Crimes Against Nature (27 page)

52
. Ibid.

53
. NRDC, “Gale Norton Biographical Timeline.”

54
. Susan Threadgill, “Who’s Who,”
Washington Monthly,
March 2002, viewed at http://www.washingtonmonthly.com/features/2001/0203.whoswho.html.

55
. Ibid.

56
. See Friends of the Earth website, http://www.foe.org/camps/eco/interior/manson.html.

57
. “Mining Lobbyist Nominated for Key Interior Post,” Friends of the Earth press release, December 2001, viewed at http://www.foe.org/camps/eco/interior/watsonpr.html.

58
. Susan Threadgill, “Who’s Who.”

59
. “George W. Bush’s Anti-Environmental Advisors: Beyond the Official Bios,” Environmental Working Group, viewed at http://www.ewg.org/reports/GeorgeWBush/enviro_advisors.html.

60
. Phillip Babich, “Shafted,” salon.com, December 11, 2003, viewed at http://www.salon.com/tech/feature/2003/12/11/griles.

61
. “In the Chief’s Corner,” Public Employees for Environmental Responsibility, viewed at http://www.peer.org/Chiefchambers/ChiefChamberspage.html.

62
. David Halvarg, “Gale Norton, Spencer Abraham, Don Evans: A Team Only an Oil Man Could Love,”
The Nation,
January 29, 2001.

1
. “Why Is Election 2000 So Close?” CNN
Crossfire,
viewed at http://www.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0010/26/cf.00.html.

2
. “Oppose the Kyoto Protocol Because It Is Ineffective, Inadequate and Unfair to America,” GeorgeW
Bush.com, viewed at http://web.archive.org/web/20010413031333/www.georgewbush.com/issues/environment.html.

3
. “Energy,” GeorgeWBush.com, viewed at http://web.archive.org/web/20010204002000/www.georgewbush.com/issues/energy.html.

4
. Douglas Jehl, “Bush, in Reversal, Won’t Seek Cut in Emissions of Carbon Dioxide,”
New York Times,
March 14, 2001.

5
. “On the Shoulders of Giants,” NASA Earth Observatory Library, viewed at http://www.earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Library/Giants/Arrhenius/arrhenius_2.html.

6
. James Hansen, “Global Warming, Playing Dice, and Berenstain Bears,” NASA Goddard Institute for Space Study website, January 2000, viewed at http://www.giss.nasa.gov/research/intro/hansen_08/.

7
. “World Meteorological Association Statement on the Status of the Global Climate in 2003” (WMO No. 966), viewed at http://www.wmo.ch/web/wcp/wcdmp/home.html.

8
. Ibid.

9
. Michael Oppenheimer, interview by Robert F. Kennedy, Jr., February 2004.

10
. Associated Press, March 4, 2004, viewed at http://msnbc.msn.com/id/
4448584/.

11
. Michael Oppenheimer, interview by Robert F. Kennedy, Jr., February 2004.

12
. Michael Peschardt, “Asia-Pacific Climate Change Killing Coral Reefs,” BBC News, August 17, 1999, viewed at http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/422759.stm.

13
. Michael Oppenheimer, interview by Robert F. Kennedy, Jr., February 2004.

14
. Peter Schwartz and Doug Randall, “An Abrupt Climate Change Scenario and Its Implications for United States National Security,” Environmental Defense, October 2003, viewed at http://www.ems.org/climate/pentagon_climate_change.html.

15
. Ibid.

16
. “FAQ: Global Climate Change,” United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, viewed at http://unfccc.int/press/dossiers/factsheet.html.

17
. Michael Ball, “EPA: Whitman Coasts Through Nomination Vote,”
Greenwire,
January 31, 2001.

18
. Ron Suskind,
The Price of Loyalty
(New York: Simon & Schuster, 2004), p. 101.

19
. Ibid.

20
. Paul O’Neill, former U.S. Secretary of the Treasury, interview by Robert F. Kennedy, Jr., January 2004.

21
. Paul O’Neill, “Science, Politics and Global Climate Change,” (Pittsburgh, Pa.: Alcoa, 1998), p. 5.

22
. Suskind,
The Price of Loyalty,
p. 114.

23
. Ibid., p 102.

24
. Ibid., p. 120.

25
. Ibid., pp. 121-22.

26
. Ibid., p. 122.

27
. Ibid.

28
. Gregg Easterbrook, “Hostile Environment,”
New York Times,
August 19, 2001.

29
. Katharine Q. Seelye, “Often Isolated, Whitman Quits as E.P.A. Chief,”
New York Times,
May 22, 2003.

30
. “NRDC Denounces EPA’s Proposal to Withdraw New Arsenic-in-Tap-Water Standard; Group Says Move Is Unwarranted and Illegal — and Vows to Sue,” NRDC press release, March 20, 2001, viewed at http://www.nrdc.org/media/pressreleases/010320.asp.

31
. Douglas Jehl, “E.P.A. Abandons New Arsenic Limits for Water Supply,”
New York Times,
March 21, 2001, p. A1.

32
. Physicians for Social Responsibility, “Clinton Era Arsenic Standard Upheld,”
Environment and Health Update,
October/November 2001, viewed at http://www.psr.org/documents/psr_doc_0/program_3/eupdate101101.pdf; “Bush Administration, Ignoring National Academy Of Sciences, Sticks With Clinton Arsenic-In-Tap-Water Standard,” NRDC, October 31, 2001, viewed at http://www.nrdc.org/media/pressreleases/011031.asp.

33
. “House Rebukes Bush on Arsenic Standards,” Comtex, July 30, 2001, viewed at http://www.enn.com/news/wire-stories/2001/07/07302001/arsenic_
44465.asp.

34
. Erik Olson, interview by Robert F. Kennedy, Jr., February 2004.

35
. David Frum,
The Right Man: The Surprise Presidency of George W. Bush
(New York: Random House, 2003), p. 7.

36
. Gregg Easterbrook, “Hostile Environment,”
New York Times Magazine,
August 19, 2001, section 6, p. 40.

37
. Douglas Jehl, “EPA Delays Its Decision on Arsenic,”
New York Times,
April 19, 2001, p. A14.

38
. “Arsenic in Drink Water, 2001 Update,” National Academy of Science, viewed at http://www.nap.edu/books/0309076293/html.

39
. Eric Pianin, “EOA to Urge Tighter Rules for Arsenic; Report Raises Agency Concern About Drinking Water Limits,”
Washington Post,
September 11, 2001, p. A1.

40
. Katherine Q. Seelye, “Arsenic Standard for Water Is Too Lax, Study Concludes,”
New York Times,
September 11, 2001, p. A20.

41
. “EPA Announces Arsenic Standard for Drinking Water of 10 Parts per Billion,” EPA Newsroom, November 1, 2001, viewed at http://www.epa.gov/epahome/headline_110101.htm.

42
. Erik Olson, interview, February 2004.

43
. “Arsenic in Drinking Water,” U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, viewed at http://www.epa.gov/safewater/arsenic.html.

44
. Cyril T. Zaneski, “Rule Breakers,” GovExec.com, January 1, 2002, viewed at http://www.govexec.com/features/0102/0102s4.htm.

1
. “OIRA Q&A’s,” Office of Management and Budget, February 25, 2002, viewed at http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/inforeg/qa_2-25-02.pdf.

2
. Mary Anne Calamas, assistant to John Graham, e-mail to David Ludlum, April 26, 2004.

3
. Judy Dagastino, Advisory Board Coordinator, American Council on Science and Health, interview by David Ludlum, April 15, 2004. Graham served from 1994 to 2001, until he left to work for the government.

4
. “Panic Attack: ACSH Fears Nothing but Fear Itself,” Center for Media and Democracy, viewed at http://www.prwatch.org/prwissues/1998Q4/panic.html.

5
. “Testimony of Professor Lisa Heinzerling Concerning the Nomination of John D. Graham to Be Administrator of the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs, Office of Management and Budget,” May 10, 2001, viewed at http://www.citizen.org/congress/regulations/graham/heinzerling_testimony.html.

6
. Steve Weinberg, “Mr. Bottom Line,” OnEarth Magazine, Spring 2003, viewed at http://www.nrdc.org/onearth/03spr/graham1.asp.

7
. “Dr. John Graham’s Biography and Research Interests,” HCRA Harvard, viewed at http://www.hcra.harvard.edu/nomination.

8
. Karl Kelsey, professor at Harvard School of Public Health, interview by Robert F. Kennedy, Jr., March 2004.

9
. “HCRA Sources of Support,” HCRA Harvard, viewed at http://www.hcra.harvard.edu/unrestricted.html.

10
. “Advisory Council,” HCRA Harvard, viewed at http://www.hcra.harvard.edu/advisory.html.

11
. “Executive Council,” HCRA Harvard, viewed at http://www.hcra.harvard.edu/executive.html.

12
. “National Organizations Make the Case Against John Graham to the Senate Governmental Affairs Committee,” Public Citizen, viewed at http://www.citizen.org/congress/regulations/graham/govtaffairs.html.

13
. Amy Charlene, “Harvard’s John Graham Releases Results of Cost-Benefit Analysis of Air Bag Safety,” Risk World, March 25, 1997, viewed at http://www.riskworld.com/NEWS/97q1/nw7aa028.htm.

14
. “Study Shows Airbags a Worthwhile Investment: Risk to Children Must Be Addressed,” Harvard School of Public Health press release, November 4, 1997, viewed at http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/press/releases/press11041997.html.

15
. Tammy O. Tengs and John D. Graham, “The Opportunity Costs of Haphazard Social Investments in Life Saving,” in
Risks, Costs, and Lives Saved: Getting Better Results from Regulation,
Robert W. Hahn, ed. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1996).

16
. “John Graham’s Distortions: Study Was Used by Him to Mislead Congress and the Media About the Cost of Health, Safety and Environmental Regulation,” Public Citizen, August 28, 2001, viewed at http://www.citizen.org/congress/regulations/bush_admin/articles.cfm?ID=5002.

17
. Ibid.

18
. “Testimony of Professor Lisa Heinzerling Concerning the Nomination of John D. Graham.”

19
. “John Graham’s Distortions.”

20
. “Industry Ally, Hostile to Health and Environmental Safeguards, Poor Choice for Key Regulatory Post in Bush Administration,” Public Citizen, viewed at http://www.citizen.org/congress/regulations/graham/edit.html.

21
. Letter from 53 Academics to the Senate Governmental Affairs Committee, May 9, 2001, viewed at http://www.citizen.org/congress/regulations/graham/academics.html.

22
. “Senate Confirms Enemy of Regulations for Top Regulatory Post,” NRDC press release, July 20, 2001, viewed at http://www.nrdc.org/media/pressReleases/010720.asp.

23
. “Rulemaking: OMB’s Role in Reviews of Agencies’ Draft Rules and the Transparency of Those Reviews,” U.S. General Accounting Office, September 2003 (GAO 03-929), viewed at http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d03929.pdf.

24
. “Making Sense of Regulation: 2001 Report to Congress on the Cost and Benefits of Regulations and Unfunded Mandates on State, Local and Tribal Entities,” Office of Management and Budget, December 2001, viewed at http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/inforeg/costbenefitreport.pdf.

25
. “Economic Issues: Dr. Weida’s Reports,” Grace Factory Farm Project, viewed at http://www.factoryfarm.org/topics/economic/weida/#manure_management_analysis.

26
. “Testimony of Richard J. Dove,” Senate Committee on Government Affairs, March 13, 2002, viewed at http://www.senate.gov/~gov_affairs/031302dove.htm.

27
. See “Waste: Facts and Data,” Grace Factory Farm Project, viewed at http://www.factoryfarm.org/topics/waste/facts/.

28
. “Testimony of Richard J. Dove.”

29
. Arthur Hirsch, “Meet the Choptank’s New Menace: Deadly, Shape-Changing, Tough Algae,”
Baltimore Sun,
March 16, 1993.

30
. Lynn Grattan et al., “Learning and memory difficulties after environmental exposure to waterways containing toxin-producing Pfiesteria or Pfiesteria-like dinoflagellates,”
The Lancet,
vol. 352 (1998), pp. 530-39.

31
. “Cattle-Theft Case Won’t Go to Trial As South Dakota Man Has Reached a Plea Agreement in Custer County,”
Omaha World-Herald,
August 22, 2002.

32
. “Rulemaking: OMB’s Role in Reviews of Agencies’ Draft Rules and the Transparency of Those Reviews,” U.S. General Accounting Office, September 2003 (GAO 03-929), pp. 103-5, viewed at http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d03929.pdf.

33
. “Statement of the American Farm Bureau Federation to the Clean Air, Wetlands, Private Property and Nuclear Safety Subcommittee, Senate Environment and Public Works Committee Regarding Air Quality Standards,” presented by Adam Sharp, Assistant Director Governmental Relations, American Farm Bureau Federation, October 22, 1997, viewed at http://epw.senate.gov/105th/sharp.htm.

1
. See the Luntz memo, “The Environment: A Cleaner, Healthier, Safer America,” Environmental Working Group website, viewed at http://www.ewg.org/briefings/luntzmemo/pdf/Luntz Research_environment.pdf.

2
. “Bush Proposes to Cut Nondefense R&D Over the Next Five Years to Reduce Deficit,” American Association for the Advancement of Science, May 7, 2004, viewed at http://www.aaas.org/spp/rd/proj05p.pdf.

3
. Michael Oppenheimer, interview by Robert F. Kennedy, Jr., February 2004.

4
. “EPA’s Response to the World Trade Center Collapse: Challenges, Successes, and Areas for Improvement,” EPA Office of Inspector General, August 21, 2003, viewed at http://www.epa.gov/oigearth/reports/2003/WTC_report_20030821.pdf.

5
. “GAO Confirms EPA Stripped Ombudsman Authority,” Rep. Jerrold Nadler press release, November 14, 2002, viewed at http://www.house.gov/nadler/archive107/Ombudsman_111402.htm.

6
. Mike Soraghan, “EPA Leader’s Rulings on Citigroup Probed,”
Denver Post,
March 11, 2002.

7
. Hugh Kaufman, interview by Robert F. Kennedy, Jr., January 2004.