3 Samuel M. Zwemer, The Law of Apostasy in Islam: Answering the Question Why There are So Few Moslem Converts, and Giving Examples of Their Moral Courage and Martyrdom (London: Marshall Brothers, 1916), 50–51, 123.
17 Frank M. Rega, St. Francis of Assisi and the Conversion of Muslims (Rockford: Tan Books and Publishers, 2007), 60-75.
18 Sidney H. Griffith, The Church in the Shadow of the Mosque: Christians and Muslims in the World of Islam (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2008), 99.
24 Carl Brockelmann, History of the Islamic Peoples (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1948), 45; Philip Khuri Hitti, ed., The Origins of the Islamic State (New York: AMS Press, 1968), 143.
30 As with all things of history, the lack of documentation, especially for entire epochs and regions, particularly before the modern era, poses a difficulty for historians seeking to ascertain exact details.
31 Nomikos Michael Vaporis, ed., Witnesses for Christ: Orthodox Christian Neomartyrs of the Ottoman Period 1437-1860 (Crestwood: St. Vladimir’s Seminary Press, 2000), 15.
33 Sidney H. Griffith, The Church in the Shadow of the Mosque: Christians and Muslims in the World of Islam (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2008), 149-151.
34 Adrian Fortescue, The Lesser Eastern Churches (New York: AMS Press, 1972), 247.