Crucified Again: Exposing Islam's New War on Christians (44 page)
Read Crucified Again: Exposing Islam's New War on Christians Online
Authors: Raymond Ibrahim
BOOK: Crucified Again: Exposing Islam's New War on Christians
6.75Mb size Format: txt, pdf, ePub
183
David Littman, “The U.N. Finds Slavery in the Sudan,”
Middle East Quarterly
3, no. 3 (1996),
http://www.meforum.org/319/the-un-finds-slavery-in-the-sudan
.
David Littman, “The U.N. Finds Slavery in the Sudan,”
Middle East Quarterly
3, no. 3 (1996),
http://www.meforum.org/319/the-un-finds-slavery-in-the-sudan
.
184
“Church Faces Increasing Hostility in Sudan,” World Watch Monitor, October 24, 2012,
http://www.worldwatchmonitor.org/english/country/sudan/article_122259.html
.
“Church Faces Increasing Hostility in Sudan,” World Watch Monitor, October 24, 2012,
http://www.worldwatchmonitor.org/english/country/sudan/article_122259.html
.
185
“Officials in Sudan Threaten to Raze Three Church Buildings,” World Watch Monitor, October 12, 2012,
http://www.worldwatchmonitor.org/english/country/sudan/article_121869.html
.
“Officials in Sudan Threaten to Raze Three Church Buildings,” World Watch Monitor, October 12, 2012,
http://www.worldwatchmonitor.org/english/country/sudan/article_121869.html
.
186
“Muslim Extremists in Sudan Threaten to target Christians,” World Watch Monitor, September 13, 2012,
http://www.worldwatchmonitor.org/english/country/sudan/article_120231.html
.
“Muslim Extremists in Sudan Threaten to target Christians,” World Watch Monitor, September 13, 2012,
http://www.worldwatchmonitor.org/english/country/sudan/article_120231.html
.
187
“Bible School, Church Buildings Attacked in Sudan,” World Watch Monitor, April 26, 2012,
http://www.worldwatchmonitor.org/english/country/sudan/article_1519092.html
.
“Bible School, Church Buildings Attacked in Sudan,” World Watch Monitor, April 26, 2012,
http://www.worldwatchmonitor.org/english/country/sudan/article_1519092.html
.
188
“Sudan’s Aerial Bombing Aims at Churches in Nuba Mountains,” World Watch Monitor, March 30, 2012,
http://www.worldwatchmonitor.org/english/country/sudan/article_1489959.html
.
“Sudan’s Aerial Bombing Aims at Churches in Nuba Mountains,” World Watch Monitor, March 30, 2012,
http://www.worldwatchmonitor.org/english/country/sudan/article_1489959.html
.
189
“Strife in Sudan stretches into several regions,”
Baptist Press
, May 18, 2012,
http://www.bpnews.net/printerfriendly.asp?ID=37859
.
“Strife in Sudan stretches into several regions,”
Baptist Press
, May 18, 2012,
http://www.bpnews.net/printerfriendly.asp?ID=37859
.
190
“Sudanese Authorities Demolish Two Church Buildings,” World Watch Monitor, June 28, 2012,
http://www.worldwatchmonitor.org/english/country/sudan/article_1616882.html
.
“Sudanese Authorities Demolish Two Church Buildings,” World Watch Monitor, June 28, 2012,
http://www.worldwatchmonitor.org/english/country/sudan/article_1616882.html
.
191
“Profanation of chapel even in the naval base of Toulon,”
Novo Press
, December 10, 2012,
http://fr.novopress.info/127890/profanation-de-chapelle-meme-dans-la-base-navale-de-toulon/
.
“Profanation of chapel even in the naval base of Toulon,”
Novo Press
, December 10, 2012,
http://fr.novopress.info/127890/profanation-de-chapelle-meme-dans-la-base-navale-de-toulon/
.
192
“Tags musulmans sur lTéglise de Chassieu : la mairie tente déétouffer léaffaire . . . ,”
Rebeyne
!, September 24, 2012,
http://www.lyonlemelhor.org/2012/09/tags-musulmans-sur-leglise-de-chassieux-la-mairie-tente-detouffer-laffaire/
, translation by the author.
“Tags musulmans sur lTéglise de Chassieu : la mairie tente déétouffer léaffaire . . . ,”
Rebeyne
!, September 24, 2012,
http://www.lyonlemelhor.org/2012/09/tags-musulmans-sur-leglise-de-chassieux-la-mairie-tente-detouffer-laffaire/
, translation by the author.
193
“Muslims Stone Catholic Festival-Goers in France,”
Islam versus Europe
, October 29, 2011,
http://islamversuseurope.blogspot.com/2011/10/muslims-stone-catholic-festival-goers.html
.
“Muslims Stone Catholic Festival-Goers in France,”
Islam versus Europe
, October 29, 2011,
http://islamversuseurope.blogspot.com/2011/10/muslims-stone-catholic-festival-goers.html
.
194
“France: Muslims stone Christians in church during Mass,” Jihad Watch, May 27, 2012,
http://www.jihadwatch.org/2012/05/france-muslims-stone-christians-in-church-during-mass.html
.
“France: Muslims stone Christians in church during Mass,” Jihad Watch, May 27, 2012,
http://www.jihadwatch.org/2012/05/france-muslims-stone-christians-in-church-during-mass.html
.
195
Daniel Hamiche, “A mass interrupted by the ‘young’ in Dijon,”
L’observatoire de la Christianophobie
, September 20, 2012,
http://www.christianophobie.fr/breves/une-messe-interrompue-par-des-jeunes-a-dijon?
.
Daniel Hamiche, “A mass interrupted by the ‘young’ in Dijon,”
L’observatoire de la Christianophobie
, September 20, 2012,
http://www.christianophobie.fr/breves/une-messe-interrompue-par-des-jeunes-a-dijon?
.
196
Boris Grdanoski and Konstantin Testorides, “ Macedonian Orthodox Church Set Alight,” CNS News, January 31, 2012,
www.cnsnews.com/node/508092
.
Boris Grdanoski and Konstantin Testorides, “ Macedonian Orthodox Church Set Alight,” CNS News, January 31, 2012,
www.cnsnews.com/node/508092
.
197
“Welcome to the new Catalonia: A Moroccan attacks a Catholic church at Anglès,”
Vlad Tepes
, September 26, 2012,
http://vladtepesblog.com/?p=53611
.
“Welcome to the new Catalonia: A Moroccan attacks a Catholic church at Anglès,”
Vlad Tepes
, September 26, 2012,
http://vladtepesblog.com/?p=53611
.
198
Pam Douglas, “Molotov cocktail thrown through church window,”
Brampton Guardian
, October 26, 2012,
http://www.bramptonguardian.com/news/article/1525339—molotov-cocktail-thrown-through-church-window
.
Pam Douglas, “Molotov cocktail thrown through church window,”
Brampton Guardian
, October 26, 2012,
http://www.bramptonguardian.com/news/article/1525339—molotov-cocktail-thrown-through-church-window
.
199
Ye’or,
The Decline of Eastern Christianity
, 85.
Ye’or,
The Decline of Eastern Christianity
, 85.
200
Ibid., 105.
Ibid., 105.
201
Of course, the frequency of such attacks is much less than attacks on churches, in proportion to the much smaller numbers of monasteries compared to churches in the Islamic world.
Of course, the frequency of such attacks is much less than attacks on churches, in proportion to the much smaller numbers of monasteries compared to churches in the Islamic world.
202
“The Automatic Assault Weapon Attack on the Monks of the Abu Fana Monastery,” Coptic Assembly of America, n.d.,
http://www.copticassembly.org/showart.php?main_id=1146
, translated by the author at Raymond Ibrahim, “Land Dispute or Jihad?,” Raymond Ibrahim: Islam Translated, June 30, 2008,
http://www.raymondibrahim.com/muslim-persecution-of-christians/land-dispute-or-jihad/
.
“The Automatic Assault Weapon Attack on the Monks of the Abu Fana Monastery,” Coptic Assembly of America, n.d.,
http://www.copticassembly.org/showart.php?main_id=1146
, translated by the author at Raymond Ibrahim, “Land Dispute or Jihad?,” Raymond Ibrahim: Islam Translated, June 30, 2008,
http://www.raymondibrahim.com/muslim-persecution-of-christians/land-dispute-or-jihad/
.
203
Mary Abdelmassih, “Egyptian Armed Forces Fire At Christian Monasteries, 19 Injured,” Assyrian International News Agency, February 24, 2011,
http://www.aina.org/news/20110223210634.htm
. Mary Abdelmassih, op. cit., 218.
Mary Abdelmassih, “Egyptian Armed Forces Fire At Christian Monasteries, 19 Injured,” Assyrian International News Agency, February 24, 2011,
http://www.aina.org/news/20110223210634.htm
. Mary Abdelmassih, op. cit., 218.
204
Ibid.
Ibid.
205
Dan Wooding, “Egyptian Coptic Church Accused of ‘Stockpiling Weapons,’”
Christian News Today
,
http://www.christiannewstoday.com/Christian_News_Report_258.html
#.
Dan Wooding, “Egyptian Coptic Church Accused of ‘Stockpiling Weapons,’”
Christian News Today
,
http://www.christiannewstoday.com/Christian_News_Report_258.html
#.
206
Robert Spencer, “Bremer: Arms ‘stocked in mosques,’” Jihad Watch, April 27, 2004,
http://www.jihadwatch.org/2004/04/bremer-arms-stocked-in-mosques.html
.
Robert Spencer, “Bremer: Arms ‘stocked in mosques,’” Jihad Watch, April 27, 2004,
http://www.jihadwatch.org/2004/04/bremer-arms-stocked-in-mosques.html
.
207
“Muslim Brotherhood Statement on Latest Abbassiya Events, Atrocities and Arrests,” Ikhwan Web, May 5, 2012,
http://www.ikhwanweb.com/article.php?id=29960
.
“Muslim Brotherhood Statement on Latest Abbassiya Events, Atrocities and Arrests,” Ikhwan Web, May 5, 2012,
http://www.ikhwanweb.com/article.php?id=29960
.
208
VOR, “Syria: Armed Attack On Catholic Monastery,”
Eurasia Review
, February 26, 2012,
http://www.eurasiareview.com/26022012-syria-armed-attack-on-catholic-monastery/
.
VOR, “Syria: Armed Attack On Catholic Monastery,”
Eurasia Review
, February 26, 2012,
http://www.eurasiareview.com/26022012-syria-armed-attack-on-catholic-monastery/
.
209
“Syria: christian monastery assaulted north of Damascus,”
ANSAmed
, August 6, 2012, o
http://www.ansamed.info/ansamed/en/news/sections/generalnews/2012/08/06/Syria-christian-monastery-assaulted-north-Damascus_7303597.html
.
“Syria: christian monastery assaulted north of Damascus,”
ANSAmed
, August 6, 2012, o
http://www.ansamed.info/ansamed/en/news/sections/generalnews/2012/08/06/Syria-christian-monastery-assaulted-north-Damascus_7303597.html
.
210
“Turkey: Oldest Christian monastery at risk,”
ANSAmed
, July 12, 2012,
http://www.ansamed.info/ansamed/en/news/sections/generalnews/2012/07/12/Turkey-Oldest-Christian-monastery-risk_7176199.html
.
“Turkey: Oldest Christian monastery at risk,”
ANSAmed
, July 12, 2012,
http://www.ansamed.info/ansamed/en/news/sections/generalnews/2012/07/12/Turkey-Oldest-Christian-monastery-risk_7176199.html
.
211
Raymond Ibrahim, “Calls to Destroy Egypt’s Great Pyramids Begin,” FrontPage Magazine, July 11, 2012,
http://frontpagemag.com/2012/raymond-ibrahim/muslim-brotherhood-destroy-the-pyramids/
.
Raymond Ibrahim, “Calls to Destroy Egypt’s Great Pyramids Begin,” FrontPage Magazine, July 11, 2012,
http://frontpagemag.com/2012/raymond-ibrahim/muslim-brotherhood-destroy-the-pyramids/
.
212
Sidney H. Griffith,
The Church in the Shadow of the Mosque: Christians and Muslims in the World of Islam
(Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2008), 14.
Sidney H. Griffith,
The Church in the Shadow of the Mosque: Christians and Muslims in the World of Islam
(Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2008), 14.
213
Sir William Muir,
The Life of Mahomet
(London: Smith, Elder & Co., 1878), 208, footnote 1.
Sir William Muir,
The Life of Mahomet
(London: Smith, Elder & Co., 1878), 208, footnote 1.
214
Sahih al-Bukhari,
The Book of the Stories of the Prophets
. 4:60:3448.
Sahih al-Bukhari,
The Book of the Stories of the Prophets
. 4:60:3448.
215
Abu Ismael al-Azdi, translation by the author,
Futuh al-Sham
(Calcutta: Baptist Mission Press, 1854), 103.
Abu Ismael al-Azdi, translation by the author,
Futuh al-Sham
(Calcutta: Baptist Mission Press, 1854), 103.
216
Adel Guindy,
Hikayat al-Ihtilal
, translation by the author, “Stories of the Occupation: Correcting Misunderstandings,” (Cairo: Middle East Freedom Forum, 2009), 88.
Adel Guindy,
Hikayat al-Ihtilal
, translation by the author, “Stories of the Occupation: Correcting Misunderstandings,” (Cairo: Middle East Freedom Forum, 2009), 88.
217
David Nicolle,
Romano-Byzantine Armies: 4
th
–9
th
Centuries
(Oxford: Osprey Publishing, 1992), 12.
David Nicolle,
Romano-Byzantine Armies: 4
th
–9
th
Centuries
(Oxford: Osprey Publishing, 1992), 12.
218
Chris Stephen, “British war graves in Libya desecrated by Islamist militants,”
Guardian
, March 3, 2012,
http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2012/mar/04/libya-war-graves-desecrated
.
Chris Stephen, “British war graves in Libya desecrated by Islamist militants,”
Guardian
, March 3, 2012,
http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2012/mar/04/libya-war-graves-desecrated
.
219
Raymond Ibrahim, “Egypt’s Jihad Organizations Call for Christian Genocide,” Raymond Ibrahim: Islam Translated, August 14, 2012,
http://www.raymondibrahim.com/from-the-arab-world/egypts-jihad-organizations-call-for-christian-genocide/
.
Raymond Ibrahim, “Egypt’s Jihad Organizations Call for Christian Genocide,” Raymond Ibrahim: Islam Translated, August 14, 2012,
http://www.raymondibrahim.com/from-the-arab-world/egypts-jihad-organizations-call-for-christian-genocide/
.
220
“Copts United Exposes through Formal Sources Aswan Governor’s False Claims Concerning Church of Maranib,” Copts United, n.d.,
http://www.copts-united.com/Arabic2011/PrintPage.php?A=44523
.
“Copts United Exposes through Formal Sources Aswan Governor’s False Claims Concerning Church of Maranib,” Copts United, n.d.,
http://www.copts-united.com/Arabic2011/PrintPage.php?A=44523
.
221
Raymond Ibrahim, “Tunisia: Muslims Threaten Church, Cover Its Cross with Garbage Bags,” Raymond Ibrahim: Islam Translated, April 5, 2012,
http://www.raymondibrahim.com/from-the-arab-world/tunisia-muslims-threaten-church-cover-its-cross-with-garbage-bags/
.
Raymond Ibrahim, “Tunisia: Muslims Threaten Church, Cover Its Cross with Garbage Bags,” Raymond Ibrahim: Islam Translated, April 5, 2012,
http://www.raymondibrahim.com/from-the-arab-world/tunisia-muslims-threaten-church-cover-its-cross-with-garbage-bags/
.
222
“Tunisia–The Russian school and Christian cemetery of Montplaisir attacked,”
Business News,
May 4, 2012,
http://www.businessnews.com.tn/Tunisie-–-Lécole-russe-et-le-cimetière-chrétien-de-Montplaisir-attaquà ©s,520,30347,3
.
“Tunisia–The Russian school and Christian cemetery of Montplaisir attacked,”
Business News,
May 4, 2012,
http://www.businessnews.com.tn/Tunisie-–-Lécole-russe-et-le-cimetière-chrétien-de-Montplaisir-attaquà ©s,520,30347,3
.
223
Michael Ireland, “Historical Christian Cemetery in Iran turned into Residential Area,” ASSIST News Service, February 21, 2012,
http://www.assistnews.net/STORIES/2012/s12020093.htm
.
Michael Ireland, “Historical Christian Cemetery in Iran turned into Residential Area,” ASSIST News Service, February 21, 2012,
http://www.assistnews.net/STORIES/2012/s12020093.htm
.
224
Stephen, “British war graves in Libya desecrated.”
Stephen, “British war graves in Libya desecrated.”
225
“More than 160 graves desecrated in two Catholic cemeteries, bronze crosses stolen,” Agenzia Fides, October 12, 2012,
http://www.fides.org/aree/news/newsdet.php?idnews=32414&lan=eng
.
“More than 160 graves desecrated in two Catholic cemeteries, bronze crosses stolen,” Agenzia Fides, October 12, 2012,
http://www.fides.org/aree/news/newsdet.php?idnews=32414&lan=eng
.
226
Mary Abdelmassih, “Coptic Christian Student Murdered By Classmates for Wearing a Cross,” Assyrian International News Agency, October 30, 2011,
http://www.aina.org/news/20111030133621.htm
.
Mary Abdelmassih, “Coptic Christian Student Murdered By Classmates for Wearing a Cross,” Assyrian International News Agency, October 30, 2011,
http://www.aina.org/news/20111030133621.htm
.
227
Gary Lane, “Ex-Muslim Boy Clings to Faith Despite Beatings,” CBN News, February 9, 2012,
http://www.cbn.com/cbnnews/world/2012/February/Ex-Muslim-Boy-Clings-to-Faith-Despite-Beatings-/
.
Gary Lane, “Ex-Muslim Boy Clings to Faith Despite Beatings,” CBN News, February 9, 2012,
http://www.cbn.com/cbnnews/world/2012/February/Ex-Muslim-Boy-Clings-to-Faith-Despite-Beatings-/
.
228
Raymond Ibrahim, “The Strange—and Tragic—Case of Nagla Imam,” Raymond Ibrahim: Islam Translated, July 15, 2010,
http://www.raymondibrahim.com/muslim-persecution-of-christians/the-strange-and-tragic-case-of-nagla-imam/
.
Raymond Ibrahim, “The Strange—and Tragic—Case of Nagla Imam,” Raymond Ibrahim: Islam Translated, July 15, 2010,
http://www.raymondibrahim.com/muslim-persecution-of-christians/the-strange-and-tragic-case-of-nagla-imam/
.
229
Marisol Seibold, “Egypt: Off-duty Muslim police officer boards train, shoots Christians, killing 71-year-old man,” Jihad Watch, January 11, 2011,
http://www.jihadwatch.org/2011/01/egypt-off-duty-muslim-police-officer-boards-train-shoots-christians-killing-71-year-old-man.html
.
Marisol Seibold, “Egypt: Off-duty Muslim police officer boards train, shoots Christians, killing 71-year-old man,” Jihad Watch, January 11, 2011,
http://www.jihadwatch.org/2011/01/egypt-off-duty-muslim-police-officer-boards-train-shoots-christians-killing-71-year-old-man.html
.
230
Myles Collier, “Abductions and Forced Conversions of Christian Coptic Women in Egypt Dramatically Increase,”
Christian Post
, July 19, 2012,
http://global.christianpost.com/news/abductions-and-forced-conversions-of-christian-coptic-women-in-egypt-dramatically-increase-78562/
.
Myles Collier, “Abductions and Forced Conversions of Christian Coptic Women in Egypt Dramatically Increase,”
Christian Post
, July 19, 2012,
http://global.christianpost.com/news/abductions-and-forced-conversions-of-christian-coptic-women-in-egypt-dramatically-increase-78562/
.
231
Laura Cox, “‘They wanted to hang me . . . they thought it would be an insult to Islam if I lived’: New beginning in Texas for Pakistani Christian woman who suffered savage acid attack by Muslim man who thought she was a traitor,”
Daily Mail,
July 12, 2012,
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2172338/They-wanted-hang—thought-insult-Islam-I-lived-New-life-Pakistani-Christian-woman-suffered-savage-acid-attack-Muslim-man-thought-traitor.html
.
Laura Cox, “‘They wanted to hang me . . . they thought it would be an insult to Islam if I lived’: New beginning in Texas for Pakistani Christian woman who suffered savage acid attack by Muslim man who thought she was a traitor,”
Daily Mail,
July 12, 2012,
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2172338/They-wanted-hang—thought-insult-Islam-I-lived-New-life-Pakistani-Christian-woman-suffered-savage-acid-attack-Muslim-man-thought-traitor.html
.
232
“Muslims Force Expat Christian Teacher to Flee Maldives,” World Watch Monitor, October 5, 2012,
http://www.worldwatchmonitor.org/english/country/23845/26545
.
“Muslims Force Expat Christian Teacher to Flee Maldives,” World Watch Monitor, October 5, 2012,
http://www.worldwatchmonitor.org/english/country/23845/26545
.
233
Tim Hinchliffe, “Saudi Arabia arrests Colombian soccer player over religious tattoos,”
Colombia Reports
, October 11, 2011,
http://colombiareports.com/colombia-news/sports/19579-colombian-footballer-arrested-in-saudi-arabia-over-religious-tattoos.html
.
Tim Hinchliffe, “Saudi Arabia arrests Colombian soccer player over religious tattoos,”
Colombia Reports
, October 11, 2011,
http://colombiareports.com/colombia-news/sports/19579-colombian-footballer-arrested-in-saudi-arabia-over-religious-tattoos.html
.
234
Mathias Hariyadi, “Indonesian Red Cross does not give in to Islamist, cross remains in logo,”
AsiaNews
, February 27, 2012,
http://www.asianews.it/news-en/Indonesian-Red-Cross-does-not-give-in-to-Islamist,-cross-remains-in-logo-24085. html
.
Mathias Hariyadi, “Indonesian Red Cross does not give in to Islamist, cross remains in logo,”
AsiaNews
, February 27, 2012,
http://www.asianews.it/news-en/Indonesian-Red-Cross-does-not-give-in-to-Islamist,-cross-remains-in-logo-24085. html
.
235
Tobias Stern Johansen, “Kristen præst flygter fra chikane i Vollsmose,”
Kristeligt Dagblad,
January 12, 2011,
http://www.kristeligt-dagblad.dk/artikel/402789:Danmark—Kristen-praest-flygter-fra-chikane-i-Vollsmose
; Jihad Watch translation available online at
http://www.jihadwatch.org/2012/01/more-muslim-racism-against-danes.html
, translation by the author.
Tobias Stern Johansen, “Kristen præst flygter fra chikane i Vollsmose,”
Kristeligt Dagblad,
January 12, 2011,
http://www.kristeligt-dagblad.dk/artikel/402789:Danmark—Kristen-praest-flygter-fra-chikane-i-Vollsmose
; Jihad Watch translation available online at
http://www.jihadwatch.org/2012/01/more-muslim-racism-against-danes.html
, translation by the author.
236
Ulises Sánchez-Flor, “El escudo del Madrid, sin la cruz en Oriente Medio,”
Marca
, March 30, 2012,
http://www.marca.com/2012/03/30/futbol/equipos/real_madrid/1333103798.html?a=ad5704e8324c4dab41fc92192b49db03&t=1356804374
, translation by the author.
Ulises Sánchez-Flor, “El escudo del Madrid, sin la cruz en Oriente Medio,”
Marca
, March 30, 2012,
http://www.marca.com/2012/03/30/futbol/equipos/real_madrid/1333103798.html?a=ad5704e8324c4dab41fc92192b49db03&t=1356804374
, translation by the author.
237
“Swiss makes Muslims cross over billboard ads,”
The Local
, October 16, 2012,
http://www.thelocal.ch/page/view/swiss-makes-muslims-cross-over-billboard-ads#.UONbEYnjnUO
.
“Swiss makes Muslims cross over billboard ads,”
The Local
, October 16, 2012,
http://www.thelocal.ch/page/view/swiss-makes-muslims-cross-over-billboard-ads#.UONbEYnjnUO
.
238
Todd Starnes, “Do Crosses at Catholic University Violate ‘Human Rights’ of Muslims?,” Fox News, October 26, 2011,
http://radio.foxnews.com/toddstarnes/top-stories/muslims-want-catholic-school-to-provide-room-without-crosses.html
.
Todd Starnes, “Do Crosses at Catholic University Violate ‘Human Rights’ of Muslims?,” Fox News, October 26, 2011,
http://radio.foxnews.com/toddstarnes/top-stories/muslims-want-catholic-school-to-provide-room-without-crosses.html
.
239
Mark Durie, “Islam’s Tradition of Breaking the Cross,” Gatestone Institute, March 9, 2012,
http://www.gatestoneinstitute.org/2920/islam-tradition-breaking-cross
.
PART THREE:Mark Durie, “Islam’s Tradition of Breaking the Cross,” Gatestone Institute, March 9, 2012,
http://www.gatestoneinstitute.org/2920/islam-tradition-breaking-cross
.
1
Michael Bonner,
Jihad in Islamic History
(Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2006), 11.
Michael Bonner,
Jihad in Islamic History
(Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2006), 11.
2
Felisa Neuringer Klubes, “Obituary: Majid Khadduri, Founder of SAIS Middle East Studies Program, Dies,”
Johns Hopkins University Gazette
, February 5, 2007,
http://www.jhu.edu/~gazette/2007/05feb07/05obit.html
. The quotations of Khadduri are from Majid Khadduri,
War and Peace in the Law of Islam
(Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 1955), 149-152.
Felisa Neuringer Klubes, “Obituary: Majid Khadduri, Founder of SAIS Middle East Studies Program, Dies,”
Johns Hopkins University Gazette
, February 5, 2007,
http://www.jhu.edu/~gazette/2007/05feb07/05obit.html
. The quotations of Khadduri are from Majid Khadduri,
War and Peace in the Law of Islam
(Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 1955), 149-152.
Other books
Error humano by Chuck Palahniuk
Dreams from Bunker Hill by John Fante
Captive by Brenda Rothert
Pictures of You by Caroline Leavitt
Hard Rain by Rollins, David
Dragon Bound by Thea Harrison
The Marching Season by Daniel Silva
Waiting in Line for the New iPad by Max Sebastian
Laughing at My Nightmare by Shane Burcaw
The Color Of Night by Lindsey, David