Eagles of the Third Reich: Men of the Luftwaffe in WWII (Stackpole Military History Series) (70 page)

68
. Ibid.

69
. Cooper, p. 251.

70
. Morzik MS.

71
. Ibid.

72
. The Ju-90 was a four-engine, 750 horsepower, long-range commercial transport. The Ju-290 was a modified Ju-90 with a longer fuselage and a 1,700 horsepower engine. The FW-200 “Condor” was a Lufthansa long-range transport that was never made suitable for a military transport (Plocher MS 1942).

73
. Morzik MS.

74
. Ibid.

75
. Plocher MS 1943.

76
. Morzik MS.

77
. Earl F. Ziemke,
Stalingrad to Berlin: The German Defeat in the East
.
United States Department of the Army, Office of the Chief of Military History (Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office, 1966), pp. 61 and 75 (hereafter cited as “Ziemke”).

78
. Plocher MS 1942.

79
. Ibid.

80
. Ibid.

81
. Irving 1977, p. 458.

82
. Seaton, Moscow, p. 328.

83
. Morzik MS.

84
. Ibid.

85
. Irving,
Milch
,
pp. 184–87.

86
. Ibid, p. 196.

87
. Plocher MS 1943; Morzik MS.

88
. Irving,
Milch
,
p. 197.

89
. Morzik MS.

90
. Irving,
Milch
,
p. 197.

91
. Plocher MS 1942.

92
. Ibid.

93
. Morzik MS.

94
. Plocher MS 1942.

95
. Morzik MS.

96
. Plocher MS 1942.

97
. Irving 1977, p. 485.

98
. Gen. Off.s, GAF.

99
. Plocher MS 1942.

100
. Mosley, p. 359.

CHAPTER 11: THE BOMBINGS BEGIN, 1942

  
1
. Galland, p. 127.

  
2
. Sir Charles Webster and Noble Frankland,
The Strategic Air Offensive against Germany, 1939–1945
(London: Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, 1961), Volume II, pp. 392–93 (hereafter cited as “Webster and Frankland”).

  
3
. Ibid; Manvill and Fraenkel, pp. 260–61; Noble Frankland,
Bomber Offensive: The Devastation of Europe
(New York: Ballantine Books, 1970), pp. 42–43 (hereafter cited as “Frankland”).

  
4
. Goebbels, p. 183.

  
5
. Ibid, pp. 216–18; Webster and Frankland II, pp. 393–94.

  
6
. Earl R. Beck,
Under the Bombs: The German Home Front, 1942–1945
(Lexington: University of Kentucky Press, 1986), p. 3 (hereafter cited as “Beck”).

  
7
. Cooper, pp. 185–86; Beck, pp. 1–2.

  
8
. Beck, pp. 8–9.

  
9
. Webster and Frankland II, pp. 406–8.

10
. Brett-Smith, p. 138.

11
. Cooper, p. 191.

12
. Ibid.

13
. Irving, Milch, p. 147.

14
. Ibid, pp. 147–48.

15
. Ibid, pp. 147–48, citing Burton H. Klein,
Germany’s Economic Preparations for War
(Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1959), pp. 198f.

16
. Cooper, p. 184.

17
. Ibid, pp. 57–58 and 184.

18
. Beck, p. 97.

19
. Cooper, p. 58.

20
. Jerry Scutts,
Luftwaffe Night Fighter Units, 1939–45
(London: Osprey Publishing, 1978), pp. 3–4 (hereafter cited as “Scuffs”).

21
. Martini was born in Lizsa, Poland, on September 20, 1891, and entered the imperial German Army as a Fahnenjunker (officer-cadet) in the 1st Telegraph Battalion in March, 1910. He was associated with signal units throughout his career. He served as a signal officer in World War I with a Freikorps outfit fighting against the Poles in 1919, and in the Reichsheer, before being transferred to the RLM as a major in 1933. He was chief of the Signals Office of the Luftwaffe General Staff by 1934 and was promoted to major general in 1938. He was named general der luftnachrichtentruppen (general of air signal troops) on September 20, 1941—his fiftieth birthday. He was the chief Luftwaffe signals expert throughout the war (Martini Personnel Extract, Air University Archives).

22
. Scuffs, p. 7.

23
. Cooper, p. 184.

24
. Doering, a native of Ribbehardt, Pomerania, later commanded 3d Fighter Division until 1944, when he became chief of the Central Office at RLM. He was promoted to lieutenant general on October 1, 1941 (Doering Personnel Extract, Air University Archives).

25
. Webster and Frankland II, pp. 414–15.

26
. Ibid, p. 416.

27
. Beck, p. 9.

28
. Cooper, pp. 192–93.

29
. Suchenwirth MS “Command.”

30
. Galland, pp. 134–35.

31
. Manvill and Fraenkel, pp. 266–67.

32
. Musciano, p. 57.

33
. Cooper, pp. 263–66.

CHAPTER 12: THE TIDE TURNS, 1943

  
1
. Irving,
Milch
,
p. 112; Playfair II, pp. 1–9.

  
2
. Froehlich Personnel Extract.

  
3
. Playfair II, p. 171.

  
4
. See Mitcham 1984, pp. 95–116, for a detailed description of this battle.

  
5
. Cooper, p. 203.

  
6
. Brett-Smith, p. 114.

  
7
. Froehlich Personnel Extract.

  
8
. Cooper, p. 212.

  
9
. Plocher MS 1941.

10
. I. S. O. Playfair and C. J. C. Molony,
The Mediterranean and Middle East
,
Volume IV,
The Destruction of the Axis Forces in Africa
(London: Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, 1966), p. 171 (hereafter cited as “Playfair and Molony IV”).

11
. Brett-Smith, p. 133.

12
. Loerzer Personnel Extract.

13
. Playfair and Molony IV, pp. 471-72.

14
. Seidemann Personnel Extract.

15
. Playfair and Molony IV, p. 417.

16
. Cooper, pp. 216–17.

17
. Ibid; Playfair and Molony IV, p. 417.

18
. Proctor, pp. 260-61; Harlinghausen Personnel Extract.

19
. Seaton,
Moscow
,
p. 348.

20
. Ibid, p. 349.

21
. Plocher MS 1943.

22
. Ibid.

23
. Ibid.

24
. Gen. Off.s, GAF.

25
. Murray, p. 164.

26
. Brett-Smith, p. 136.

27
. Cooper, p. 288; March, p. 258.

28
. Cooper, p. 289.

29
. Albert N. Garland and Howard McG. Smyth,
Sicily and the Surrender of Italy
,
Office of the Chief of Military History, United States Army in World War II, Mediterranean Theater of Operations (Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office, 1965), p. 83 (hereafter cited as “Garland and Smyth”).

30
. Cooper, pp. 289–90.

31
. Ibid.

32
. Murray, p. 165.

33
. Kesselring, p. 237.

34
. Irving 1977, p. 572; Cooper, pp. 290–91; Murray, pp. 1645.

35
. Irving, Milch, p. 232.

36
. Kesselring, p. 251.

37
. Cooper, pp. 330–31.

38
. Ibid, p. 371.

39
. Gen. Off.s, GAF.

40
. Brett-Smith, p. 371; Irving 1977, p. 628, citing Richthofen Diary.

41
. Louis L. Snyder,
Encyclopedia of the Third Reich
(New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1976), p. 296 (hereafter cited as “Snyder”); Gen. Off.s, GAF.

42
. Musciano, pp. 52–53.

43
. See Raymond F. Toliver and Trevor J. Constable,
The Blonde Knight of Germany
(New York: Doubleday and Company, 1970) for the details of Hartmann’s incredible career.