Crazy Horse and Custer: The Parallel Lives of Two American Warriors (81 page)

CHAPTER 14

1. Quoted in Utley,
   Frontier Regulars,
   111.
   

2. See Elizabeth Custer,
   Tenting on the Plains
   (Norman, Okla., 1971), 27–92.
   

3. Merington,
   The Custer Story,
   168.
   

4. Libbie Custer to parents, July 20, 1865, Custer Mss.; Merington,
   The Custer Story,
   169.
   

5. Custer,
   Tenting on the Plains,
   139–40.
   

6. Ibid., 204.
   

7. Custer to Bacons, October 5, 1865, Custer Mss.; Merington,
   The Custer Story,
   174–75.
   

8. Quoted in Monaghan,
   Custer,
   260.
   

9. Custer,
   Tenting on the Plains,
   110
   ;
   Monaghan,
   Custer,
   257–59.
   

10. Merington,
    The Custer Story,
    172–73.
    

11. Custer to Bacons, October 5, 1865, Custer Mss.; Merington,
    The Custer Story,
    174–75.
    

12. Monaghan,
    Custer,
    266.
    

13. Custer to Libbie, March 12, 1866, Custer Mss.; Merington,
    The Custer Story,
    177–78.
    

14. Custer to Libbie, March 16, 1866, Custer Mss.; Merington,
    The Custer Story,
    179.
    

15. Custer to Libbie, March 18, 1866, Custer Mss.; Merington,
    The Custer Story,
    179.
    

16. Custer to Libbie, April 1, 1866, Custer Mss.; Merington,
    The Custer Story,
    180.
    

17. Monaghan,
    Custer,
    270.
    

18. Ibid., 271.
    

19. Custer to President Andrew Johnson, August 13, 1866, Custer Mss.
    

20. See Howard K. Beale,
    The Critical Year: A Study of Andrew Johnson and Reconstruction
    (New York, 1930), 299. Beale felt that Johnson’s failure to make economics, instead of race and the status of former Confederates, the issue of the campaign was “a fatal error in political judgment.”
    

21. For an excellent discussion, see LaWanda Cox and John Cox,
    Politics, Principle, and Prejudice, 1865–66
    (New York, 1963), preface.
    

22. Quoted, ibid., 195–96; see also Eric L. McKitrick,
    Andrew Johnson and Reconstruction
    (Chicago, 1960), Chap. 10.
    

23. Monaghan,
    Custer,
    272–77.
    

24. Ibid., 277–78.
    

25. Whittaker,
    Complete Life of Custer,
    631–33; Monaghan,
    Custer,
    279–80.
    

26. Charles Godfrey Leland, Memoirs (New York, 1893), 333; quoted in Monaghan,
    Custer,
    283.
    

27. Sandoz,
    Crazy Horse,
    207.
    

28. Grinnell,
    The Fighting Cheyennes,
    245–46.
    

29. Rachel Sherman Thorndike, ed.,
    The Sherman Letters
    (New York, 1894), 287.
    

30. Ibid., 289.
    

31. Utley,
    Frontier Regulars,
    111–14.
    

32. Ibid., 114.
    

33. Quoted in Lawrence A. Frost,
    The Court-Martid of General George A. Custer
    (Norman, Okla., 1968), 8. This work is much the best source on Custer’s campaign in Kansas.
    

34. Utley,
    Frontier Regulars,
    120.
    

35. Custer,
    My Life on the Plains,
    34.
    

36. Frost,
    Court-Martial,
    35.
    

37. Ibid., 13–16; Utley,
    Frontier Regulars,
    115–16.
    

38. Grinnell,
    The Fighting Cheyennes,
    248–49.
    

39. Custer,
    My Life on the Plains,
    37, 44.
    

40. Ibid., 48–49; Grinnell,
    The Fighting Cheyennes,
    250–51.
    

41. Custer,
    My Life on the Plains,
    58.
    

42. Utley,
    Frontier Regulars,
    116.
    

43. Frost,
    Court-Martial,
    21.
    

44. Custer,
    My Life on the Plains,
    79–82.
    

45. Ibid., 88–93; Monaghan,
    Custer,
    289.
    

46. Henry M. Stanley,
    My Early Travels and Adventures
    (London, 1895), I, 46.
    

47. Grinnell,
    The Fighting Cheyennes,
    253.
    

48. Utley,
    Frontier Regulars,
    117–19.
    

49. Theodore Davis, “A Summer on the Plains,”
    Harper’s Weekly,
    XXXVI, February 1868, 298.
    

50. Frost,
    Court-Martial,
    35.
    

51. Jack D. Foner,
    The United States Soldier Between Two Wars: Army Life and Reforms, 1865–1898
    (New York, 1970), 18–20.
    

52. Merington,
    The Custer Story,
    199.
    

53. Ibid., 201–4.
    

54. Monaghan,
    Custer,
    290.
    

CHAPTER 15

1. Robinson,
   A History of the Dakota,
   371.
   

2. Hyde,
   Red Cloud’s Folk,
   151–54; Robinson,
   A History of the Dakota,
   371–73.
   

3. Custer,
   My Life on the Plains,
   115; Monaghan,
   Custer,
   291.
   

4. Utley,
   Frontier Regulars,
   21.
   

5. Monaghan,
   Custer,
   282.
   

6. Davis, “A Summer on the Plains,” 303.
   

7. Custer,
   Tenting on the Plains,
   579.
   

8. Stanley,
   Early Travels,
   I, 87.
   

9. Custer,
   My Life on the Plains,
   119–20.
   

10. Davis, “A Summer on the Plains,” 299–301.
    

11. Frost,
    Court-Martial,
    41; Custer,
    My Life on the Plains,
    121.
    

12. Davis, “A Summer on the Plains,” 301.
    

13. Merington,
    The Custer Story,
    206.
    

14. Frost,
    Court-Martial,
    45–46; Custer,
    My Life on the Plains,
    124–25.
    

15. Frost,
    Court-Martial,
    46–47.
    

16. Ibid., 191; Custer,
    My Life on the Plains,
    125–27.
    

17. Frost,
    Court-Martial,
    49–51; Custer,
    My Life on the Plains,
    133–34; Monaghan,
    Custer,
    293–94.
    

18. Frost,
    Court-Martial,
    53–56; Custer,
    My Life on the Plains,
    135–44.
    

19. Custer,
    My Life on the Plains,
    145–47.
    

20. Ibid., 151–55; Frost,
    Court-Martial,
    59–60.
    

21. Custer,
    My Life on the Plains,
    156; Frost,
    Court-Martial,
    60.
    

22. Frost,
    Court-Martial,
    61–64; Custer,
    My Life on the Plains,
    160–65.
    

23. Custer,
    My Life on the Plains,
    172–77; Frost,
    Court-Martial,
    66–67.
    

24. Quoted in Frost,
    Court-Martial,
    53.
    

25. Davis, “A Summer on the Plains,” 306.
    

26. Frost,
    Court-Martial,
    185.
    

27. Ibid, 151.
    

28. Ibid., 165–68.
    

29. Custer,
    My Life
    on
    the Plains,
    190–201.
    

30. Ibid., 203–13; Frost,
    Court-Martial,
    78–85.
    

31. Custer,
    Tenting on the Plains,
    699–702.
    

32. Ibid., 702.
    

33. Frost,
    Court-Martial,
    87.
    

34. Thorndike, ed.,
    The Sherman Letters,
    291.
    

35. Ibid., 320.
    

36. Gard,
    The Great Buffalo Hunt,
    is an excellent account of the slaughter of the buffalo.
    

37. Hyde,
    Red Cloud’s Folk,
    158.
    

38. Brown,
    Fort Phil Kearny,
    223.
    

39. Sandoz,
    Crazy Horse,
    212; Hyde,
    Red Cloud’s Folk,
    159.
    

40. Quoted in Brown,
    Fort Phil Kearny,
    223.
    

41. Sandoz,
    Crazy Horse,
    212–13; Hyde,
    Red Cloud’s Folk,
    159; Brown,
    Fort Phil Kearny,
    223.
    

42. Hyde,
    Red Cloud’s Folk,
    160.
    

43. Sandoz,
    Crazy Horse,
    216.
    

44. Ibid., 223.
    

45. Olson,
    Red Cloud
    , 67–69; Sandoz,
    Crazy Horse,
    224; Hyde,
    Red Cloud’s Folk,
    161.
    

46. Robinson,
    A History of the Dakota,
    383.
    

47. Hyde,
    Red Cloud’s Folk,
    159–60.
    

48. Utley,
    Frontier Regulars,
    132–35; Olson,
    Red Cloud,
    66–68.
    

49. Olson,
    Red Cloud,
    69; Utley,
    Frontier Regulars,
    134.
    

50. From an interview with Sitting Bull, New York
    Herald,
    November 16, 1877.
    

51. Frost,
    Court-Martial,
    164.
    

52. Ibid., 245–46.
    

53. Ibid., 247.
    

54. Merington,
    The Custer Story,
    212.
    

55. Frost,
    Court-Martial,
    256.
    

CHAPTER 16

1. Utley,
   Frontier Regulars,
   12.
   

2. Ibid., 135; Olson,
   Red Cloud,
   71.
   

3. Quoted in Olson,
   Red Cloud,
   72.
   

4. Robinson,
   A History of the Dakota,
   387.
   

5. Ibid., 382–87, for a full account of the treaty; see also Olson,
   Red Cloud,
   72–76, Utley,
   Frontier Regulars,
   134–35, and Hyde,
   Red Cloud’s Folk,
   162–65.
   

6. See Olson,
   Red Cloud,
   80.
   

7. Ibid., 74.
   

8. Ibid., 80–82.
   

9. Monaghan,
   Custer,
   304; Robert G. Athearn,
   William
   T.
   Sherman and the Settlement of the West
   (Norman, Okla., 1956), 213–23.
   

10. Frost,
    Court-Martial,
    266.
    

11. For an excellent discussion of the origins and causes of this war, see Utley,
    Frontier Regulars,
    138–43.
    

12. Custer,
    My Life on the Plains,
    216.
    

13. Quoted in Utley,
    Frontier Regulars,
    142.
    

14. Stanley,
    Personal Memoirs,
    23.
    

15. Merington,
    The Custer Story,
    217; Monaghan,
    Custer,
    306–7.
    

16. Custer,
    My Life on the Plains,
    218–60; Monaghan,
    Custer,
    308–9.
    

17. Utley,
    Frontier Regulars,
    149; see also General W. B. Hazen, “Some Corrections of ‘Life on the Plains,’”
    Chronicles of Oklahoma,
    III (1925), 295–318.
    

18. Utley,
    Frontier Regulars,
    150.
    

19. Custer,
    My Life on the Plains,
    281–84; Monaghan,
    Custer,
    310.
    

20. Custer,
    My Life on the Plains,
    284.
    

21. Ibid., 286–88.
    

22. Ibid., 310–15.
    

23. Ibid., 316–20.
    

24. Grinnell,
    The Fighting Cheyennes,
    302.
    

25. Custer,
    My Life on the Plains,
    334–45; Utley,
    Frontier Regulars,
    150–51; Monaghan,
    Custer,
    316–18; Merington,
    The Custer Story,
    222–23.
    

26. As George Grinnell writes, “Black Kettle was a striking example of a consistently friendly Indian, who, because he was friendly and so because his whereabouts was usually known, was punished for the acts of people whom it was supposed he could control”
    (The Fighting Cheyennes,
    309).
    

27. Ibid., 304–5; Monaghan,
    Custer,
    319; Custer,
    My Life on the Plains,
    347.
    

28. Custer,
    My Life on the Plains,
    358–64.
    

29. Ibid., 347; Quaife’s long note on the subject is on pp. 353–55.
    

30. Monaghan,
    Custer
    , 319–20.
    

31. Custer,
    My Life on the Plains,
    356–58.
    

32. Ibid., 346.
    

33. Custer reprinted the order in
    My Life on the Plains,
    388–89.
    

34. Ibid., 415.
    

35. See Monaghan,
    Custer,
    327–28, for a full discussion of the myth.
    

36. Utley,
    Frontier Regulars,
    158–59.
    

37. Monaghan,
    Custer,
    322.
    

38. Grinnell,
    The Fighting Cheyennes,
    307.
    

39. Ibid., 308.
    

40. Elizabeth Custer,
    Following the Guidon
    (Norman, Okla., 1967), 263–64.
    

CHAPTER 17

1. Hyde,
   Red Cloud’s Folk,
   171.
   

2. Sandoz,
   Crazy Horse,
   225–26.
   

3. Hyde,
   Red Cloud’s Folk,
   167.
   

4. Olson,
   Red Cloud,
   174.
   

5. Hyde,
   Red Cloud’s Folk,
   175.
   

6. Ibid., 176.
   

7. Olson,
   Red Cloud
   , 96, 112; Hyde,
   Red Cloud’s Folk,
   176–78; Robinson,
   A History of the Dakota,
   396–99.
   

8. Sandoz,
   Crazy Horse,
   227.
   

9. Hinman interview with He Dog, Nebraska State Historical Society.
   

10. Hinman interview with Red Feather, Nebraska State Historical Society.
    

11. Hinman interview with He Dog, Nebraska State Historical Society; Sandoz,
    Crazy Horse,
    237–38.
    

12. Merington,
    The Custer Story,
    231; Monaghan,
    Custer,
    332.
    

13. Merington,
    The Custer Story,
    234–35.
    

14. Ibid., 237.
    

15. Ibid., 235.
    

16. Merington,
    The Custer Story,
    237.
    

17. Ibid., 237–38.
    

18. Hinman interview with He Dog, Nebraska State Historical Society.
    

19. Ibid.
    

20. Ibid.
    

21. It must be added, however, that Crazy Horse was hardly the only one responsible for the dividing of the Oglalas. That division had been building for a long time, essentially from the beginnings of the Holy Road, and its basic cause was less internal than external. The whites tempted the Oglalas to come down to the reservation or drove them there; when Red Cloud moved to his Nebraska agency he helped complete the split.
    

22. Sandoz,
    Crazy Horse,
    246–47.
    

23. Hinman interview with He Dog, Nebraska State Historical Society. He Dog said that “many people believe this child was Crazy Horse’s daughter, but it was never known for certain.”
    

24. Monaghan,
    Custer,
    336; Merington,
    The Custer Story,
    246; William Tucker and Jeff C. Dykes,
    The Grand Duke Alexis in the United States of America During the Winter of 1871–1872
    (New York, 1973). This rare book was originally published in 1872; it is a compilation of newspaper accounts of the grand duke’s tour.
    

25. Tucker and Dykes,
    The Grand Duke,
    157.
    

26. Ibid., 158; Hyde,
    Spotted Tail’s Folk,
    180.
    

27. Tucker and Dykes,
    The Grand Duke,
    161.
    

28. Merington,
    The Custer Story,
    246; Tucker and Dykes,
    The Grand Duke,
    162.
    

29. Tucker and Dykes,
    The Grand Duke,
    167.
    

30. Ibid., 170; Hyde,
    Spotted Tail’s Folk,
    180–81.
    

31. Merington,
    The Custer Story,
    246.
    

32. Tucker and Dykes,
    The Grand Duke,
    189–90.
    

33. Quoted in Dykes’s introduction, ibid.
    

34. Ibid., 189.
    

35. Monaghan,
    Custer,
    337.
    

36. Merington,
    The Custer Story,
    247.
    

37. Tucker and Dykes,
    The Grand Duke,
    219.
    

38. Monaghan,
    Custer,
    338.
    

39. Elizabeth Custer,
    “Boots and Saddles,”
    5.