Diary of a Napoleonic Footsoldier (20 page)
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Authors: Jakob Walter
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Bulgakov.
Ruskiye i Napoleon Bonaparte
[
The Russians and Napoleon Bonaparte
].
Pokhod rossiiskikh i soiuznykh voisk v Germaniiu i Frantsiiu. V 1813 i v nachale 1814 goda. Chast’ pervaia. Ot perekhoda Rossiiskikh voisk za granitsu, do zakliucheniia peremiriia.
Izd. vtoroe. [The campaign of Russian and allied troops to Germany and France. In 1813 and the beginning of 1814. Part One. From the crossing of the border by Russian troops until the conclusion of the truce. Second edition.] Moscow: Tip. S. Silivanovskago [sic: Selivanovskago], 1814.
Plate 11.
Bulgakov was a diplomat and high-ranking Imperial official. The Library’s copy of Bulgakov (see Moskovskii Zhitel, below) bears the ex libris of P. A. Efremov (1830–1907), the noted bibliographer and bibliophile, and at some point
passed through the well-known St. Petersburg antiquarian bookstore of V. I. Klochkov (1862–1915).
Faber du Faur.
Blätter aus meinem Portefeuille
[Leaves from My Portfolio] [1831–43].
Plates 3–9, 16–19.
Drawings of the French campaign are by the artist Faber du Faur, published by F. Autenrieth of Stuttgart. The Library’s volume of plates was originally in the collections of the Museum Library in Ludwigsburg, and bears its bookstamp.
Hess, Peter von.
Illiustrirovannaia otechestvennaia voina 1812 g.
[The War of 1812 in Illustrations]. St. Petersburg: Tip. F. S. Sushchinskago, 1887.
Plate 10.
Photoengraved by I. Goffert from a painting by P. von Hess (1792–1871). This photoengraving was published by the firm of Shere-Nabgol’ts and Company in Moscow.
Moskovskii Zhitel [A Moscow Resident, i.e., Bulgakov, A. Ia.].
Ruskiye i Napoleon Bonaparte
… Izd. vtoroe. [The Russians and Napoleon Bonaparte … Second edition.] Moscow: Tip. S. Selivanovskago, 1813.
Plate 12.
This earlier, variant edition of Bulgakov (see above) is bound in a fine presentation binding, stamped in small letters with the names of the artists. Purchased by New York antiquarian bookdealer Simeon A. Bolan in 1935, like many volumes in the NYPL, it was most probably of Imperial provenance.
Mundt, Albert (ed.).
Die Freiheitskriege in Bildern
[The Wars of Liberation in Pictures]. Munich/Leipzig: Einhorn Verlag, 1913.
Chapter headpieces.
The illustrations that appear at the opening of each section depict the retreat of wounded and maimed French soldiers. The illustrations were made on the spot by C. G. H. Geissler, and are now in the collections of the State Historical Museum in Leipzig.
[Pöhlmann, J. P.].
Die Kosacken: Oder Historische Darstellung
… [The Cossacks: Or Their Historical Formation …]. Vienna and Prague: Joseph Feldner, [1812].
Plate 15.
Springer, Otto, ed. and trans.
A German Conscript with Napoleon: Jakob Walter’s Recollections of the Campaigns of 1806–1807, 1809, and 1812–1813.
In
Bulletin of the University of Kansas
, vol. 6, no. 3. Lawrence, Kans., 1938.
Frontispiece.
Terebenev, I. “Ugoshchenie Napoleonu v Rossii” [“An offering to Napoleon in Russia”].
Karrikatury Napoleona I
[Caricatures of Napoleon I]. [n.p., n.d.] Printed and engraved by Miterebenov.
Plate 14.
This engraving is also reproduced in Dmitrii A. Rovinskii’s
Russkie narodnye kartinki
[Russian popular prints], vol. 2. St. Petersburg, 1881–93.
R
ULERS AND
R
EGIMES
FRANCE
| 1774–92 | Louis XVI |
| 1792–95 | National Convention (Convention Nationale) |
| 1795–99 | Directory (Directoire) |
| 1799–1804 | Consulate |
| 1804–14/15 | Napoleon I, Emperor of the French |
| 1814/1815–24 | Louis XVIII |
| 1762–96 | Catherine II |
| 1796–1801 | Paul I |
| 1801–25 | Alexander I |
| 1780–90 | Joseph II, Emperor of Holy Roman Empire of the Germanic Nation, Duke of Austria |
| 1790–92 | Leopold II (same as above) |
| 1792–1835 | Francis II, Emperor of Holy Roman Empire and Duke of Austria until 1804; Emperor of Holy Roman Empire and of Austria, 1804–6; Emperor of Austria, 1804–35 |
| 1786–97 | Frederick William II |
| 1797–1840 | Frederick William III |
| 1760–1820 | George III (from 1811 until his death, his son, later George IV, acted as regent) |
| 1783–1801, 1804–6 | William Pitt the Younger, Prime Minister |
| 1797–1816 | Friedrich II |
| 1816–64 | Wilhelm I |
AIN
E
VENTS IN
E
UROPE
| 1789 | 5 May | Convocation of Estates General |
| 14 July | Storming of Bastille | |
| 4 August | Abolition of feudal rights and privileges | |
| 27 August | Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen | |
| 1792–97 | War of the First Coalition | |
| 1792 | 20 April | Declaration of war on Austria |
| 20 September | Battle of Valmy—French repulse the invasion | |
| 6 November | Battle of Jemappes—Austrians evacuate Belgium | |
| 19 November | Proclamation promising liberation of peoples from monarchical tyranny | |
| 1793–94 | Reign of Terror | |
| 1793 | 23 August | Universal levy of male population—creation of the “nation in arms” |
| 19 December | Lifting of siege of Toulon by English navy—Bonaparte earns his first laurels (born on 15 August 1769 at Ajaccio in Corsica) | |
| 1795 | Proclamation of Batavian Republic | |
| 5 March | Treaty of Basel—Prussia withdraws from war | |
| 1796–97 | Bonaparte’s Italian campaign—victories of Lodi, Arcola, Rivoli—proclamation of Lombard Republic | |
| 1797 | 18 April | Preliminaries of peace at Leoben with Austria |
| 9 July | Proclamation of Cisalpine Republic | |
| 17 October | Treaty of Campo Formio—Austria concedes French acquisitions | |
| 1798–99 | Bonaparte in Egypt | |
| 1798–1801 | War of the Second Coalition | |
| 1798 | 9 November | Bonaparte’s coup d’état—proclaimed First Consul (18 Brumaire, according to revolutionary calendar) |
| 1801 | 9 February | Treaty of Lunéville with Austria |
| 1802 | 27 March | Treaty of Amiens with England |
| 18 May | Creation of the Légion d’honneur | |
| 2 August | Bonaparte proclaimed Consul for life | |
| 1804 | 18 May | Bonaparte proclaims himself Emperor of the French |
| 2 December | Coronation of Napoleon as emperor | |
| 1805 | Third Coalition formed against France | |
| 21 October | Battle of Trafalgar | |
| 2 December | Battle of Austerlitz | |
| 26 December | Treaty of Pressburg with Austria | |
| 1806–7 | War with Prussia and Russia | |
| 1806–12 | War between Turkey and Russia | |
| 1806 | 12 July | Confederation of the Rhine formed |
| 6 August | Holy Roman Empire of the Germanic Nation dissolved | |
| 14 October | Battles of Jena and Auerstädt—Berlin occupied by French | |
| 21 November | Decree of Berlin instituting Continental Blockade | |
| 1807–11 | Reforms in Prussia | |
| 1807 | 7–8 February | Battle of Eylau |
| 14 June | Battle of Friedland | |
| 7–9 July | Treaties of Tilsit with Prussia and Russia | |
| 1808–9 | Russo-Swedish War—Russia conquers Finland | |
| 1808–14 | Napoleon’s war in Spain | |
| 1809–10 | Tyrolean rebellion | |
| 1809 | War with Austria | |
| 5–6 July | Battle of Wagram | |
| 14 October | Treaty of Schönbrunn with Austria | |
| 1810 | April | Napoleon marries Archduchess Marie Louise of Austria |
| 1812 | 28 May | Treaty of Bucharest ending Russo-Turkish war |
| 24–26 June | Napoleon crosses Niemen River | |
| 17–18 August | Battle of Smolensk | |
| 7 September | Battle of Borodino (or of the Moskova) | |
| 14 September | Moscow occupied by Grande Armée | |
| 15–19 September | Fire devastates Moscow | |
| 19 October | Napoleon orders retreat | |
| 24 October | Battle of Maloiaroslavets | |
| 26–28 November | Grande Armée recrosses Berezina River | |
| 1813 | 3 February | Appeal by Prussia to rise against Napoleon |
| 28 February | Convention of Kalisch between Russia and Prussia to carry on war against Napoleon | |
| 17 March | Organization of Landsturm and Landwehr in Prussia and German lands | |
| 12 August | Austria reenters war against France | |
| 9 September | Treaty of Teplitz—Austria, Prussia, and Russia agree to fight France to victory | |
| 16–19 September | Battle of Leipzig | |
| 1814 | 9 March | Treaty of Chaumont—Four-power treaty setting up Quadruple Alliance of England, Austria, Russia, and Prussia |
| 31 March | Allies enter Paris | |
| 11 April | Napoleon abdicates—goes into exile to island of Elba | |
| 30 May | First Treaty of Paris | |
| September 1814–June 1815 | Congress of Vienna | |
| 1815 | 20 March–29 June | The Hundred Days |
| 18 June | Battle of Waterloo | |
| 22 June | Second abdication of Napleon—eventually banned to island of St. Helena, where he died in 1821 | |
| 7 July | Second occupation of Paris and return of Louis XVIII | |
| 1815 | 26 September | Conclusion of Holy Alliance |
| 20 November | Second Peace Treaty of Paris—Renewal of Quadruple Alliance |
T
he names are first given as they appear in the text of Walter’s autobiography. Alternative spellings and designations are given to facilitate their identification on more recent maps.
The distances indicated are approximate and largely culled from the notes in the original publication,
Bulletin of the University of Kansas—Humanistic Studies
, vol. VI, no. 3 (Lawrence, Kans.: University of Kansas, Department of Journalism Press, 1938). In some cases, especially in East Prussia, places could not be identified since there has been a radical renaming since 1945.
Adlerberg territory—see
Vorarlberg
Altdorf—now Weingarten
Altshausen—40 km N of Lake Constance
Ansbach—40 km SW of Nuremberg
Asperg—Asberg—5 km E of Ludwigsburg, 10 km NW of Stuttgart
Baltic Sea
Bayreuth—in Bavaria, Upper Franconia
Beeskow on the Spree—Brandenburg province, 40 km SW of Frankfurt-on-the-Oder
Belgard—Białogard—Pomerania, now Poland, 35 km SE of Colberg
Beresina—Berezina—river, E of Minsk
Berlin—capital of Prussia
Bernlohhof—Bernlohöf—hamlet 15 km S. of Ellwangen
Beshenkovichi—35 km SW of Vitebsk
Biberach—in Württemberg, 100 km SE of Stuttgart
Bischofstein—East Prussia, SW of Königsberg
Bobr—190 km W of Smolensk
Borissov—Borisov—75 km NE of Minsk
Borodino—hamlet on confluent of Kolocha and Moskva rivers, 110 km W of Moscow
Borovsk—20 km N of Malo Jaroslavetz
Brandenburg—province of Prussia, also provincial town
Braslav—50 km SE of Dvinsk
Bregenz—on Lake Constance in Austrian Tyrol
Breslau—Wrocław—capital of Silesia, now Poland
Buchhorn—now Friedrichshafen on Lake Constance
Bug—river in Poland
Bunzlau—in Silesia, 35 km WNW of Liegnitz
Calw—Kalw—in Württemberg, 30 km SW of Stuttgart
Cassel—Kassel—in Hessen, Germany
Colberg—Kolberg—Kołobrzeg—in Pomerania, now Poland
Constance, Lake of—Bodensee—between Switzerland, Austria, and Germany
Crossen—Krossen—45 km SE from Frankfurt-on-the-Oder in Brandenburg
Dam—Altdamm—village 5 km ESE of Stettin, Pomerania, now Poland
Danzig—Gdańsk, 274 km NW of Warsaw
Darkehmen—East Prussia, SE of Königsberg
Diescony—village, see Labonary
Dinkelsbühl—Bavaria, 20 km NE of Ellwangen
Disna—30 km W of Polotsk
Dnieper—Dnepr—river in U.S.S.R.
Dornbirn—in Austrian Vorarlberg, 13 km S of Bregenz
Dorogobush—Dorogobuzh—75 km ENE of Smolensk
Dresden—capital of Saxony
Drysviaty—Drisviaty—between Vilna and Dvina River
Dubrovna—W of Smolensk—75 km NNE of Mohilev on the Dnieper
Dvina—Dünau—river in Latvia
Dvinsk—Dünaburg—Daugavpils—in Lithuania
Eisleben—in Anhalt, 60 km NW of Leipzig
Elbe—river in Germany
Elhardorf?
Ellwangen on the Jagst—in Württemberg, 60 km ENE of Stuttgart
Eve—village between Kovno and Vilna
Frankenstein—in Prussian Silesia, 50 km E of Berlin
Frankfort-on-the-Oder—Frankfurt-on-the-Oder—in Posen province of Prussia
Fraustadt—in Posen province
Fürstenwalde—in Brandenburg, 50 km E of Berlin
Galicia—province, formerly part of Austrian Poland, now U.S.S.R.
Glatz—Kłodzko—Silesia, on Neisse River, 80 km S of Breslau
Gnesen—Gniezno—in Prussian Poland, 45 km E of Posen
Grodno—Byelorussian S.S.R., 150 km SW of Vilna
Grossglogau—fortress on Oder in Silesia, 60 km WNW of Breslau—also known as Glogau—Głogòw
Gshatsk—Gzhatsk—150 km WSW of Moscow
Hechingen—55 km S of Stuttgart
Hochkirch—village, now in Poland
Hofen—combined with Buchhorn to form Friedrichshafen on Lake Constance
Hohenberg—village, 7.5 km NW of Ellwangen
Inowrazlav—Inowrocław—between Gnesen and Thorn
Isny—80 km SE of Ulm in Bavaria
Kalisch—Kalisz—200 km WSW of Warsaw
Kaluga—175 km SWS of Moscow
Kalvaria—Kalvariya—180 km ESE of Königsberg
Kempten—60 km E of Friedrichshafen on Lake Constance
Killerthal—valley of Starzel River, S of Tübingen, Württemberg
Kochanova—Kokhanovo—140 km W of Smolensk
Königsberg—Kaliningrad—capital of East Prussia, now U.S.S.R.
Kosatschisna—Karachisno—village between Vilna and Dvina River
Kovno—Kowno—Kaunas—Lithuania, its capital from 1920 to 1940
Krasnoë—30 km WSW of Smolensk
Kremlin—fortress and palace section of Moscow
Krupky—Krupki—195 km W of Smolensk
Künzelsau—35 km NE of Heilbronn, Württemberg
Labonary—Diescony?—village between Vilna and Dvina River
Lagarben—Laggarben—Lamgarben—East Prussia, S of Königsberg
Landsberg on the Warthe—Gorzòw Wielkopolske—140 km E of Berlin
Leipsic—Leipzig—major city in Saxony
Liecnize—Loshnitsa?—near Bobr
Lindau—on Lake Constance, 20 km E of Friedrichshafen
Löventin—village in East Prussia, S of Königsberg
Ludwigsburg—royal residence, 9 km N of Stuttgart
Main—river, Germany
Maliaty—N of Vilna, E of Vilkomirz
Malo Jaroslavetz—Maloiaroslavets—110 km SWS of Moscow
Marburg—in Hessen, Germany
Mariampol—Mariyampole—50 km NE of Suwałki
Marmsfeld?
Memel—Niemań—Nemunas—river in Lithuania and Byelorussian S.S.R.
Mergentheim—in Württemberg, 90 km NE of Stuttgart
Minsk—in Byelorussian S.S.R., 250 km W of Smolensk
Moldavia—province, formerly in Ottoman Empire, then Romania, now in U.S.S.R.
Molodetschno—Molodechno—100 km SE of Vilna
Moscow—Moskva—capital of Russia and U.S.S.R.
Moshaisk—Mozhaisk—Mazaik—120 km W of Moscow
Moskva—river flowing through Moscow, tributary of Oka and Volga
Narev—Narew—Narwa—river in Poland
Neeswicz—perhaps Nezvizh—SSW of Minsk
Neglinnaia—rivulet, tributary of Moskva River at the Kremlin, now covered over
Neisse—Nisa—on Klodzka River, in Silesia, now Poland
Niemen—river, see Memel
Niklawi—Mlava?—Mława?—110 km NNW of Warsaw
Nordenburg—East Prussia, 75 km SE of Königsberg
Nuremberg—Nürnberg—in Bavaria
Oder—Odra—river, now border of Poland on the west
Oehringen—20 km NE of Heilbronn
Orscha—Orsha—100 km W of Smolensk
Ortelsburg—East Prussia, 120 km SES of Königsberg
Ostrovno—village near Vitebsk
Plauen—in Saxony, 90 km SW of Leipzig
Plechnizi—Pleshchenitsy—75 km NE of Minsk, 40 km from Borissov
Plock—Plotsk—100 km WNW of Warsaw
Polotsk—Polock—on Dvina River, Byelorussian S.S.R.
Pomerania—province of Prussia, now Poland
Poniemon—Panemune—SE of Kovno on Niemen River
Posen—Poznań—midway between Berlin and Warsaw in former Prussian Poland
Prussia—kingdom
Ravensburg—20 km N of Friedrichshafen
Reichenbach—Silesia, 45 km SW of Breslau
Reppen—village in Brandenburg, 18 km E of Frankfurt-on-the-Oder
Rettstadt—5 km E of Ellwangen
Riga—capital of Lativian S.S.R.
Rosenberg—10 km NW of Ellwangen
Saale—river in Germany
St. Petersburg—Petrograd—Leningrad—captial of Russia from 1712 to 1918
Saulgau—55 km SE of Ulm in Bavaria
Saxe-Coburg—Sachsen-Koburg—former principality in Saxony
Saxe-Weimar—Sachsen-Weimar—former principality in Anhalt-Saxe
Saxony—Sachsen—formerly kingdom in Germany
Schorndorf—Württemberg, 25 km E of Stuttgart
Schweidnitz—Scheweinitz—Saxony, 65 km NE of Leipzig
Seeburg—East Prussia, SW of Königsberg
Selnia—river near Moscow
Sembin—Zembin—25 km NWN of Borissov
Semlevo—125 km NE of Smolensk
Silberberg—in Silesia, 50 km SE of Berlin
Silesia—Schlesien—province of kingdom of Prague
Slaiski—Seliche? Sedlicz?—between Minsk and Vilnius
Smolensk—capital of Byelorussian S.S.R.
Smorgoni—100 km NW of Minsk on road to Vilna
Spangenberg—S of Cassel
Stargard—in Pomerania, now Poland, 25 km ESE of Stettin
Stettin—Szczecin—on Oder, Pomerania, now Poland
Stuttgart—capital of Württemberg
Thorn—Toruń—200 km NW of Warsaw
Thuringia—Thüringen/Thuringian Forest—Thüringer Wald—mountainous district on border of Saxony
Toloczin—Tolochini—in Byelorussian S.S.R., 160 km W of Smolensk
Torgau—in Saxony, 50 km NE of Leipzig
Tyrol—Tirol—Southwestern province of Austria
Ula—Ulla—on Dvina River, 60 km W of Vitebsk
Vaihingen-on-the-Enz—22 km NW of Stuttgart
Vereia—Vereya—110 km WSW of Moscow, 20 km S of Moshaisk
Verina?
Viasma—Viazma—200 km W of Moscow
Vilkomirz—Wilkomierz—Ukmerge—75 km NW of Vilna
Vilna—Wilno—Vilno—Vilnius—capital of Lithuania
Vistula—Wisła—Weichsel—river in Poland
Vitebsk—in Byelorussian S.S.R.
Vorarlberg—mountainous massif in Western Tyrol on Swiss border
Waiblingen—10 km NE of Stuttgart
Waldenbuch—15 km SW of Stuttgart
Waldsee—35 km N of Friedrichshafen
Wangen—Württemberg, 75 km SW of Ulm
Warsaw—Warszawa—capital of Poland
Warthe—Warta—river in Germany and Poland
Weikersheim on Tauber—60 km N of Ellwangen
Weiltingen—20 km ENE of Ellwangen
Weimar—in Sachsen-Thüringen
Weingarten—monastery, 20 km N of Friedrichshafen
Werra—river in Germany
Westphalia—Westfalen—kingdom set up by Napoleon comprising several German territorial principalities
Württemberg—Württenberg—kingdom
Würzburg—in Bavaria
Wüstenroth—village, 20 km E of Heilbronn