Falling Into the Fire: A Psychiatrist's Encounters with the Mind in Crisis (27 page)

Oberman, Michelle, and Cheryl L. Meyer.
When Mothers Kill: Interviews from Prison. New York:
New York University Press, 2008.

Ogden, T. “On Projective Identification.”
International Journal of Psychoanalysis
60 (1979): 371–94.

Okeowo, Alexis. “A Once-Unthinkable Choice for Amputees.”
New York Times,
May 14, 2012.

O’Sullivan, S. T., et al. “Deliberate Ingestion of Foreign Bodies by Institutionalised Psychiatric Hospital Patients and Prison Inmates.”
Irish Journal of Medical Sciences
103, no. 4 (1996): 294–96.

Patrone, D. “Disfigured Anatomies and Imperfect Analogies: Body Integrity Identity Disorder and the Supposed Right to Self-Demanded Amputation of Healthy Body Parts.”
Journal of Medical Ethics
35 (2009): 541–45. PubMed, May 1, 2012.

Phillips, Katharine A.
The Broken Mirror: Understanding and Treating Body Dysmorphic Disorder.
New York: Oxford University Press, 2005.

———.
Understanding Body Dysmorphic Disorder: An Essential Guide.
Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2009.

Piers, Maria W.
Infanticide.
New York: W. W. Norton, 1978.

Porter, Roy.
Madness: A Brief History.
Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2002.

Price, Lawrence H. “Letters—Looking at Ways to Treat Depression.”
New York Times,
Jan. 11, 2010.

Pugnaghi, Matteo, et al. “‘My Sister’s Hand Is in My Bed’: A Case of Somatoparaphrenia.” Letter to the Editor,
Neurological Sciences,
Dec. 11, 2011.

Resnick, Phillip J. “Child Murder by Parents: A Psychiatric Review of Filicide.”
American Journal of Psychiatry
126, no. 3 (1969): 325–34.

———. “Murder of the Newborn: A Psychiatric Review of Neonaticide.”
American Journal of Psychiatry
126, no. 10 (1970): 1414–20.

Resnick, Phillip J., and Susan Hatters-Friedman. “Infanticide: Psychosocial and Legal Perspectives on Mothers Who Kill.”
Psychiatric Services
54, no. 8 (2003): 1172.

Roethke, Theodore.
The Collected Poems of Theodore Roethke.
Garden City, NY: Anchor Press, 1966.

Sacks, Oliver W.
The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat and Other Clinical Tales.
New York: Perennial Library, 1985.

Saks, Elyn R.
The Center Cannot Hold: My Journey Through Madness.
New York: Hyperion, 2007.

Schachter, Steven C., W. Curt LaFrance Jr., and John R. Gates.
Gates and Rowan’s Nonepileptic Seizures.
3rd ed. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2010.

Schrom, T., and S. Amm. “Unusual Case of Oesophageal Foreign Body as Part of a Self-Harm Syndrome.”
Laryngorhinootologie
88, no. 4 (2009): 253–56.

Sedda, Anna. “Body Integrity Identity Disorder: From a Psychological to a Neurological Syndrome.”
Neuropsychology Review
21, no. 4 (2011): 334. PubMed, May 1, 2012.

Shapiro, David.
Neurotic Styles.
New York: Basic Books, 1965.

Shorter, Edward.
From Paralysis to Fatigue: A History of Psychosomatic Illness in the Modern Era.
New York: Free Press, 1992.

Solomon, Andrew.
The Noonday Demon: An Atlas of Depression.
New York: Scribner, 2001.

Sorene, E. D., C. Heras-Palou, and F. D. Burke. “Self-Amputation of a Healthy Hand: A Case of Body Integrity Identity Disorder.”
Journal of Hand Surgery
(European Volume) 31, no. 6 (2006): 593–95. PubMed, May 1, 2012.

Spinelli, Margaret G.
Infanticide: Psychosocial and Legal Perspectives on Mothers Who Kill.
Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Publishing, 2003.

Starr, Mirabai.
Dark Night of the Soul
. New York: Riverhead, 2002.

Strong, Marilee.
A Bright Red Scream: Self-Mutilation and the Language of Pain.
New York: Viking, 1998.

Suyemoto, Karen L. “The Functions of Self-Mutilation.”
Clinical Psychology Review
18, no. 5 (1998): 531–54.

Taylor, Michael Alan, and Max Fink. “Catatonia in Psychiatric Classification: A Home of Its Own.”
American Journal of Psychiatry
160, no. 7 (2003): 1233–41.

Tucker, Abigail. “History of the Hysterical Man.”
Smithsonian, Jan. 5, 2009.
www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/History-Of-The-Hysterical-Man.html.

United Press. “165 Girls Faint at Football Game; Mass Hysteria Grips ‘Pep Squad.’”
New York Times,
Sept. 14, 1952.

Villalba, Rendueles, and Colin J. Harrington. “Repetitive Self-Injurious Behavior: A Neuropsychiatric Perspective and Review of Pharmacologic Treatments.”
Seminars in Clinical Neuropsychiatry
5, no. 1 (2000): 215–26.

Voon, et al. “The Involuntary Nature of Conversion Disorder.”
Neurology
74, no. 3 (2010): 223–28.

Waller, John. “Dancing Plagues and Mass Hysteria.”
Psychologist
22, no. 7 (2009): 644–47.

———. “A Forgotten Plague: Making Sense of Dancing Mania.”
Lancet
373 (2009): 624–25.

———.
A Time to Dance, a Time to Die: The Extraordinary Story of the Dancing Plague of 1518.
Thriplow, UK: Icon Books, 2008.

West, Sara G., Susan Hatters-Friedman, and Phillip J. Resnick. “Fathers Who Kill Their Children: An Analysis of the Literature.”
Journal of Forensic Science
54, no. 2 (2009): 463–68.

Zaroff, Charles M., et al. “Group Psychoeducation as Treatment for Psychological Nonepileptic Seizures.”
Epilepsy & Behavior
5 (2004): 587–92.

The page numbers in this index refer to the printed version of this book. To find the corresponding locations in the text of this digital version, please use the “search” function on your e-reader. Note that not all terms may be searchable.

abandonment, 50, 55

abiding:

vs. active intervention, 177–79, 208

as responsibility of doctors, 12, 179, 182, 208–9, 211–12

abuse:

child, 53–54

in predisposition to self-injury, 47–48, 54

sexual, 48

academia, madness seen as creative genius in, 109–13

accidental filicide, 142

acne, 68, 79, 81

addiction, to self-injury, 37

ADHD, 127

adrenaline, 6

aggression:

and lack of bonding, 49

of patients, 21–23, 38–43

alcohol, consumption of, 6–7, 21, 31, 35, 36, 37, 100, 138, 142, 163, 171

altruistic filicide, 140–45, 158

American Journal of Psychiatry,
142, 154

Amma the Hugging Saint, 103, 117–19, 133

amputation:

BIID symptoms alleviated by, 87–88

desire for, 12, 83–93

ethical issues in, 85

self-, 33, 49, 56–60, 85–86, 90

Amritaswarup, Swami, 118

Amsterdam, University of, 88

animal-rights movement, 48

Anna (obsessive-compulsive patient):

diagnosis and treatment strategy for, 157–61, 207

potential for filicide by, 135–41, 144–47, 150

anorexia, 69

antidepressants, 4, 29, 30, 67, 73, 76

antipsychiatry movement, 30

antipsychotics, 29, 108, 126, 130–31, 145

anxiety:

in filicide, 150

in intentional ingestion, 31

in obsessive-compulsive disorder, 158–59

postpartum, 150

in tourists, 120, 122

apotemnophilia, 83

see also
body integrity identity disorder

arc-de-cercle
(
arc-en-
ciel
), 191–92

arm-drop test, 9–10

Armstrong, Lashanda, 155–56

art, psychotic reaction to, 121–23, 126, 132

Asia,
koro
in, 198–99

asomatognosia, 92–93

Ativan, 169

Atlantic,
83, 90

attachment theory, 53, 55

autism, 35

autonomy, 12, 89–90

bacchanals, 197

Bacchus
(Caravaggio), 122

Baldwin, James, 111

Bar-El, Yair, 119–20

Bartholomew, Robert E., 198–99, 201

Baruch, Jay, 83

Baudricourt, Robert de, 130

Bayne, Tim, 87–89

BBC, 83

“bedlam,” origin of term, 15

Bethlem Royal Hospital, xi, 1, 70

brutal “therapeutic” treatment at, 15–16

“curable” vs. “incurable” classification in, 14–15

history of, 13–16

as tourist attraction, 15

Bible, 34, 119, 121

biopsies, 31

bipolar disorder, 69, 103, 107, 108–9, 112

birds, group dynamics in, 203–5

birdwatching, 114–15

Black Plague, 202

Blaffer Hrdy, Sarah, 153–54

Blom, Rianne, 88

bloodletting, 16

Bodies Under Siege
(Favazza), 34

body, intersection of mind and, 12, 163–205, 207

body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), 67–81

BIID compared with, 84–85, 87

causes of, 77–78, 83

persistent, entrenched belief in, 80–81

self-harmful consequences of, 72–75

see also
Eddie; Julie

body image:

erroneous self-perception about, 12, 67–96

identity and, 82, 85, 86, 93

body integrity identity disorder (BIID), 83–93

origins of, 91–93

treatment for, 87–91, 93

see also
Corinne

Bondy, Philip, 85

bones, breaking of, 36

brain:

effect of early trauma on, 47–48, 55

mind and, 11, 181

neurological function of, 8–9, 11–12, 78, 92–93, 192

brain injury, 8, 12

breasts, self-amputation of, 35

Breathalyzer, 5, 98

Bright Red Scream, A
(Strong), 53

British Journal of Psychiatry,
119

British Medical Journal,
123

Brockovich, Erin, 202

Brodie, Benjamin, 84

Broken Mirror, The
(Phillips), 74

Brown, John Ronald, 85

Brown University, 40, 48, 53, 104, 176

Brunelleschi’s dome, 123

Buddhism, 17

burial, alive, 70

burning, self-injury through, 12, 35, 36, 75, 139

buzzer system, for emergencies, 166–69, 182

Calder, Alexander, 127

California, University of, at San Diego, 92

Canada, 201–2

cancer:

of author’s mother, 211

treatment of, 129–30

Caplan, Art, 90

Cappello, Mary, 42

Caravaggio, 122, 126, 132

castration, 189

female, 34

self-, 33–34

catatonia, 11, 180, 196

see also
Joseph

Cello Concerto in A Minor (Schumann), 111

cellulitis, 166

Center Cannot Hold, The
(Saks), 169

central nervous system (CNS), 183

Charcot, Jean-Martin, 190–93, 196, 201

childbirth, 151–52

child murder,
see
filicide

“Child Murder by Parents: A Psychiatric Review of Filicide” (Resnick), 142

children:

abuse and neglect of, 53, 142, 144, 155

of author, 6, 12–13, 61, 65, 82, 93–95, 114, 130, 133, 147–53, 164, 203–5, 213–16

killing of,
see
filicide

loss in death of, 209–11

maternal harm to, 12, 135–61

China, 198–99

Christopher, Paul, 104

Church, Archibald, 189

Church of the Holy Sepulcher, 120

cigarettes, in self-mutilation, 35

city syndromes, 119–23

clinical intuition, 106

clitoris, 189

cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), 80

cognitive function, 8

coin-in-the-hand test, 8–9, 180

Colin (spiritual euphoria patient), 97–109, 116, 117, 119, 123–24, 131–32, 208

comas, 12, 178

command hallucinations, 33–35, 56, 59, 164

obsessive thoughts vs., 146–47

Complete Obsession,
83–84, 86

Comprehensive Psychiatry,
140

contagiousness, 198, 199–200

control, through dissociation, 52

conversion disorders, 176

Corinne (BIID subject), 84, 85, 86, 93

cortisol, 150–51, 153

“Crazy” (Gnarls Barkley), 97

Cree tribe, 201–2

Crowder, J. E., 34

Cruise, Tom, 30

culture shock, 122

cutting, self-injury through, 12, 36, 49–53, 75, 139

cysts, 32

Dadd, Richard, 15

Daily Times of Nigeria,
200

dancing plagues, dancing manias, 197–98, 202

“dangerous wellness,” 107

Dante Alighieri, 110

Darjeeling, India, 199

darshan,
118

Darshan: The Embrace,
117–18

Dawn (nurse), 139, 145, 159

death penalty, 155

Deborah (author’s partner), 81–82

author’s relationship with, 6, 8, 61, 65, 93–96, 130–31, 147–48, 151–52, 212–16

in parenting, 12–13, 65, 151–52

defense mechanism, humor as, 42–43, 45–47

deformation, fear of,
see
dysmorphophobia

delirium, 166

delusions:

in BIID, 97–133

in filicide, 143

paranoid, 15, 109, 115, 122, 123, 124–25, 136, 143

somatoparaphrenic, 91–92

urge toward goodness in, 116–17, 128

see also
religious and spiritual delusions

dementia, 112, 210–11

demonic possession, 200–201

dentistry, 71, 74, 79, 86

depression, 1, 91, 106, 111, 113, 195, 208

in catatonia, 3–11, 16

in ingestion, 31, 42–43

medications for, 4, 29, 30

misdiagnosis of, 30

of mothers, 140

postpartum, 30, 112

suicide and, 39

symptoms of, 4

Derek (Elizabeth’s son), 209–11

dermabrasion, 68

dermatology, 68, 75

des Agnes, Jeanne, 200–201

“desiccation,” 68

developmental disability, self-mutilation and, 35–36

devil, 15, 140, 143

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(
DSM
), 84, 109

diazepam, 173–74

Dillard, Annie, 117, 132

disability, symptom exaggeration in applicants for, 8

disassociation, 122

disconnection, 32–33

disgust responses, 89–90

disintegration, 122

dissociation, in self-injury, 50–54, 55

divine experiences, 12

doctors:

anger and resentment felt by, 37–38, 42–45, 174–75, 182–84

consulting, 9–10

coping mechanisms for, 42–43, 46–47, 100–101, 106, 179

decision making by, 164–75

ethical responsibilities of, 14, 25, 56–60, 85, 87–93, 119, 125–27

frustation of, 26, 40–42, 44–45, 55

as held accountable for failure, 78–79

as imposters, 182–84

inaction as counterintuitive for, 170–71, 177–79

insurance company pressure on, 14

lack of empathy in, 100–101

primary-care, 6

risks for, 27, 98–99

vulnerability of, 6, 39–42, 136, 170–75, 180–84, 208, 211

see also
medicine; psychiatry

double imposter scenario, 182–84

draftees, symptom exaggeration by, 8

Drexler, Melissa “Prom Mom,” 142–43

drugs:

illicit use of, 21, 31, 35, 36, 37, 55, 103, 117, 138, 165

overdose on, 7, 157, 168

see also
specific prescription and street drugs

Drury, M. O’C., 130

dysmorphophobia, 69–70

“Dysmorphophobia and Taphephobia” (Morselli), 70

ears, in BDD, 72

eating disorders, 37

ecstasy, psychosis vs., 12

Eddie (BDD patient), 67–71, 73, 75–81, 84

trajectory of treatment for, 76–77, 79–81

ego-dystonic visions, 158

elective amputation, ethics of, 85, 87–93

electroencephalogram (EEG), 172, 175

Eliot, George, 107

Elizabeth (despondent patient), 209–11

Ellen (nurse), 190

Elliott, Carl, 83, 90

emergency room:

author’s experience with, 19–23, 97–99, 163–69, 190, 207

patient evaluation for, 3–6, 20–23, 99, 101–2, 125, 137–38, 163–65

treatment protocol for, 172–73

endoscopies, 24–25, 31, 58–59

enucleation, 33–34

epileptic seizures, 143, 170–71, 173–74, 177–79

euphoria:

malignant potential of, 106–9, 131–32

spiritual state of, 12, 101–7, 109

see also
Colin

Euripides, 135

evaluation, author’s procedure for, 5, 7–8, 20–23

executions, 52

exorcism, 201

exposure therapy, 158–59

eyes, self-removal of, 33–34

face, in BDD, 71, 72

fainting, mass, 196–97

Favazza, Armando, 33–37

fear:

author’s experiences of, 93–96, 131, 149–52, 182, 215

of doing harm, 135–40, 159

heightened senses in, 6

plans vs., 158

in schizophrenia, 116

female genital self-mutilation, 34

fetters, in hospitalization, 16

filicide, 140–44, 208

classification in, 141–43

motivation for, 160–61

in nature, 153–54

risk matrix for, 156–57

stress and, 150–54, 155

finger foods, 20–21, 28

fingers, in BDD, 73

Florence syndrome, 121–23

“foreign body,” 32, 52

Foscolo, Ugo, 123

Fourth Amendment rights, 124–25

Fra Angelico, 122

Frankel, David, 53

Freiburg, University of, 189

Freud, Sigmund, 45

Friedrichs, Dr., 25

From Paralysis to Fatigue: A History of Psychosomatic Illness in the Modern Era
(Shorter), 84, 181, 188

Frost, Robert, 19–20, 64

frostbite, 86, 88

Furth, Gregg, 84, 85

Gabbard, Glen, 52

gag reflex, 10, 16

Galen, 185–86

gangrene, 85

gastroenterology, 19–20, 25

gender dysphoria (gender identity disorder; transsexualism), 85

gender reassignment, 87

genetics, in mental illness, 78

genital massage, 185–88

genius, madness and, 110–13

Georgia, 105

Germany, 201

Gloria (movement disorder patient), 193–96

Gnarls Barkley, 97

God, in religious delusions, 34–35, 117, 131

Goodell, William, 186

Grandier, Urbain, 200–201

Great Britain, 78–79, 154–55

hysterical men in, 185

grief, dissociation in, 52–53

Guardian,
118

gynecology, 188–89

Haines, Janet, 50–51

hair, in BDD, 75

hair pulling, 36

Halim, Nadia, 121–22

hallucinations, 33, 35, 56, 59, 146–47, 166

hallucinogens, 103, 124

hand, self-amputation of, 56–60

Handel, George Frideric, 110, 111

Harlow, Margaret and Harry, 48–49

Harrington, Colin, 48

Harvey, William, 184

head banging, 36, 49, 170, 173

health insurance companies:

clinical decisions influenced by, 14

economics of, 30, 62, 74, 89, 99, 175

shortcomings of, 56, 62–64

Hegar, Alfred, 189

helplessness, 202–3, 210–11

Hemingway, Ernest, 110

Henry (nurse), 5–10, 196

Highmore, Nathaniel, 187

Hinduism, 118

Hippocrates, 177, 185

homelessness, 127–28

homicide, 21

of father, 15

homosexuality, as motivation for self-amputation, 35

hope, in BDD, 76–81

Hôpital Sainte-Anne, 121

hospitalization:

admission to, 14, 37, 164–75