Crucified Again: Exposing Islam's New War on Christians (41 page)
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Authors: Raymond Ibrahim
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5
al-Ansarai,
Ruling on Building Churches
.
al-Ansarai,
Ruling on Building Churches
.
6
Nasir bin Muhammad al-Ahmed, “Bina’ al-Kina’is fi Bilad al-Muslimin [Building Churches in Muslim Lands],” Alahmad, 2008,
http://alahmad.com/node/772
, translation by the author.
Nasir bin Muhammad al-Ahmed, “Bina’ al-Kina’is fi Bilad al-Muslimin [Building Churches in Muslim Lands],” Alahmad, 2008,
http://alahmad.com/node/772
, translation by the author.
7
Abdullah bin Mohammed Ezkil, “In Response to Sheikh Dr. Qaradawi: Banning the Building of Churches has Consensus,” Saaid,
http://www.saaid.net/Doat/Zugail/428.htm
, translation by the author.
Abdullah bin Mohammed Ezkil, “In Response to Sheikh Dr. Qaradawi: Banning the Building of Churches has Consensus,” Saaid,
http://www.saaid.net/Doat/Zugail/428.htm
, translation by the author.
8
Ibn Qayyim, “Ihkam ahl-al-dhimma [Rulings Concerning Dhimmis],” Islamweb, section 1195, 1997,
http://www.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_ no=105&ID=235&idfrom=226&idto=301&bookid=105&startno=5
, translation by the author. “”
Ibn Qayyim, “Ihkam ahl-al-dhimma [Rulings Concerning Dhimmis],” Islamweb, section 1195, 1997,
http://www.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?bk_ no=105&ID=235&idfrom=226&idto=301&bookid=105&startno=5
, translation by the author. “”
9
Ibn Taymiyya, “Hikm Hadam al-Kana’is [Ruling on Destroying Churches],” tawhed,
http://www.tawhed.ws/pr?i=6472
, translation by the author.
Ibn Taymiyya, “Hikm Hadam al-Kana’is [Ruling on Destroying Churches],” tawhed,
http://www.tawhed.ws/pr?i=6472
, translation by the author.
10
Bat Ye’or,
Islam and Dhimmitude: Where Civilizations Collide
(Cranbury: Associated University Presses, 2010), 84–85.
Bat Ye’or,
Islam and Dhimmitude: Where Civilizations Collide
(Cranbury: Associated University Presses, 2010), 84–85.
11
Sidney H. Griffith,
The Church in the Shadow of the Mosque: Christians and Muslims in the World of Islam
(Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2008), 11.
Sidney H. Griffith,
The Church in the Shadow of the Mosque: Christians and Muslims in the World of Islam
(Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2008), 11.
12
Rodney Stark,
God’s Battalions: The Case for the Crusades
(New York: Harper Collins, 2009), 91.
Rodney Stark,
God’s Battalions: The Case for the Crusades
(New York: Harper Collins, 2009), 91.
13
Taqi Ed-Din El-Maqrizi,
A Short History of the Copts and Their Church
, trans. S. C. Malan (London: D. Nutt, 1873), 86.
Taqi Ed-Din El-Maqrizi,
A Short History of the Copts and Their Church
, trans. S. C. Malan (London: D. Nutt, 1873), 86.
14
Ibn Warraq, “Islam and the Crusades,”
City Journal
19, no. 4 (2009),
http://www.catholiceducation.org/articles/history/world/wh0150.htm
.
Ibn Warraq, “Islam and the Crusades,”
City Journal
19, no. 4 (2009),
http://www.catholiceducation.org/articles/history/world/wh0150.htm
.
15
El-Maqrizi,
A Short History of the Copts
,
op. cit.
, 10.
El-Maqrizi,
A Short History of the Copts
,
op. cit.
, 10.
16
Ye’or,
Islam and Dhimmitude
, 7.
Ye’or,
Islam and Dhimmitude
, 7.
17
For more on the role of violence in Islam and Christianity, including a comparison of the jihad and the Crusades, see Raymond Ibrahim, “Are Judaism and Christianity as Violent as Islam?”
Middle East Quarterly
16, no. 3 (2009), 3–12,
http://www.meforum.org/2159/are-judaism-and-christianity-as-violent-as-islam
.
For more on the role of violence in Islam and Christianity, including a comparison of the jihad and the Crusades, see Raymond Ibrahim, “Are Judaism and Christianity as Violent as Islam?”
Middle East Quarterly
16, no. 3 (2009), 3–12,
http://www.meforum.org/2159/are-judaism-and-christianity-as-violent-as-islam
.
18
Edward Peters, ed., “Speech of Urban—Robert of Rheims,”
The First Crusade: The Chronicle of Fulcher of Chartres and Other Source Materials
(Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1998), 27.
Edward Peters, ed., “Speech of Urban—Robert of Rheims,”
The First Crusade: The Chronicle of Fulcher of Chartres and Other Source Materials
(Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1998), 27.
19
Taqi Ed-Din El-Maqrizi,
A Short History of the Copts and Their Church
, trans. S. C. Malan (London: D. Nutt, 1873), 77.
Taqi Ed-Din El-Maqrizi,
A Short History of the Copts and Their Church
, trans. S. C. Malan (London: D. Nutt, 1873), 77.
20
Ibid., 16, 79-80.
Ibid., 16, 79-80.
21
Ibid., 16, 86.
Ibid., 16, 86.
22
Ibid., 16, 87.
Ibid., 16, 87.
23
In the original Arabic text of Maqrizi, the number is 30,000. Apparently the incredulous translator thought an extra zero was added as a typo, and concluded that the number was really 3,000. However, based on early Christian texts, the idea that there would be such large numbers of churches in Egypt and the greater Middle East is more than plausible. One early Coptic source asserts that, if a person were to walk from one end of Egypt to the other, they would never miss the sound of the church bell—a testimony to the ubiquity of churches in the Middle East, the cradle of Christianity, before Islam invaded. Ibid., 16.
In the original Arabic text of Maqrizi, the number is 30,000. Apparently the incredulous translator thought an extra zero was added as a typo, and concluded that the number was really 3,000. However, based on early Christian texts, the idea that there would be such large numbers of churches in Egypt and the greater Middle East is more than plausible. One early Coptic source asserts that, if a person were to walk from one end of Egypt to the other, they would never miss the sound of the church bell—a testimony to the ubiquity of churches in the Middle East, the cradle of Christianity, before Islam invaded. Ibid., 16.
24
Proper-name transliterations and calendar dating have been adjusted to modern usage. Ibid., 16, 88–91.
Proper-name transliterations and calendar dating have been adjusted to modern usage. Ibid., 16, 88–91.
25
Ibn Taymiyya, “Masala fi al-Kina’is [In Regards to Churches],” al-Kitab al-Islami, n. d.,
http://www.islamicbook.ws/amma/msalt-fi-alknaes.html
, translation by the author.
Ibn Taymiyya, “Masala fi al-Kina’is [In Regards to Churches],” al-Kitab al-Islami, n. d.,
http://www.islamicbook.ws/amma/msalt-fi-alknaes.html
, translation by the author.
26
Adel Guindy,
Hikayat al-Ihtilal
[
Stories of the Occupation: Correcting Misunderstandings
] (Cairo: Middle East Freedom Forum, 2009), 88, translation by the author.
Adel Guindy,
Hikayat al-Ihtilal
[
Stories of the Occupation: Correcting Misunderstandings
] (Cairo: Middle East Freedom Forum, 2009), 88, translation by the author.
27
El-Maqrizi,
A Short History
, I, 16, 108.
El-Maqrizi,
A Short History
, I, 16, 108.
28
“Saying Merry Christmas is worse than fornication or killing someone,” You Tube video, December 15, 2011,
http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=FFW3ZNC8sjw
.
“Saying Merry Christmas is worse than fornication or killing someone,” You Tube video, December 15, 2011,
http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=FFW3ZNC8sjw
.
29
Mary Abdelmassih, “Egyptian Security Guards Withdrew One Hour Before Church Blast, Say Eyewitnesses,” Assyrian International News Agency, January 2, 2011,
http://www.aina.org/news/20110101232613.htm
.
Mary Abdelmassih, “Egyptian Security Guards Withdrew One Hour Before Church Blast, Say Eyewitnesses,” Assyrian International News Agency, January 2, 2011,
http://www.aina.org/news/20110101232613.htm
.
30
Ibid.
Ibid.
31
Mary Abdelmassih, “6 Coptic Christians in Egypt Shot Dead As They Left Christmas Mass,” Assyrian International News Agency, January 7, 2010,
http://www.aina.org/news/20100107150122.htm
.
Mary Abdelmassih, “6 Coptic Christians in Egypt Shot Dead As They Left Christmas Mass,” Assyrian International News Agency, January 7, 2010,
http://www.aina.org/news/20100107150122.htm
.
32
Camillus Eboh and Felix Onuah, “Nigerian leaders rapped after Islamists attack churches,” Reuters, December 26, 2011,
http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/12/26/us-nigeria-blast-idUSTRE7BO03020111226
.
Camillus Eboh and Felix Onuah, “Nigerian leaders rapped after Islamists attack churches,” Reuters, December 26, 2011,
http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/12/26/us-nigeria-blast-idUSTRE7BO03020111226
.
33
“Christmas attacks in Nigeria by Muslim sect kill 39,”
USA Today
, December 25, 2011,
http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/world/story/2011-12-25/nigeria-christmas-catholic-church-bomb/52218084/1
.“”
“Christmas attacks in Nigeria by Muslim sect kill 39,”
USA Today
, December 25, 2011,
http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/world/story/2011-12-25/nigeria-christmas-catholic-church-bomb/52218084/1
.“”
34
“Radical Islamist sect says it carried out Nigeria church attacks,”
The Guardian
, December 28, 2010,
http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/dec/28/islamist-sect-responsibility-nigeria-attacks
.
“Radical Islamist sect says it carried out Nigeria church attacks,”
The Guardian
, December 28, 2010,
http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/dec/28/islamist-sect-responsibility-nigeria-attacks
.
35
“50 people killed in Easter Sunday bombings in Nigeria,”
ZeeNews
, April 8, 2012,
http://zeenews.india.com/news/world/50-people-killed-in-easter-sunday-bombings-in-nigeria_768956.html
.
“50 people killed in Easter Sunday bombings in Nigeria,”
ZeeNews
, April 8, 2012,
http://zeenews.india.com/news/world/50-people-killed-in-easter-sunday-bombings-in-nigeria_768956.html
.
36
“Nigeria Bomber Strikes near Easter Services,” CBN News, April 13, 2012,
http://www.cbn.com/cbnnews/world/2012/April/Nigeria-Bomber-Strikes-near-Easter-Services/
.
“Nigeria Bomber Strikes near Easter Services,” CBN News, April 13, 2012,
http://www.cbn.com/cbnnews/world/2012/April/Nigeria-Bomber-Strikes-near-Easter-Services/
.
37
“Gunmen kill six at Nigerian Christmas service,” France 24, December 25, 2012,
http://www.france24.com/en/20121225-nigeria-christmas-church-attack-shooting-fire
; Dan Wooding, “12 Christians Killed in Christmas Bloodshed in Nigeria, ASSIST News Service, December 26, 2012,
http://www.assistnews.net/Stories/2012/s12120111.htm
.
“Gunmen kill six at Nigerian Christmas service,” France 24, December 25, 2012,
http://www.france24.com/en/20121225-nigeria-christmas-church-attack-shooting-fire
; Dan Wooding, “12 Christians Killed in Christmas Bloodshed in Nigeria, ASSIST News Service, December 26, 2012,
http://www.assistnews.net/Stories/2012/s12120111.htm
.
38
Agence France-Presse, “Rotten Egg Attack Mars Indonesia Christmas Celebration,”
Jakarta Globe
, December 25, 2012,
http://www.thejakartaglobe.com/home/rotten-egg-attack-mars-indonesia-christmas-celebration/563514
.
Agence France-Presse, “Rotten Egg Attack Mars Indonesia Christmas Celebration,”
Jakarta Globe
, December 25, 2012,
http://www.thejakartaglobe.com/home/rotten-egg-attack-mars-indonesia-christmas-celebration/563514
.
39
“Islamist Mob Throws Urine on Church in Indonesia,” World Watch Monitor, May 23, 2012,
http://www.worldwatchmonitor.org/english/country/indonesia/article_1552007.html
.
“Islamist Mob Throws Urine on Church in Indonesia,” World Watch Monitor, May 23, 2012,
http://www.worldwatchmonitor.org/english/country/indonesia/article_1552007.html
.
40
“Six people wounded in bomb attack on Roman Catholic church as priest celebrates Christmas Day mass,”
Daily Mail
, December 25, 2010,
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1341510/Six-people-wounded-bomb-attack-Roman-Catholic-Church-priest-celebrates-Christmas-Day-mass.html
.
“Six people wounded in bomb attack on Roman Catholic church as priest celebrates Christmas Day mass,”
Daily Mail
, December 25, 2010,
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1341510/Six-people-wounded-bomb-attack-Roman-Catholic-Church-priest-celebrates-Christmas-Day-mass.html
.
41
Anugrah Kumar, “Iran Detains Sunday School Kids Celebrating Christmas,”
Christian Post
, December 26, 2011,
http://www.christianpost.com/news/iran-detains-sunday-school-kids-celebrating-christmas-65686/
.
Anugrah Kumar, “Iran Detains Sunday School Kids Celebrating Christmas,”
Christian Post
, December 26, 2011,
http://www.christianpost.com/news/iran-detains-sunday-school-kids-celebrating-christmas-65686/
.
42
“Teachers in Mosul Schedule Exams on Christmas Day,” Assyrian International News Agency, December 24, 2012,
http://www.aina.org/news/20121223185649.htm
.
“Teachers in Mosul Schedule Exams on Christmas Day,” Assyrian International News Agency, December 24, 2012,
http://www.aina.org/news/20121223185649.htm
.
43
Michael Ireland, “Pakistani Christians protest extreme power outages during Christmas,” ASSIST News Service, December 21, 2011,
http://www.assistnews.net/STORIES/2011/s11120092.htm
.
Michael Ireland, “Pakistani Christians protest extreme power outages during Christmas,” ASSIST News Service, December 21, 2011,
http://www.assistnews.net/STORIES/2011/s11120092.htm
.
44
Vento Saudale, “Embattled Indonesian Church Forced to Celebrate Christmas in Private Home,”
Jakarta Globe
, December 26, 2011,
http://www.thejakartaglobe.com/home/embattled-indonesian-church-forced-to-celebrate-christmas-in-private-home/487014#Scene_1
.
Vento Saudale, “Embattled Indonesian Church Forced to Celebrate Christmas in Private Home,”
Jakarta Globe
, December 26, 2011,
http://www.thejakartaglobe.com/home/embattled-indonesian-church-forced-to-celebrate-christmas-in-private-home/487014#Scene_1
.
45
In 1992, a church in Upper Egypt, after applying and waiting for over a year for approval, went ahead and fixed its toilet. As a result, it was heavily fined, and authorities destroyed the toilet. Paul Marshall,
Their Blood Cries Out
(Dallas: World Publishing, 1997), 38.
In 1992, a church in Upper Egypt, after applying and waiting for over a year for approval, went ahead and fixed its toilet. As a result, it was heavily fined, and authorities destroyed the toilet. Paul Marshall,
Their Blood Cries Out
(Dallas: World Publishing, 1997), 38.
46
Edwin Mora, “Not a Single Christian Church Left in Afghanistan, Says State Department,” CNS News, October 10, 2011,
http://cnsnews.com/news/article/not-single-christian-church-left-afghanistan-says-state-department
.
Edwin Mora, “Not a Single Christian Church Left in Afghanistan, Says State Department,” CNS News, October 10, 2011,
http://cnsnews.com/news/article/not-single-christian-church-left-afghanistan-says-state-department
.
47
“CHURCH IN AZERBAIJAN LIQUIDATED BY COURT,” Barnabas Aid, April 30, 2012,
http://barnabasfund.org/US/News/Archives/Church-in-Azerbaijan-liquidated-by-court.html
.
“CHURCH IN AZERBAIJAN LIQUIDATED BY COURT,” Barnabas Aid, April 30, 2012,
http://barnabasfund.org/US/News/Archives/Church-in-Azerbaijan-liquidated-by-court.html
.
48
“APPEAL COURT UPHOLDS CHURCH CLOSURE RULING IN AZERBAIJAN,” Barnabas Aid, August 1, 2012,
http://barnabasfund.org/US/News/Archives/Appeal-court-upholds-church-closure-ruling-in-Azerbaijan.html
.
“APPEAL COURT UPHOLDS CHURCH CLOSURE RULING IN AZERBAIJAN,” Barnabas Aid, August 1, 2012,
http://barnabasfund.org/US/News/Archives/Appeal-court-upholds-church-closure-ruling-in-Azerbaijan.html
.
49
“PASTOR FACING CRIMINAL CHARGES FOLLOWING CHURCH RAID IN AZERBAIJAN,” Barnabas Aid, January 12, 2012,
http://barnabasfund.org/UK/News/Archives/Pastor-facing-criminal-charges-following-church-raid-in-Azerbaijan.html
.
“PASTOR FACING CRIMINAL CHARGES FOLLOWING CHURCH RAID IN AZERBAIJAN,” Barnabas Aid, January 12, 2012,
http://barnabasfund.org/UK/News/Archives/Pastor-facing-criminal-charges-following-church-raid-in-Azerbaijan.html
.
50
“Churches Forced to Stop Farsi Worship in Tehran, Iran,” World Watch Monitor, February 17, 2012,
http://www.worldwatchmonitor.org/english/country/iran/article_1406358.html
.
“Churches Forced to Stop Farsi Worship in Tehran, Iran,” World Watch Monitor, February 17, 2012,
http://www.worldwatchmonitor.org/english/country/iran/article_1406358.html
.
51
“More Churches are forced to cease Persian language services in Tehran,”
FCNN
, March 12, 2012,
http://www.fcnn.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2802:more-churches-are-forced-to-cease-persian-language-services-in-tehran &catid=127:iranian-christian&Itemid=593
.
“More Churches are forced to cease Persian language services in Tehran,”
FCNN
, March 12, 2012,
http://www.fcnn.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2802:more-churches-are-forced-to-cease-persian-language-services-in-tehran &catid=127:iranian-christian&Itemid=593
.
52
“Iranian Authorities Shut Church in Tehran,” World Watch Monitor, June 8, 2012,
http://www.worldwatchmonitor.org/english/country/iran/article_1595449.html
.
“Iranian Authorities Shut Church in Tehran,” World Watch Monitor, June 8, 2012,
http://www.worldwatchmonitor.org/english/country/iran/article_1595449.html
.
53
Joseph DeCaro, “Revolutionary Guards Close Church Properties,”
Worthy News,
July 11, 2012,
http://www.worthynews.com/11615-revolutionary-guards-close-church-properties
.
Joseph DeCaro, “Revolutionary Guards Close Church Properties,”
Worthy News,
July 11, 2012,
http://www.worthynews.com/11615-revolutionary-guards-close-church-properties
.
54
Dan Wooding, “Iran: Christians Arrested in Khorasan’s Principle [
sic
] Cities of Mash-Had and Neishabour,” ASSIST News Service, July 5, 2012,
http://www.assistnews.net/STORIES/2012/s12070031.htm
.
Dan Wooding, “Iran: Christians Arrested in Khorasan’s Principle [
sic
] Cities of Mash-Had and Neishabour,” ASSIST News Service, July 5, 2012,
http://www.assistnews.net/STORIES/2012/s12070031.htm
.
55
Joanna Paraszczuk, “Iran cracks down on underground ‘illegal’ churches,”
Jerusalem Post
, October 15, 2012,
http://www.jpost.com/LandedPages/PrintArticle.aspx?id=287923
.
Joanna Paraszczuk, “Iran cracks down on underground ‘illegal’ churches,”
Jerusalem Post
, October 15, 2012,
http://www.jpost.com/LandedPages/PrintArticle.aspx?id=287923
.
56
“SECURITY AGENTS STATIONED AT IRANIAN CHURCHES TO FRIGHTEN PEOPLE AWAY,” Barnabas Aid, October 10, 2012,
http://barnabasfund.org/US/News/Archives/Security-agents-stationed-at-Iranian-churches-to-frighten-people-away.html
.
“SECURITY AGENTS STATIONED AT IRANIAN CHURCHES TO FRIGHTEN PEOPLE AWAY,” Barnabas Aid, October 10, 2012,
http://barnabasfund.org/US/News/Archives/Security-agents-stationed-at-Iranian-churches-to-frighten-people-away.html
.
57
“KAZAKHSTAN: NEW ANTI-RELIGION LAWS,”
The Voice of the Martyrs,
October 25, 2011,
http://www.persecution.com//files/15/01/55/f150155/public/newsroom.aspx?story_ID=NDM3&featuredstory_ID=Mjky&clickfrom=ZmVhdHVyZWRzdG9yaWVz
.
“KAZAKHSTAN: NEW ANTI-RELIGION LAWS,”
The Voice of the Martyrs,
October 25, 2011,
http://www.persecution.com//files/15/01/55/f150155/public/newsroom.aspx?story_ID=NDM3&featuredstory_ID=Mjky&clickfrom=ZmVhdHVyZWRzdG9yaWVz
.
58
“Evangelicals in Belarus and Kazakhstan Detained, Beaten, Fined,”
Worthy News
, Oct 24, 2011,
http://www.worthynews.com/11031-evangelicals-in-belarus-and-kazakhstan-detained-beaten-fined
.
“Evangelicals in Belarus and Kazakhstan Detained, Beaten, Fined,”
Worthy News
, Oct 24, 2011,
http://www.worthynews.com/11031-evangelicals-in-belarus-and-kazakhstan-detained-beaten-fined
.
59
“CHURCHES RAIDED, LEADERS FINED AND CHRISTIAN LITERATURE SEIZED IN KAZAKHSTAN,” Barnabas Aid, February 20, 2012,
http://barnabasfund.org/US/News/Archives/Churches-raided-leaders-fined-and-Christian-literature-seized-in-Kazakhstan.html
“CHURCHES RAIDED, LEADERS FINED AND CHRISTIAN LITERATURE SEIZED IN KAZAKHSTAN,” Barnabas Aid, February 20, 2012,
http://barnabasfund.org/US/News/Archives/Churches-raided-leaders-fined-and-Christian-literature-seized-in-Kazakhstan.html
60
Dan Wooding, “Kazakhstan: ‘The Church Will Be Closed Down Anyway,’” ASSIST News Service, June 2, 2012,
http://www.assistnews.net/STORIES/2012/s12060011.htm
.
Dan Wooding, “Kazakhstan: ‘The Church Will Be Closed Down Anyway,’” ASSIST News Service, June 2, 2012,
http://www.assistnews.net/STORIES/2012/s12060011.htm
.
61
Jeremy Reynalds, “Two Churches Raided in Kazakhstan,” ASSIST News Service, October 21, 2012,
http://www.assistnews.net/STORIES/2012/s12100096.htm
.
Jeremy Reynalds, “Two Churches Raided in Kazakhstan,” ASSIST News Service, October 21, 2012,
http://www.assistnews.net/STORIES/2012/s12100096.htm
.
62
Dan Wooding, “Church Raid by Turkmen Police,” ASSIST News Service
,
June 11, 2012,
http://www.assistnews.net/STORIES/2012/s12060063.htm
.
Dan Wooding, “Church Raid by Turkmen Police,” ASSIST News Service
,
June 11, 2012,
http://www.assistnews.net/STORIES/2012/s12060063.htm
.
63
“CHRISTIAN GATHERING IN UZBEKISTAN RAIDED BY POLICE IN BOMB SEARCH CLAIM,” Barnabas Aid, May 15, 2012,
http://barnabasfund.org/US/News/Archives/Christian-gathering-in-Uzbekistan-raided-by-police-in-bomb-search-claim.html
.
“CHRISTIAN GATHERING IN UZBEKISTAN RAIDED BY POLICE IN BOMB SEARCH CLAIM,” Barnabas Aid, May 15, 2012,
http://barnabasfund.org/US/News/Archives/Christian-gathering-in-Uzbekistan-raided-by-police-in-bomb-search-claim.html
.
64
Mushfig Bayram, “UZBEKISTAN: An “unsanctioned meeting in a private home”—with a bomb?” Forum 18,
http://www.forum18.org/Archive.php?article_id=1699
.
Mushfig Bayram, “UZBEKISTAN: An “unsanctioned meeting in a private home”—with a bomb?” Forum 18,
http://www.forum18.org/Archive.php?article_id=1699
.
65
Mushfig Bayram, “Uzbekistan: 14 Arrested and their Christian Literature Seized,”
Persecution
, January 29, 2013,
http://www.persecution.org/?p=32494&upm_export=print
.
Mushfig Bayram, “Uzbekistan: 14 Arrested and their Christian Literature Seized,”
Persecution
, January 29, 2013,
http://www.persecution.org/?p=32494&upm_export=print
.
66
“Provincial Official in Algeria Orders Churches to Close,” World Watch Monitor, May 25, 2012,
http://www.worldwatchmonitor.org/english/country/13314/article_113076.html
.
“Provincial Official in Algeria Orders Churches to Close,” World Watch Monitor, May 25, 2012,
http://www.worldwatchmonitor.org/english/country/13314/article_113076.html
.
67
Rachel Hirshfeld, “PA Declares Church in Bethlehem to be Unlawful,”
Israel National News
, March 14, 2012,
http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/153747#.UNM9wjk1y7z
.
Rachel Hirshfeld, “PA Declares Church in Bethlehem to be Unlawful,”
Israel National News
, March 14, 2012,
http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/153747#.UNM9wjk1y7z
.
68
“Protest in Kuwait over Municipal Council’s Refusal to Allow Christians to Build Church,”
MEMRI,
December 9, 2010,
http://www.memri.org/report/en/0/0/0/0/0/0/4827.htm
.
“Protest in Kuwait over Municipal Council’s Refusal to Allow Christians to Build Church,”
MEMRI,
December 9, 2010,
http://www.memri.org/report/en/0/0/0/0/0/0/4827.htm
.
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