Fear Itself (118 page)

Jenkins, Fell, 97

Jews, 22, 23

in Germany, 40, 52, 74, 111, 342

as scientists, 347

Stalin’s repression of, 356

see also
anti-Semitism

Jim Crow, 14–15

Johnson, Alvin, 49

Johnson, Andrew, 569

Johnson, Charles, 15

Johnson, Edwin “Big Ed,” 429

Johnson, Hugh, 93, 228, 232, 237, 242

Johnson, James Weldon, 138–39

Johnson, Jed, 262

Johnson, Louis, 453–54

Johnson, Luther, 301

Johnson, Lyndon Baines, 4, 86, 434, 443, 475, 555, 603, 645, 655

Johnston, Olin, 190–91, 564

Joint Army and Navy Board, 337–38

Joint Chiefs of Staff, 438, 445, 448, 450, 454

Jones, Wesley, 147

Judt, Tony, 43

Justice Department, U.S., 159–60, 175, 341, 342, 353, 445, 608

antilynching bill and, 166, 167

Civil Liberties section of, 218

juvenile delinquency, 88

Kallen, Horace, 93

Kaltenborn, H. V., 410

Kamenev, Lev, 80, 81, 82, 95, 516

Kassel, Germany, 111

Katyn Forest, 83, 356

Kazakhstan, 357, 465

Kazin, Alfred, 35

Kee, John, 443

Keenan, Joseph, 85

Kefauver, Estes, 207, 209, 219, 443, 564

Kellogg, Frank B., 296

Kellogg-Briand Pact, 39, 102, 296

Kelly, Edward, 66

Kendrick, B. B., 170

Kennan, George, 32, 278, 412–14, 450

Kennedy, David, 243, 519

Kennedy, Edward M., 44

Kennedy, John F., 44, 46, 157

Kennedy, Joseph P., 44

Kennedy, Robert F., 44

Kenney, George, 448

Kent, Frank, 176

Kentucky, 22, 136, 137, 141, 143, 203, 253, 426, 566

Key, V. O., Jr., 127–28, 264

Keynes, John Maynard, 5, 234–35, 373, 377, 488

Keyserling, Leon, 248, 381

Keyssar, Alexander, 200, 202

Khrushchev, Nikita, 78, 82, 515

Kiev, 41

Kilday, Paul, 427, 645

Kilgore, Harley, 454–55, 464, 465

Killinger, Manfred von, 588

King, Ernest, 42

King, William, 573

King, W. L. Mackenzie, 637

Kirov, Sergei, 80

Kirov Ballet, 516

Kistiakowsky, Dr., 404, 631

Kitchens, Wade, 270

Knight, Frank, 33

Knutson, Harold, 424

Kolakowski, Leszek, 43

Korean War, 13, 38, 46–47, 95, 204, 418, 419, 441, 442, 447, 449, 450, 451, 452–53, 457, 468–69, 470, 637

Korematsu v. United States,
608

Kotkin, Stephen, 54, 79

Kousser, Morgan, 142

Kramer, Alan, 101

Krebs, Ronald, 200

Kristallnacht, 69, 300, 501

Krock, Arthur, 547

Krupp, 523

Kuhn, Fritz, 56–57, 604

Ku Klux Klan, 83, 85, 141, 145, 187, 283, 520, 588

Labor Advisory Board, 230

Labor Department, U.S., 184, 258, 382–83, 384, 387–88, 389

laborers, 85

Labor Management Relations Act,
see
Taft-Hartley Act

labor movement, 48, 231

labor rights, 248

labor standards bill, 267–72

labor unrest, 39, 151

LaFollette, Robert, 147

Lake Charles, La., 218

Lamar, Lucius, 156–57, 158, 543

land assessments, 84

Landon, Alf, 164–65

Lanham, Fritz, 432

Laski, Harold, 40

Lasswell, Harold, 45, 319, 373–74, 481–82

Latin America, 22–23, 117, 322, 439, 646–47

Latvia, 105, 277, 356

Laurence, William, 403, 404–5, 410, 428

Lavery, Urban, 558

Law of December 1, 80

Law of War, The
(Risley), 99–100

Lawrence, Ernest, 613

Lawrence, Geoffrey, 71

Lawson, B. V., 89

Lead Pencil Association, 229

League of Nations, 39, 102, 288, 290, 293, 296, 407

Lebed, Mykola, 445

LeCompte, Karl, 204

Lederer, Emil, 319, 496

Lee, Joshua, 308

Lehman, Herbert, 66, 228, 242, 465

LeMay, Curtis, 350, 445–46, 447, 448, 450–51, 469

Lemkin, Raphael, 102

Lend-Lease, 305–7, 310, 311, 393, 406, 637

Lenin, V. I., 94, 105

Leningrad, 354, 355

Leuchtenburg, William, 37, 99

Lever, Asbury, 146

Lewis, John L., 4, 230, 571, 627

Lewis, Sinclair, 281

Liaison Office for Personnel Management, 622

liberal democracy, 23

as abandoned in Soviet Union, 55

alleged 1920s triumph of, 103–5

debates over validity of, 4, 5, 6, 7, 12, 32

decisions legitimized by, 18–19

Mussolini’s denunciation of, 113

New Deal as test of, 9–10, 25, 50

proliferation of threats to, 39, 43–44, 46, 114–17, 121

World War II as threat to, 46

liberalism, 4, 529–30

Liberia, 89

Libya, 68, 69, 510

Lichtenstein, Nelson, 627

Life,
89–90, 411–12, 416

Lilienthal, David, 416, 432, 453–54, 638, 644

Lincoln, Abraham, 22, 89, 133, 200, 212, 318, 335, 337, 470

black equality rejected by, 139

Lincoln Memorial, 90

Lindbergh, Anne Morrow, 65, 69, 511

Lindbergh, Charles, 61, 62, 64, 65, 69–70, 71, 281, 303, 304, 322, 506, 511

Lindberghflug, Der
(Brecht), 62

Link, Arthur, 145–46, 539

Lippmann, Walter, 30–31, 34, 36, 120, 161, 255, 298, 306, 316, 332, 360, 369, 407, 414, 496, 531, 635

creation of UN desired by, 415

dictatorship promoted by, 118–19, 121, 123, 124

New Deal criticized by, 44–45

on U.S. interest in World War II, 358

liquidity, 38

literacy tests, 84, 134

Lithuania, 277, 356

livestock, 251

lobbyists, 478

Locke, John, 109

Lodge, Henry Cabot, 148, 597

Loewenstein, Karl, 32, 105–6, 110, 528

Logan, Rayford, 138, 176

logrolling, 263

London, England, 41, 351

London Charter, 76, 78

Long, Benjamin F., 145

Long, Breckenridge, 67, 68, 69, 71, 94, 510

Long, Huey, 128, 161, 241, 292, 471

Long Telegram, 413–14

Lonn, Ella, 169

Lorwin, Lewis, 237–38

Los Alamos, 349, 403, 462, 482–83, 614

Los Angeles Times,
270, 294, 316, 446

Louisiana, 136, 140, 165, 204, 426, 566

Loving v. Virginia,
137

Low Countries, 40, 274, 279, 319

Lowi, Theodore, 19, 493

Loyalty Review Board, 459–61

Lozier, Ralph, 263, 264

Lubyanka prison, 82

Lucas, Scott, 205, 220–21

Lucas-Green bill, 568

Luce, Clare Boothe, 89–90, 433

Luce, Henry, 59–60, 244, 277

Luckner, Felix von, 284

Ludlow, Louis, 291

Luftwaffe, 64

lumber, 262

Lusitania,
289–90

Luxembourg, 418, 593

lynchings, 84, 86–87, 96–97, 141, 149, 166, 176, 187, 521–22, 546

MacArthur, Douglas, 47, 68, 410

Machiavelli, Niccolò, 17

MacLeish, Archibald, 47, 321

Madison, James, 119

Madison Square Garden Bowl, 67

Madonna of Loreto, 507

Magnitogorsk, USSR, 79

Mahon, George, 450

Maier, Charles, 109

mail-opening program, 322

Mak, Geert, 97

malaria, 171–72

Malaya, 41

Manchuria, Japan’s conquering of, 39, 102

Mandelstam, Osip, 77

manganese, 288

Manhattan Project, 14, 349, 362, 403–5, 414, 420, 430, 444, 463, 482, 613

Mann, Thomas, 50, 100

Mao Zedong, 451

Marcantonio, Vito, 604–5

March Field, 218

March on Rome, 63, 112, 530

Marco Polo Bridge, 295

Margalit, Avishai, 485, 486

Marland, Ernest, 570

Marreco, Anthony, 518

Marshall, George C., 317, 318, 410, 417–18, 437–38

Marshall Plan, 417–18

Martin, Joseph, 202, 214, 444

Marx, Karl, 237

Marxism, 463

Maryland, 22, 136

Mason, Noah, 330

“Mass Demonstration for True Americanism,” 57

Maternity and Infancy Welfare Act (1921), 147

Mattioli, Guido, 62

Maverick, Maury, 86, 158, 544

maximum hours, 241, 267, 270

May, Andrew Jackson, 312, 324, 429, 644

Maybank, Burnet, 91, 190–91, 443

Mayhew, David, 200, 543

May-Johnson bill, 429–30, 454

McAdoo, William, 573

McCarran, Pat, 331, 464, 654

McCarthy, Frank, 646

McCarthy, Joseph, 331, 464, 483

McClellan, John, 269, 292

McCloy, John J., 213, 638

McCormack, John, 329

McCormick, Anne O’Hare, 123, 141–42, 296

McFarlane, William, 255

McGehee, Dan, 143

McGugin, Harold, 578

McKellar, Kenneth, 149, 305, 466, 644

McKinley Tariff, 261

McMahon, Brien, 430, 431

McNamara, Robert, 350, 500

McNarry, Charles, 179

McReynolds, Samuel, 254, 294

Mead, Margaret, 373

Meadows, Paul, 46

Means, Gardiner, 374

Measures to Liquidate the Trotskyists and Other Double-Dealers,
78

Mein Kampf
(Hitler), 86, 305

Mellett, Lowell, 169–70

Memphis National Baptist Convention, 210

Menninger, Karl, 370

Merchant Marine, 220

Merchant Marine Act (1920), 147

Merchants Association, 237

Merriam, Charles, 53, 93, 374–75, 422

Merrimon, Augustus, 157, 158

Meyerhoff, Howard, 430

Michener, Earl, 352

Middle East, 314, 336, 362

Mikhoels, Solomon, 616

Military Liaison Committee, 435

Miller, Byron, 435–36

Millis, Walter, 436

Mills, C. Wright, 19, 480–81

Mills, Wilbur, 455–56

Milton, George Fort, 15

mineral resources, 158

Minersville School District v. Gobitis,
481

minimum wage, 241, 265, 387

mining, 177, 391

Minsk, 41

Mississippi, 83–84, 136, 140, 141, 142, 143, 165, 199, 204, 394, 566, 597

1946 election in, 88, 89, 91–92

Ordinance of Secession of, 156

Missouri, 22, 136, 141, 185, 253

Missouri,
USS, 405

Mitchell, Arthur, 544

Mitchell, Broadus, 164, 546

Mitchell, Ewing Y., 509

Mitchell, John Ridley, 253–54

Mitchell, Wesley, 373–74

Moeller van den Bruck, Arthur, 105

Mola, General, 590

Moley, Raymond, 236

Mollison, James, 61

Molotov, Vyacheslav, 75, 358, 615, 637

monopolies, 146

Monroe Doctrine, 280, 637

Monroney, A. S. “Mike,” 466

Montaigne, Michel de, 29

Montesquieu, Baron von, 110

Montgomery Advertiser,
286

Montgomery Ward, 273

Moore, Freddy, 141

“Moral Equivalent of War, The” (James), 120, 532

Morgan, Arthur E., 254

Morgan, Charles, 83

Morgan, Kuhn & Loeb, 257

Morgenthau, Hans, 50, 107, 115, 480

Morrison, Philip, 414–15

Morrison, Toni, 22

mortgage payments, 37

Moscow, 353

Moscow Declaration, 75–76, 77, 78

Moscow University, 59

Mott, James, 260

Moulton, Harold, 595

Mrachkovsky, Sergei, 81

Mumford, Lewis, 45, 373–74, 502

Mundelein, Cardinal, 65

Munich pact, 289, 301

Munitions Board, 439

Murphy, Frank, 330, 608

Murray, Gilbert, 476

Murray, Philip, 627

Muscle Shoals, Ala., 252, 253

Musil, Robert, 47–48

Mussolini, Benito, 12, 58, 64, 66, 67, 71, 88, 109, 116, 236, 282, 485, 506

administration organized by, 54

death of, 71

death of liberal state proclaimed by, 5, 6

Fascism praised by, 111–12

liberalism denounced by, 113

Libyan tour of, 69

Mussolini aviatore
(Mattioli), 62

Myrdal, Gunnar, 15, 138, 139, 207, 218, 488

NAACP, 88, 160, 176, 185, 210, 392

Nagasaki, Japan, 349–50, 383, 405, 410, 411, 414, 428, 612

Namaqua, 42

Nash, Nelson, 97, 522

Nathan, Otto, 571

Nation,
119, 201

National Academy of Science, 642

National Airport, 88

National Association of Manufacturers, 344

National Automobile Chamber, 230

National Baptist Convention, 210

National Bureau of Standards, 463

National CIO Committee to Abolish Discrimination, 392

National Coal Association, 229

National Committee on Rural and Social Planning, 268

National Committee to Combat Anti-Semitism, 87

National Council for the Prevention of War, 291

National Council of American-Soviet Friendship, 464

National Defense Act (1920), 323

National Defense Advisory Commission, 85, 307, 323

National Defense Program, 437

National Defense Research Committee (NDRC), 346–47

National Democratic Party, 193

National Economic Council, 245

National Emergency Council, 169

National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA; 1933), 30, 60, 124, 162, 178, 227–33, 235, 238–41, 244, 250, 541, 551–52, 570

parade for, 227–29

nationalism, 39, 41

National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) (Wagner Act; 1935), 30, 39, 43, 172, 173, 183, 250, 252, 257–59, 260, 265, 268, 272–73, 274, 291, 370, 389, 391, 393, 394, 397, 576, 580

Truman’s desire for amendments to, 394

National Labor Relations Board (NLRB), 36, 258, 273, 390, 397–98

National Opinion Research Center, 199

National Recovery Administration (NRA), 36, 93, 228, 231, 232, 236–38, 241–48, 268, 307, 323, 344, 370, 373, 374, 380, 439, 477–78, 510, 571, 574–75

Business Advisory Board, 245

Code of Fair Competition for the Petroleum Industry, 246

Supreme Court’s striking down of, 245, 247, 257, 267, 373