
51

Canopic branch of the
72
,
79
,
97

the gods sail on
86
,
99

pharaohs sail up and down
98–9

dotted with minor palaces
99

source of
100
,
200
,
257
n
6

and Isis
115

Amelia B. Edwards’s cruise
122–3

low inundations during Cleopatra VII’s

reign
140

Nile Valley
1
,
14
,
76
,
78

Nitocris, Queen
241
n
2

nomarchs
19

nomen
119

nomes (
nomoi
) (administrative districts)
19
,
243
n
8

North, Sir Thomas
213

North Africa
103

Nubia
225

Nubians
31

Numidia
199–200

Nut (sky goddess)
24
,
115

O

obelisks
91–2
,
203–4

Octavia
7–8
,
159
,
161
,
164–5
,
170
,
174
,
188
,
199
,
206
,
238
,
254
n
35

Octavian
4
,
7
,
92
,
102
,
168

background
173

visits Alexander’s tomb
74–5

and Caesar’s will
107

second triumvirate
143

as Caesar’s true heir
101
,
143
,
144
,
145
,
206

controls most of Rome’s western empire
144

illness
144

circulates rumours of relationship to Apollo
145

Cleopatra unable to seduce him
152

erodes support for Antony in Rome
158

Fulvia and Lucius oppose
158–9

agreement to renew the triumvirate
161

and Antony’s agreement with Cleopatra
162

defeats Sextus Pompey
164

relationship with Antony breaks down
165–6
,
169
,
171
,
173

struggles to finance a fleet
173

declares war on Cleopatra
175

battle of Actium
176–80

Cleopatra and Antony attempt to influence him
184

use of Cleopatra’s treasure
187
,
204

meeting with Cleopatra
188–9

Cleopatra murder theory
256
n
16

coinage
196

annexes Egypt (30)
2
,
198
,
237

authorises Cleopatra’s burial
186
,
196

renames the eighth month after himself
202–3

claims Egypt as his own personal estate
203

orders destruction of Cleopatra’s images
58

manipulates his personal history for posterity
205–6

offering formulae
252
n
4

Old Kingdom
15
,
67
,
111

Olympias
132
,
219

Olympic Games
30

Olympus
86

Olympus (Cleopatra’s physician)
7
,
209

Omnophris (a priest)
44

Omphale, Queen of Lydia
146
,
208

Oppius, Caius
101

Orsenouphis
248
n
18

Osiris (fertility god)
12
,
24
,
41
,
67
,
88
,
89
,
115
,
116
,
117
,
118
,
121
,
131
,
133
,
172
,
222

Osor-Apis
89

ostraca
6

Oxyrhynchus
37

P

Palestine
34
,
222

Pantheon, Rome
153

papyri
6
,
22

Paraetonium (modern Mersa Matruh)
181
,
184

Parthia
169

king of
143

Parthian campaign

Antony captures Samosata (Samsat)
160

becomes a humiliating disaster
164

Parthian empire
4
,
145

Parthians
47
,
158
,
161
,
165

‘Partners in Death, The’ drinking club
182

Pasherenptah III
11
,
30
,
44
,
141–2