Complete Works (353 page)

(
opsis
), vision: the state of being able to discern bodies.

(
ostoun
), bone: marrow hardened by heat.

(
stoicheion
), element: that which complex things are composed of and resolved into.

[d]
(
aret
ē
), virtue: the best disposition; the state of a mortal creature which is in itself praise-worthy; the state on account of which its possessor is said to be good; the just observance of the laws; the disposition on account of which he who is so disposed
¹
is said to be perfectly excellent; the state which produces faithfulness to law.

(
phron
ē
sis
), practical wisdom: the ability which by itself is productive of human happiness; the knowledge of what is good and bad; the knowledge that produces happiness;
²
the disposition by which we judge what is to be done and what is to be done.

(
dikaiosun
ē
), justice: the unanimity of the soul with itself, [e] and the good discipline of the parts of the soul with respect to each other and concerning each other; the state that distributes to each person according to what is deserved; the state on account of which its possessor chooses what appears to him to be just; the state underlying a law-abiding way of life; social equality; the state of obedience to the laws.

(
s
ō
phrosun
ē
)
, self-control: moderation of the soul concerning the desires and pleasures that normally occur in it; harmony and good discipline in the soul in respect of normal pleasures and pains; concord of the soul in respect of ruling and being ruled; normal personal independence; good discipline in the soul; rational agreement within the soul about what is
[412]
admirable and contemptible; the state by which its possessor chooses and is cautious about what he should.

(
andreia
), courage: the state of the soul which is unmoved by fear; military confidence; knowledge of the facts of warfare; self-restraint in the soul about what is fearful and terrible; boldness in obedience to wisdom; being intrepid in the face of death; the state which stands on guard over correct thinking in dangerous situations; force which counterbalances danger; force of fortitude in respect of virtue; calm in the soul about what correct thinking takes to be frightening or encouraging things; the preservation of fearless
³
[b] beliefs about the terrors and experience of warfare; the state which cleaves to the law.

(
enkrateia
), self-restraint: the ability to endure pain; obedience to correct thinking; the unbeatable ability of the conceptions of correct thinking.

(
autarkeia
), self-sufficiency: perfect possession of good things; the state in respect of which those who have it are masters of themselves.

(
epieikeia
), fairness: ceding one’s rights and advantages; moderation in agreements; the good discipline of a rational soul in respect of what is [c] admirable and contemptible.

(
karteria
), fortitude: endurance of pain for the sake of what is admirable; endurance of labor for the sake of what is admirable.