Crimes Against Nature (29 page)

42
. “Paying to Pollute: Campaign Contributions and Lobbying Expenditures by Polluters Working to Weaken Environmental Laws,” US PIRG, April 2004, viewed at http://uspirg.org/reports/payingtopollute2004.pdf.

43
. United States Department of Justice, Office of Legal Policy, “New Source Review: An Analysis of the Consistency of Enforcement Actions With the Clean Air Act and Implementing Regulations,” January 2002, Appendix III, viewed at http://www.usdoj.gov/olp/nsrreport.pdf.

44
. “Data Shows Industry Had Extensive Access to Cheney’s Energy Task Force.”

45
. Judy Pasternak, “Bush’s Energy Plan Bares Industry Clout,”
Los Angeles Times,
August 26, 2001, p. A2.

46
. Michael Isikoff, “A Plot to Foil the Greens,”
Newsweek,
June 4, 2001.

47
. Eric Schaeffer, former director of the EPA’s Office of Regulatory Enforcement, interview by Robert F. Kennedy, Jr., October 2003 and February 2004.

48
. Calculations based on PAC and soft-money contributions tracked by the Center for Responsive Politics database, viewed at http://www.opensecrets.org/softmoney/index.asp.

49
. “National Energy Policy,” National Energy Policy Development Group, May 2001, viewed at http://www.whitehouse.gov/energy/National-Energy-Policy.pdf.

50
. Paul O’Neill, former U.S. Treasury Secretary, interview by Robert Kennedy, Jr., January 2004.

51
. Jim VandeHei, “Cheney Sees Little Role for Conservation In Energy Plan Aimed at Boosting Supply,”
Wall Street Journal,
May 1, 2001, p. A12.

52
. “The Bush-Cheney Energy Plan: How It Fares in the 21 st Century,” Energy Foundation, viewed at http://www.ef.org/national/NationalAnalysis.pdf.

53
. See “America, Oil and National Security: What Government and Industry Data Really Show,” National Environmental Trust 2001, viewed at http://www.ef.org/documents/AmericaandOil.pdf; see also “Drilling in Detroit: Tapping Automaker Ingenuity to Build Safe and Efficient Automobiles,” Union of Concerned Scientists and Center for Auto Safety, June 2001, viewed at http://www.ucsusa.org/documents/drill_detroit.pdf.

54
. Amory Lovins, “Energy Security Facts: Details and Documentation,” Rocky Mountain Institute, June 2003, viewed at http://www.rmi.org/images/other/S-USESFbooklet.pdf.

55
. Richard Byrne, “Life in the Slow Lane: Tracking Decades of Automaker Roadblocks to Fuel Economy,” Union of Concerned Scientists, July 2003, viewed at http://www.ucsusa.org/clean_vehicles/cars_and_suvs/page.cfm?pageID=1230.

56
. Amory Lovins, “Energy Security Facts.”

57
. “Dangerous Addiction: Ending America’s Oil Dependence,” NRDC, January 2002, viewed at http://www.nrdc.org/air/transportation/oilsecurity/security.pdf.

58
. Jerry Taylor, “Bush’s Energy Babble,” CATO Institute, September 30, 2000, viewed at http://www.cato.org/dailys/09-30-00.html.

59
. “New Campaign Slams Detroit, Washington as U.S. Gas Mileage Hits 22-Year Low,” NRDC, May 7, 2003, viewed at http://www.nrdc.org/media/pressreleases/030507.asp.

60
. “The Bush Administration’s Fuel Cell Fake-Out: White House, Automakers Tout Tomorrow’s Oil Security Solution to Deflect and Delay Action Today,” NRDC, May 8, 2003, viewed at http://www.nrdc.org/air/transportation/ffuelcell.asp.

61
. See “Bush Week in Review, May 7-13,” Literal Politics, viewed at http://www.literalpolitics.com/BushWeek/bushweekmay.htm.

62
. “Remarks by Secretary of Energy Spencer Abraham, 13th Annual Energy Efficiency Forum, June 12, 2002,” viewed at http://www.energy.gov/engine/content.do?PUBLIC_ID=13407&BT_CODE=PR_SPEECHES&TT_CODE=PRESSSPEECH.

63
. Tom Kenworthy, “New Mining Rules Reverse Provisions,”
USA Today,
October 25, 2001.

64
. “President Announces Clear Skies & Global Climate Change Initiatives,” press release, February 14, 2002, available at http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2002/02/20020214-5.html.

65
. “Power to Kill: Death and Disease From Power Plants Charged with Violating the Clean Air Act,” Clean Air Task Force, July 2001, viewed at http://cta.policy.net/relatives/18300.pdf; see also “Air Quality Management in the United States,” National Research Council of the National Academies, January 2004, viewed at http://cta.policy.net/relatives/18300.pdf.

66
. Christopher Shays, U.S. Congressman (R-Conn.), interview by Robert F. Kennedy, Jr., September 2003.

67
. “Taxpayers Should Finance Cleanups, Bush Says,”
Greenwire,
February 25, 2002.

68
. “The Truth About Toxic Waste Cleanups: How EPA Is Misleading the Public About the Superfund Program,” Sierra Club and US PIRG Education Fund, February 2004, viewed at http://www.uspirg.org/reports/TruthaboutToxicWasteCleanup04.pdf.

69
. Ibid.

70
. Ibid.

71
. Ibid.

72
. Paul O’Neill, former U.S. Treasury Secretary, interview by Robert Kennedy, Jr., January 2004.

1
. “Mid-Atlantic Mountaintop Mining Draft Environmental Impact Statement,” U.S. EPA, May 2003, viewed at http://www.epa.gov/region3/mtntop/eis.htm.

2
. “Mountaintop Mining: Permissive Permitting Doesn’t Jibe With Study,”
Lexington Herald Leader,
July 22, 2003.

3
. Judy Bonds, director of Coal River Mountain Watch, interview by Robert F. Kennedy, Jr., February 2004.

4
. “Comments of the Ohio Valley Environmental Coalition (OVEC) on the Draft Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement on Mountaintop Removal Mining/Valley Fill Activities in Appalachia,” viewed at http://www.ohvec.org/issues/mountaintop_removal/articles/EIS_social_cultural.pdf.

5
. “West Virginia Labor Force Estimates,” West Virginia Bureau of Employment Programs, viewed at http://www.state.wv.us/bep/lmi/datarel/DRLMI134.HTM.

6
. Judy Bonds, director of Coal River Mountain Watch, interview by Robert F. Kennedy, Jr., February 2004.

7
. See “Read My Lips: A Look at Coal Mining Industry Contributions to Bush and the GOP,” Open Secrets, March 14, 2001, viewed at http://www.opensecrets.org/alerts/v6/alertv6_11.asp.

8
. Tom Hamburger, “A Coal-Fired Crusade Helped Bring Crucial Victory to Candidate Bush,”
Wall Street Journal,
June 13, 2001.

9
. “100 Days of Bush — Top 10 Paybacks to the Energy Industry,” Democratic National Committee, viewed at http://www.healthyrecovery.net/Asinine/100days/energy.html.

10
. “Reliable, Affordable, and Environ
mentally Sound Energy for America’s Future,” National Energy Policy Development Group, 2001, p. xiv, viewed at http://www.whitehouse.gov/energy.

11
. Judy Pasternak, “Bush’s Energy Plan Bares Industry Clout,”
Los Angeles Times,
August 26, 2001.

12
. Peter Carlson, “Green for Greenbacks? Bush’s Record Under Fire,”
Washington Post,
September 9, 2003.

13
. Quin Shea, remarks made at the Western Coal Transportation Association Conference, Sante Fe, New Mexico, April 16-18, 2001.

14
. Michelle Nijhuis, “Coal Miner’s Slaughter: West Virginia Activist Julia Bonds Takes on Mountaintop-Removal Mining,”
Grist,
April 14, 2003.

15
. Peter Slavin, “Razing Appalachia,”
Citizens Coal Council,
May 5, 2002.

16
. Jack Spadaro, interview by Robert F. Kennedy, Jr., February 2004.

17
. See U.S. Department of Labor website at http://www.dol.gov/_sec/aboutosec/chao.htm.

18
. Jack Spadaro, interview by Robert F. Kennedy, Jr., February 2004.

19
. “Special Counsel Begins Whistleblower Investigation,”
Greenwire,
February 24, 2004.

20
. “MSHA Demotes, Moves Ky. Coal-Slurry Spill Whistle-blower,”
Greenwire,
February 26, 2004.

21
. “White House Watch Administration Profiles, Jeffrey Holmstead — Assistant Administrator, Air and Radiation,” Earth Justice, viewed at http://www.earthjustice.org/policy/profiles/display.html?ID=1011.

22
. “Corporate Shill Enterprise: A Public Citizen Report on Citizens for a Sound Economy, a Corporate Lobbying Front Group,” Public Citizen, viewed at http://www.citizen.org/congress/civjus/tort/industry/articles.cfm?ID=798.

23
. Frank O’Donnell, interview by David Ludlum, January 29, 2004.

24
. “Benchmarking Air Emissions 2001,” NRDC, viewed at http://www.nrdc.org/air/pollution/benchmarking/default.asp.

25
. Seth Borenstein, “EPA Brass Departing in Uproar,” Knight Ridder News Service, September 4, 2003.

26
. “Senator Edwards Calls for Resignation of EPA Official,” John Edwards press release, July 14, 2003, viewed at http://edwards.senate.gov/press/2003/0713b-pr.html.

27
. General Accounting Office, “New Source Review Revisions Could Affect Utility Enforcement Cases and Public Access to Emissions Data,” October 2003.

28
. U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Legal Policy, “New Source Review: An Analysis of the Consistency of Enforcement Actions With the Clean Air Act and Implementing Regulations,” January 2002, Appendix III.

29
. “Bush Appointees Gut Air Quality Rule and Give Congress False Information About the Consequences,” Public Citizen press release, October 10, 2003.

30
. “Letter From Senators Leahy, Jeffords and Lieberman to Inspector General Tinsley About New Source Review Enforcement,” October 22, 2003, viewed at http://leahy.senate.gov/press/200310/102203d.html.

31
. Senator Patrick Leahy, “Clearing the Air: New Source Review Policy, Regulations and Enforcement Activities,” statement for Joint Hearing of the Senate Judiciary Committee and Committee on the Environment and Public Works, July 16, 2002, viewed at http://leahy.senate.gov/press/200207/071602.html.

32
. Clean Air Task Force, “Power to Kill: Death and Disease from Power Plants Charged With Violating the Clean Air Act,” July 2001, viewed at http://cta.policy.net/relatives/18300.pdf. (EPA consultant Abt Associates contributed the methodology and analysis.)

33
. “Senator Edwards Calls for Resignation of EPA Official.”

34
. See “ToxFAQs for Mercury,” Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, April 1999, at http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/tfacts46.html.

35
. “Twice as Many Newborns Are at Risk for Developmental, Learning Problems — EPA,”
Greenwire,
February 5, 2004, viewed at http://www.ewg.org/news/story.php?id=2234.

36
. Dr. David Carpenter, interview by Robert F. Kennedy, Jr., March-April 2004.

37
. “Update: National Listing of Fish and Wildlife Advisories,” Environmental Protection Agency, EPA-823-F-03-003, May 2003, viewed at http://www.epa.gov/waterscience/fish/advisories/factsheet.pdf.

38
. “EPA’s Mercury Proposal: More Toxic Pollution for a Longer Time,” NRDC, December 5, 2003, available at http://www.nrdc.org/media/pressreleases/031205.asp.

39
. EPA to Regulate Mercury and Other Air Toxics Emissions from Coal- and Oil-Fired Power Plants,” U.S. EPA fact sheet, viewed at http://www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/combust/utiltox/hgfs1212.html.

40
. Quin Shea, remarks made at the Western Coal Transportation Association Conference.

41
. Sharon Theimer, “Business Leaders Pay to Wine and Dine Bush Environmental Policymakers,” Associated Press, January 7, 2004, viewed at http://www.enn.com/news/2004-01-07/s_11786.asp.

42
. “Survey Says: Western Leaders Name Energy Bill, Endangered Species Act Reform as Top Priorities for Congress in 2004,” Western Business Roundtable press release, January 27, 2004, viewed at http://www.westernroundtable.com/PR_2004_topten_survey.htm.

43
. “Biography of Jim Sims,” Western Business Roundtable, viewed at http://www.westernroundtable.com/company/bio_jsims.asp.

44
. Michael Shnayerson, “Sale of the Wild,”
Vanity Fair,
September 2003.

45
.
Virginia Surface Mining and Reclamation Association v. Andrus,
483 F.Supp. 425 (D.C. Va. 1980).

46
. Philip Babich, “Shafted,” salon.com, December 11, 2003.

47
. Dale Russakoff, “The Unforcer,”
Washington Post,
June 6, 1982, p. A1.

48
. Ibid.

49
. “J. Steven Griles: Coal Lobbyist Nominated for Interior Second in Command,” Clearinghouse on Environmental Advocacy and Research, June 2001, viewed at http://www.clearproject.org/reports_griles.html.

50
. Ibid.

51
. Ibid.

52
. Steve Marcy, “Interior Nominee Faces Criticism on Handling of Strip Mine Agency (J. Steven Griles, Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement),”
Oil Daily,
December 5, 1985.

53
. See
San Diego Union Tribune,
April 11, 1989, cited by Clearinghouse on Environmental Advocacy and Research, viewed at http://www.clearproject.org/reports_griles.html.

54
. Mike Soraghan, “Mining Industry Lobbyist Is Norton’s Pick for Deputy,”
Denver Post,
March 9, 2001, p. A6.

55
. Eric Pianin, “Official’s Lobbying Ties Decried; Interior’s Griles Defends Meetings as Social, Informational,”
Washington Post,
September 25, 2002, p. A1.

56
. Deputy Secretary J. Steven Griles, “Statement of Disqualification from Matter Involving his Former Employers and Clients,” August 1, 2001, viewed at http://www.foe.org/camps/eco/interior/statement1.pdf.

57
. Katharine Q. Seelye, “Interior Department Investigates Official’s Role as Oil Lobbyist,” Corpwatch.org, May 12, 2003, page A27, viewed at http://www.corpwatch.org/article.php?id=6789.

58
. Ibid.

59
. Friends of the Earth, “The Case Against J. Steven Griles, Deputy Secretary, U.S. Department of the Interior — Background on Coal Bed Methane and the Powder River Basin” viewed at http://www.foe.org/camps/eco/interior/grilescase1.html.