Collected Short Fiction (3 page)
Read Collected Short Fiction Online
Authors: V. S. Naipaul
Tags: #Literary, #Fiction, #General, #Short Stories (Single Author), #Trinidad and Tobago, #Trinadad and Tobago, #Short Stories
1940
LITERARY CONTEXT:
Hemingway:
For Whom
the Bell Tolls
.
Greene:
The Power and the
Glory
.
HISTORICAL EVENTS:
Fall of France; Battle of Britain.
1941
LITERARY CONTEXT:
Fitzgerald:
The Last
Tycoon
.
HISTORICAL EVENTS:
Japanese attack Pearl Harbor; USA enters war. Hitler invades USSR.
1942
LITERARY CONTEXT:
Eliot:
Four Quartets
.
Camus:
The Stranger
.
HISTORICAL EVENTS:
Rommel defeated at El Alamein.
1943–8
AUTHOR’S LIFE:
Attends Queen’s Royal College, Port of Spain.
1943
HISTORICAL EVENTS:
Allied invasion of Italy.
1944
HISTORICAL EVENTS:
Allied landings in Normandy.
1945
LITERARY CONTEXT:
Orwell:
Animal Farm
.
Waugh:
Brideshead Revisited
.
Borges:
Fictions
.
HISTORICAL EVENTS:
Defeat of Germany. Atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. End of World War II. Foundation of the United Nations.
1947
HISTORICAL EVENTS:
Indian independence. Cold War develops.
1948
LITERARY CONTEXT:
Greene:
The Heart of the
Matter
.
Paton:
Cry, the Beloved Country
.
HISTORICAL EVENTS:
Jewish state of Israel comes into existence. Apartheid introduced in South Africa. Gandhi assassinated in India.
1949
LITERARY CONTEXT:
Orwell:
Nineteen Eighty-Four
.
HISTORICAL EVENTS:
Chinese Revolution. Foundation of NATO.
1950–54
AUTHOR’S LIFE:
University College, Oxford; settles in England.
1950
HISTORICAL EVENTS:
Korean War (to 1953)
1951
LITERARY CONTEXT:
Frost:
Complete Poems
.
Salinger:
The Catcher in the Rye
.
1952
LITERARY CONTEXT:
Beckett:
Waiting for
Godot
.
Steinbeck:
East of Eden
.
HISTORICAL EVENTS:
Eisenhower elected US President. Accession of Elizabeth II.
1953
LITERARY CONTEXT:
Bellow:
The Adventures
of Augie March
.
HISTORICAL EVENTS:
Death of Stalin. European Court of Human Rights set up in Strasbourg.
1954–6
AUTHOR’S LIFE:
Editor, ‘Caribbean Voices’ for the BBC, England.
1954
LITERARY CONTEXT:
Amis:
Lucky Jim
.
Golding:
Lord of the Flies
.
HISTORICAL EVENTS:
Vietnam War begins.
1955
AUTHOR’S LIFE:
Marries Patricia Anna Hale.
LITERARY CONTEXT:
Nabokov:
Lolita
.
Williams:
Cat on a Hot Tin
Roof
.
1956
LITERARY CONTEXT:
Osborne:
Look Back in
Anger
.
HISTORICAL EVENTS:
Suez crisis. British and French begin process of decolonization in Africa. Khrushchev reveals to the Twentieth Party Congress the truth about Stalinist purges. Soviet troops crush Hungarian uprising.
1957–61
AUTHOR’S LIFE:
Fiction reviewer for the
New
Statesman. The Mystic Masseur
(1957, wins John Llewellyn Rhys Prize);
The Suffrage of Elvira
(1958);
Miguel Street
(1959, wins Somerset Maugham Award).
1957
LITERARY CONTEXT:
Kerouac:
On the Road
.
HISTORICAL EVENTS:
Civil Rights Act in US. European Economic Community founded.
1958
LITERARY CONTEXT:
Pasternak:
Doctor Zhivago
.
Achebe:
Things Fall Apart
.
1959
LITERARY CONTEXT:
Burroughs:
Naked Lunch
.
Bellow:
Henderson the Rain King
.
HISTORICAL EVENTS:
Castro seizes power in Cuba.
1960
LITERARY CONTEXT:
Updike:
Rabbit, Run
.
HISTORICAL EVENTS:
Sixty-seven demonstrators killed at Sharpeville, South Africa. Belgian Congo becomes independent.
1961
AUTHOR’S LIFE:
A House for Mr Biswas
.
LITERARY CONTEXT:
Heller:
Catch-22
.
HISTORICAL EVENTS:
John F. Kennedy elected US President. Erection of Berlin Wall. South Africa excluded from Commonwealth. ANC banned. Yuri Gagarin becomes first man in space.
1962
AUTHOR’S LIFE:
The Middle Passage
.
LITERARY CONTEXT:
Nabokov:
Pale Fire
.
Solzhenitsyn:
One Day in the
Life of Ivan Denisovich
.
HISTORICAL EVENTS:
Cuban missile crisis. Trinidad and Tobago become independent within the British Commonwealth. Commonwealth Immigrants Act. Algeria granted independence by France.
1963
AUTHOR’S LIFE:
Mr Stone and the Knights Companion
.
HISTORICAL EVENTS:
Assassination of John F. Kennedy.
1964
AUTHOR’S LIFE:
An Area of Darkness
.
HISTORICAL EVENTS:
Khrushchev deposed and replaced by Brezhnev.
1965
HISTORICAL EVENTS:
India–Pakistan war.
1966
LITERARY CONTEXT:
Rhys:
Wide Sargasso Sea
.
HISTORICAL EVENTS:
Mao launches Cultural Revolution in China. Indira Gandhi becomes Prime Minster of India.
1967
AUTHOR’S LIFE:
A Flag on the Island: The Mimic Men.
LITERARY CONTEXT:
Márquez:
One Hundred Years of Solitude
.
HISTORICAL EVENTS:
Arab–Israeli Six-Day War. Civil war in Nigeria (Biafra).
1968
LITERARY CONTEXT:
Solzhenitsyn:
Cancer
Ward
.
HISTORICAL EVENTS:
Student unrest in US and throughout Europe. Russian invasion of Czechoslovakia. Assassination of Martin Luther King. Nixon US President.
1969
AUTHOR’S LIFE:
The Loss of El Dorado
.
HISTORICAL EVENTS:
Resignation of de Gaulle in France. Americans land first man on the moon.
1970
HISTORICAL EVENTS:
Black Power revolt in Trinidad.
1971
AUTHOR’S LIFE:
In a Free State
. (Wins Booker Prize.)
LITERARY CONTEXT:
Updike:
Rabbit Redux
.
HISTORICAL EVENTS:
Formation of Bangladesh.
1972
AUTHOR’S LIFE:
The Overcrowded Barracoon
.
HISTORICAL EVENTS:
President Amin expels Asians from Uganda. First Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty.
1973
LITERARY CONTEXT:
Pynchon:
Gravity’s
Rainbow
.
Greene:
The Honorary Consul
.
HISTORICAL EVENTS:
Arab–Israeli War.
1974
HISTORICAL EVENTS:
Resignation of Nixon following Watergate scandal.
1975
AUTHOR’S LIFE:
Guerrillas
.
LITERARY CONTEXT:
Levi:
The Periodic Table
.
HISTORICAL EVENTS:
End of Vietnam War; exodus of the ‘Boat People’ begins. State of Emergency declared in India (to 1977). Guerrilla armies come to power in Angola and Mozambique. USSR and Western powers sign Helsinki Agreement.
1976
HISTORICAL EVENTS:
Trinidad and Tobago become an independent republic.
1977
AUTHOR’S LIFE:
India: A Wounded Civilization
.
LITERARY CONTEXT:
Morrison:
Song of Solomon
.
1979
AUTHOR’S LIFE:
A Bend in the River
.
LITERARY CONTEXT:
Calvino:
If on a winter’s night a traveler
.
HISTORICAL EVENTS:
Margaret Thatcher first woman Prime Minister in UK.Carter and Brezhnev sign SALT-2 arms limitation treaty. Soviet occupation of Afghanistan. Iranian revolution; American hostage crisis.
1980
AUTHOR’S LIFE:
The Return of Eva Péron
(with
The Killings in Trinidad
).
LITERARY CONTEXT:
Burgess:
Earthly Powers
.
HISTORICAL EVENTS:
An independent Zimbabwe formed.
1981
AUTHOR’S LIFE:
Among the Believers
.
LITERARY CONTEXT:
Rushdie:
Midnight’s Children
.
1982
HISTORICAL EVENTS:
Falklands War.
1983
AUTHOR’S LIFE:
Honorary Fellow, University College, Oxford.
LITERARY CONTEXT:
Narayan:
A Tiger for Malgudi
.
HISTORICAL EVENTS:
Reagan proposes ‘Star Wars’.
1984
AUTHOR’S LIFE:
Finding the Centre
.
HISTORICAL EVENTS:
Famine in Ethiopia. Indira Gandhi assassinated.
1985
LITERARY CONTEXT:
Márquez:
Love in the Time of Cholera
.
HISTORICAL EVENTS:
Riots in South Africa. Gorbachev General Secretary in USSR.
1986
LITERARY CONTEXT:
Walcott:
Collected Poems
.
HISTORICAL EVENTS:
Gorbachev–Reagan summit.
1987
AUTHOR’S LIFE:
The Enigma of Arrival.
LITERARY CONTEXT:
Morrison:
Beloved
.
Levi:
The Drowned and the Saved
.
1988
LITERARY CONTEXT:
Rushdie:
The Satanic Verses
.
HISTORICAL EVENTS:
Gorbachev announces big troop reductions. Benazir Bhutto Prime Minister of Pakistan.
1989
AUTHOR’S LIFE:
A Turn in the South
.
LITERARY CONTEXT:
Márquez:
The General in his Labyrinth
.
HISTORICAL EVENTS:
Collapse of Communism in Eastern Europe. Fall of the Berlin Wall. Tiananmen Square massacre in China.
1990
AUTHOR’S LIFE:
India: A Million Mutinies Now
. Knighthood for Services to Literature.
LITERARY CONTEXT:
Updike:
Rabbit at Rest
.
Walcott:
Omeros
.
HISTORICAL EVENTS:
Nelson Mandela released from jail after 27 years’ imprisonment. German reunification. John Major becomes Prime Minister in UK. Attempted coup by Islamic fundamentalists in Trinidad.
1991
LITERARY CONTEXT:
M. Amis:
Time’s Arrow
.
Okri:
The Famished Road
.
HISTORICAL EVENTS:
Gulf War. Yeltsin President of Russia. USSR disbanded.
1992
HISTORICAL EVENTS:
Bill Clinton elected US President. Civil war in former Yugoslavia.
1993
AUTHOR’S LIFE:
Wins the first David Cohen Prize for Literature.
HISTORICAL EVENTS:
Israel hands over West Bank and Jericho to Palestinians. Storming of White House, Moscow.
1994
AUTHOR’S LIFE:
A Way in the World
.
LITERARY CONTEXT:
Heller:
Closing Time
.
HISTORICAL EVENTS:
Mandela and ANC sweep to victory in South African elections. Rwandan massacres. Russian military action against Chechen republic.