Fields of Blood (108 page)

separation of church and state,
6.1
,
9.1
,
9.2
,
10.1
,
10.2
,
aft.1

Sepphoris (Galilee),
5.1
,
5.2

September 11 (9/11) terrorist attacks,
itr.1
,
13.1
,
13.2
,
13.3
,
13.4

September Massacres,
10.1
,
10.2
,
aft.1

Serapis, temple of

Serbs,
13.1
,
13.2

Servetus, Michael
, n55

Shalem

Shalmaneser I, King of Assyria

Shalmeneser III, King of Assyria

Shamash

Shamhat

Shang, Lord

Shang dynasty,
3.1
,
3.2

Shantung (China)

Shariah
,
7.1
,
7.2
,
8.1
,
10.1
,
11.1
,
11.2
,
11.3
,
13.1
,
13.2
,
aft.1

Shariati, Ali,
11.1
,
11.2

Sharif, Nawaz

Sharon, Ariel

Shen Nung (Divine Farmer)

Shiis
,
7.1
,
7.2
,
8.1
,
9.1
,
11.1
,
aft.1
,
nts.1
n83; agrarian systemic violence condemned by,
7.3
; Deobandi denunciation of,
10.1
; in Iran,
11.2
,
11.3
,
11.4
,
11.5
,
12.1
,
13.1
,
13.2
; in Lebanon,
12.2
; Sunni animosity toward,
7.4
,
11.6
,
13.3
,
aft.2
; uprisings against Abbasids of, 197

Shissak, Colonel Adib

Shiva,
2.1
,
12.1

Shivaji

Shrapnel, Henry

Shu (China)

Shuanna,
4.1
,
4.2

Shun,
2.1
,
3.1
,
3.2
,
3.3
,
3.4

Sicily,
8.1
,
8.2

Siddhatta Gotama,
see
Buddha

Sikhism

Sima Qian

Simeon

Simoeisios

Simon bar Koseba (Bar Kokhba), Rabbi,
5.1
,
7.1
,
aft.1

Sinai Peninsula,
4.1
,
11.1
,
11.2

Sind (Pakistan)

Singapore

Singh, Kahim

Sin-leqi-unninni,
1.1
,
1.2

Six-Day War,
11.1
,
11.2
,
12.1
,
13.1
,
aft.1

skepticism,
1.1
,
2.1
,
10.1
,
10.2
,
13.1

slavery,
1.1
,
1.2
,
7.1
,
8.1
,
8.2
,
9.1
,
11.1
,
aft.1
; in American colonies,
9.2
,
9.3
,
9.4
,
10.1
; Arabian,
6.1
,
7.2
,
7.3
,
7.4
; in Byzantine Empire,
6.2
; in China,
3.1
,
3.2
; early Christianity and,
5.1
,
5.2
,
5.3
; in India,
2.1
,
2.2
,
2.3
,
2.4
,
2.5
; of Israelites in Egypt,
4.1
,
4.2
,
4.3
; in Portuguese colonies,
9.5
; in United States,
10.2
,
10.3
,
10.4

Slavic Muslims

Slovenians

Smith, Adam

Smith, William

Society of Muslim Brothers,
see
Muslim Brotherhood

Society of Muslims,
12.1
,
aft.1

Sodom (Canaan)

Soldiers of the Companions of the Prophet in Pakistan (SCPP)

Soldiers of the Prophet in Pakistan (SPP),
13.1

Solomon, King of Israel,
4.1
,
4.2
,
4.3
,
nts.1
n79

Somalia,
13.1
,
13.2

Somnath (India)

Song (China),
3.1
; Duke of,
3.2

Song of Roland,
228

Song Zhongshu

Sontag, Susan

Sorbonne

South Africa

South Yemen

Soviet Union
,
11.1
,
11.2
,
12.1
,
12.2
,
12.3
,
12.4
; collapse of,
13.1
; invasion and occupation of Afghanistan by,
13.2
,
13.3
,
aft.1
; withdrawal from Afghanistan of,
13.4
,
13.5

Spain,
7.1
,
9.1
,
9.2
,
13.1
; cave paintings in,
itr.1
; imperialism of,
9.3
,
9.4
; Muslim,
8.1
,
8.2
,
9.5
; Inquisition in,
9.6
,
9.7
,
aft.1
; terrorist attack in,
13.2

Spanish Civil War

Speyer (Germany)

Spiritual Exercises
(Loyola),
9.1
,
9.2

Srebrenica (Bosnia and Herzegovina)

Sri Lanka

Stahl, Lesley

Stamp Act (1765)

Statute for Establishing Religious Freedom in Virginia
(Jefferson)

Stele of Vultures

Stephen II, Pope

Steward, Dugald

Stockbridge (Massachusetts)

Stoddard, Colonel John

Stoddard, Solomon

Stoicism

Stone, Barton

structural and systemic violence
,
itr.1
,
1.1
,
3.1
,
6.1
,
7.1
,
12.1
,
aft.1
; of agrarian states,
itr.2
,
1.2
,
1.3
,
1.4
,
1.5
,
1.6
,
1.7
,
10.1
; in China,
3.2
,
3.3
; in colonial America,
10.2
; imperialist,
10.3
,
12.2
; in India,
2.1
,
2.2
,
2.3
; of industrialization,
10.4
; in medieval Europe,
8.1
,
8.2
; in Middle East,
11.1
,
11.2
,
11.3
,
12.3
,
13.1
; religious condemnations of,
4.1
,
4.2
,
4.3
,
7.2
,
7.3
,
7.4
,
8.3
,
9.1
,
11.4
,
11.5
,
11.6
,
11.7
,
12.4
; of Roman Empire, Jesus’s opposition to,
5.1
,
5.2
,
5.3

Sudan,
10.1
,
13.1
,
13.2
,
13.3

Suez Canal,
11.1
,
11.2

Suez Crisis

Sufis
,
7.1
,
7.2
,
8.1
,
8.2
,
9.1
,
10.1
,
10.2
,
11.1
,
13.1
,
13.2

Sullivan, Andrew

Sumeria,
1.1
,
1.2
,
2.1
,
4.1
,
aft.1
; Assembly of,
1.3
; militarization of,
1.4

Sumu-abum, King of Babylon

Sunnis
,
9.1
,
11.1
,
11.2
,
12.1
,
13.1
,
aft.1
,
nts.1
n82; agrarian system accepted by,
7.1
; in Iran,
12.2
; jihadism of,
13.2
; in Lebanon,
12.3
,
12.4
; Shii animosity toward,
7.2
,
11.3
,
13.3
,
aft.2

Sunzi

Surah, Abu

Susa,
4.1
,
4.2

Sweden,
9.1
,
9.2

Switzerland

Synoptics,
5.1
,
5.2
,
5.3

Syria,
1.1
,
7.1
,
7.2
,
8.1
,
13.1
,
13.2
,
aft.1
; ancient,
itr.1
,
1.2
,
1.3
,
5.1
,
5.2
,
aft.2
; in Byzantine Empire,
6.1
,
6.2
,
6.3
,
6.4
,
6.5
,
6.6
; during Crusades,
8.2
,
8.3
; Fatimid dynasty in,
7.3
; Israeli conflicts with,
11.1
,
11.2
; Lebanon partitioned from,
12.1
; modernization of,
11.3
; Mongol invasion of,
8.4
; Muslim conquest of,
7.4
; Nationalist Party of,
12.2
; trade routes to,
7.5
; Wahhabism in,
13.3

Syr-Oxus Basin

systemic violence,
see
structural and systemic violence

Tacitus, Gaius Cornelius,
1.1
,
5.1
,
9.1
,
nts.1
n122

Tajikistan,
13.1
,
13.2

Takhar (Afghanistan)

Taliban,
13.1
,
13.2
,
aft.1

Talleyrand, Charles Maurice de

Talmud,
itr.1
,
5.1
,
7.1
,
12.1

Tamil Tigers,
12.1
,
13.1

Tanchelm of Antwerp

Tancred

Tantawi, Sheikh

Taoism,
see
Daoism

Tarsus

Tashkent

taxation,
4.1
,
4.2
,
9.1
,
9.2
,
11.1
; American Revolution and,
10.1
,
10.2
; in ancient agrarian empires,
1.1
,
1.2
,
2.1
,
5.1
; in Byzantium,
6.1
,
6.2
,
6.3
,
6.4
; in France,
9.3
,
10.3
,
10.4
,
10.5
; in medieval Europe,
8.1
,
8.2
;

taxation (
continued
)

Persian system of,
6.1
,
7.1
,
7.2
; in Roman Empire,
5.1
,
5.2
,
5.3
,
5.4
,
5.5

Tegh Bahadur, Guru

Tehran (Iran),
11.1
,
11.2
,
12.1
,
13.1

Tel Aviv (Israel),
12.1
,
12.2

Templars,
8.1
,
8.2
,
8.3

Temple Mount Faithful

Ten Commandments,
4.1
,
4.2
,
4.3

Terah
, n20

Teresa of Ávila, Saint

terrorism
,
itr.1
,
11.1
,
12.1
,
12.2
,
13.1
; Israeli,
11.2
,
12.3
; Muslim opponents of,
13.2
,
13.3
; religious,
itr.2
,
11.3
,
12.4
,
12.5
,
12.6
,
12.7
,
13.4
,
13.5
,
13.6
(
see also
jihad
; suicide attacks); secular nationalist,
12.8
,
12.9
; white supremacist,
10.1
,
10.2

Tertullian, Quintus Septimus Florens

Theodosius I, Byzantine emperor

Theodosius II, Byzantine emperor

Theophilus of Alexandria

Theudas

Thirty-Nine Articles

Thirty Years’ War,
itr.1
,
itr.2
,
9.1
,
9.2
,
10.1
,
10.2
,
10.3
,
aft.1

Thor

Thoreau, Henry David

Thornhill, James Henry

Thuringia

Tiamat,
1.1
,
1.2
,
4.1

Tiber River

Tibet

Tiglath-pileser I, King of Assyria

Tiglath-pileser III, King of Assyria

Tigris River,
1.1
,
1.2
,
8.1

tit-for-tat warfare,
1.1
,
1.2

Titlemaus, Pieter

Tito, Josip Broz

Titus

Tocqueville, Alexis de,
10.1
,
10.2

Toledo (Spain)

Tolstoy, Leo

Torah,
5.1
,
5.2
,
8.1

Toulon (France)

Toulouse (France)

Tours (France),
8.1
,
9.1

trade,
1.1
,
1.2
,
1.3
,
5.1
,
10.1
,
11.1
; Arabian,
7.1
,
7.2
; European,
8.1
,
9.1
,
9.2
,
9.3
; in India,
2.1
,
2.2
,
2.3
; of Israel and Judah,
4.1
; slave,
9.4
,
10.2
,
aft.1

Trajan

Transjordan,
5.1
,
6.1

transubstantiation,
see
Eucharist