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Endnotes

FULL CITATIONS IN BIBLIOGRAPHY
.
Foreword

1.
The Japanese attack on the Philippines occurred on December 8, not December 7, because the islands are across the International Date Line from Hawaii.

2.
Bertha Dworsky Henderson, 1992 correspondence with author.

3.
Doris Kehoe, 1992 correspondence with author.

4.
Phyllis Arnold, 1992 correspondence with author.

Chapter One: Waking Up to War

1.
Eleanor Garen letter to her mother, Lulu Garen, dated October 25, 1941. Eleanor Garen’s letters, scrapbooks and notebooks are located at Northwestern Memorial Hospital Archives, Chicago, Illinois. Her great-nephew, Dennis Kennedy, and niece, Doris Sante, gave permission to quote from Garen’s files. Future references abbreviated “Garen files.”

2.
Mary Rose Harrington Nelson, April 13, 1989, author interview.

3.
Redmond, J. (1943), pp. 15–16.

4.
Davis, Josephine Nesbit. Army Nurse Corps Oral History Program interview. Interviewed by Major Susan Graski, April 9, 1983, transcript.

In 1983–85, the Army Nurse Corps conducted interviews with thirty former army nurse POW’s and one former navy nurse POW as part of the Army Nurse Corps Oral History Program. Transcripts and audiotapes are on file at the Department of the Army, Center for Military History, Washington, D.C. References to information taken from these interviews abbreviated “1983 ANC interview.”

5.
Ruby Bradley, 1989 author interview. She unsuccessfully tried to locate the Dudleys after the war.

6.
A lone radar technician at Iba Field, forty miles west of Clark Field and Fort Stotsenberg Hospital, saw dozens of blips on his screen. His radar was the only working unit in the islands. The planes were flying toward Clark, while the men and women were eating lunch at the officers club, the hospital or the nurses quarters. The Army Air Corps pilots planned to fly a mission that afternoon. Wainwright, J. M., pp. 20–23.

7.
In August 1944, Cassie wrote an essay about her experiences on December 8, 1941, which she called “The Uncertain.” Used with permission. This essay and notes she made about December 8 form the basis of this section.

8.
Information about Helen “Cassie” Cassiani from a series of interviews with the author from 1990–97.

9.
Ruth Straub. Straub’s diary was serialized in seven installments from September 21 through September 30, 1942. All entries in this chapter from the September 21, 1942, installment, p. 1; 10.

Chapter Two: Manila Cannot Hold

1.
Margaret Nash, 1991 telephone interview with author.

2.
Cooper, W. E., pp. 47–53.

3.
Ruth Straub diary.

4.
Helen Cassiani Nestor, 1992 author interview. Quotations from this interview form the basis of this section.

5.
Helen Cassiani, typed commendation. Used with permission. After the war someone told Cassie that she qualified for a Silver Star. She never received this medal or any additional recognition for her actions on December 24, 1941.

6.
Beck, J. J., pp. 35–36.

7.
Ullom, M., p. 22.