Fields of Blood (105 page)
Authors: Karen Armstrong
Leviathan (Israelite chaos-monster),
4.1
,
4.2
,
9.1
Life of St. Gerald of Aurillac
(Odo, abbot of Cluny)
Li Si (prime minister of Qi) 97,
3.1
,
3.2
,
3.3
Locke, John,
9.1
,
9.2
,
9.3
,
10.1
,
10.2
,
10.3
,
aft.1
Logos,
5.1
,
6.1
,
6.2
; Incarnation of,
6.3
London (England),
itr.1
,
8.1
,
9.1
,
9.2
,
10.1
,
11.1
,
13.1
,
aft.1
Lu (Chinese principality),
3.1
; Duke of,
3.2
Luther, Martin,
9.1
,
9.2
,
9.3
,
10.1
Lutherans,
9.1
,
9.2
,
9.3
,
9.4
,
9.5
,
10.1
Luxor (Egypt), massacre of tourists in
Madrid (Spain),
aft.1
; train bombing in,
13.1
Mahavira,
see
Jnatraputra, Vardhamana
Manasseh, King of Judah,
4.1
,
4.2
,
4.3
Maronite Christians,
12.1
,
12.2
,
12.3
,
13.1
martyrs,
10.1
,
12.1
,
12.2
,
12.3
; Christian,
5.1
,
5.2
,
6.1
,
6.2
,
6.3
, 204,
8.1
,
8.2
,
9.1
; Muslim,
7.1
,
11.1
,
11.2
,
12.4
,
12.5
,
12.6
,
12.7
,
12.8
,
13.1
,
13.2
(
see also
suicide attacks)
Mary I, Queen of England,
9.1
,
9.2
Mater et Magistra
(Pope John XXIII)
Maududi, Abul Ala,
11.1
,
11.2
,
13.1
,
13.2
Maximianus Daia, Roman emperor,
5.1
,
5.2
Maximilian, Holy Roman Emperor
Mazda, Ahura (Lord Wisdom),
1.1
,
1.2
Mecca (Arabia),
7.1
,
7.2
,
7.3
,
7.4
,
9.1
,
11.1
,
13.1
,
13.2
,
aft.1
Medina (Arabia),
7.1
,
7.2
,
7.3
,
7.4
,
7.5
,
11.1
,
13.1
,
13.2
Megiddo, ancient fortress of,
4.1
,
4.2
Mencius,
itr.1
,
itr.2
,
3.1
,
3.2
,
3.3
merchant class,
2.1
,
2.2
;
see also
bourgeoisie
Mesopotamia
,
itr.1
,
1.1
,
1.2
; ancient cities in,
1.3
,
1.4
; aristocracy of,
1.5
; Christianity in,
6.1
; climate of,
1.6
; Muslims in,
7.1
,
7.2
,
8.1
; traditional religions of,
itr.2
,
1.7
,
1.8
,
4.1
;
see also specific empires, peoples, and states
Metacom, Chief of the Wampanoag (“King Philip”)
Middle East,
itr.1
,
1.1
,
1.2
,
4.1
,
11.1
,
11.2
; absolute monarchies in,
9.1
; ancient sacred geography of,
11.3
; Christian crusaders in,
see
Crusades
; colonial period in,
11.4
; fiction of conquest
in,
4.2
; Islamic wars of expansion in,
7.1
; mythical and cultural consciousness of,
4.3
; pastoralists of,
1.3
; secular modernity in,
11.5
,
11.6
; social organization of,
6.1
; structural violence of,
1.4
; symbolic weight of temples in,
5.1
; traditional cosmogony of,
4.4
; treaties between former enemies in,
4.5
; Western domination of,
10.1
,
13.1
,
13.2
;
see also specific countries, nation states, and regions
Mithra (
Sanskrit:
Mitra),
1.1
,
1.2
,
2.1
modernity,
itr.1
,
itr.2
,
1.1
,
11.1
; colonialism and,
10.1
,
11.2
; industrialized,
10.2
,
10.3
; religious responses to,
9.1
,
9.2
,
10.4
,
10.5
,
10.6
,
11.3
,
11.4
,
11.5
,
11.6
,
11.7
,
11.8
,
11.9
,
12.1
,
13.1
; secularism and,
itr.3
,
10.7
,
10.8
,
11.10
,
11.11
,
aft.1
(
see also
Enlightenment
); violence generated by,
8.1
,
8.2
,
11.12
,
11.13
,
12.2
,
aft.2
,
aft.3
(
see also
terrorism
)
Moghul Empire
,
8.1
,
9.1
,
10.1
,
10.2
,
11.1
,
11.2
,
aft.1
monarchy,
2.1
,
4.1
,
4.2
,
4.3
,
5.1
,
7.1
; absolute,
see
absolute monarchies
; attacks on,
9.1
; constitutional,
9.2
; monotheism and,
6.1
; papal,
8.1
,
8.2
,
aft.1
;
see also names of sovereigns
Mongols,
8.1
,
10.1
,
12.1
,
13.1
,
aft.1
, 396
monks
: Buddhist,
2.1
,
2.2
,
9.1
,
aft.1
; Christian,
itr.1
,
itr.2
,
6.1
,
6.2
,
6.3
,
7.1
,
8.1
,
8.2
,
8.3
,
13.1
,
13.2
,
aft.2
,
aft.3
(
see also specific orders
); Jain,
2.3
monotheism,
itr.1
,
4.1
,
4.2
,
5.1
,
7.1
,
10.1
; embeddedness of politics in,
4.3
,
5.2
; intolerance and,
itr.2
,
4.4
,
4.5
Moses,
itr.1
,
4.1
,
4.2
,
4.3
,
4.4
,
4.5
,
6.1
,
8.1
,
10.1
Mother Goddess,
itr.1
,
1.1
,
1.2
,
1.3
,
11.1
Muhammad, Prophet,
7.1
,
7.2
,
10.1
,
10.2
,
11.1
,
12.1
,
13.1
,
13.2
,
13.3
; ahadith of,
see
ahadith; at Battle of Khaybar
,
7.3
,
12.2
; death of,
7.4
,
7.5
; imitation of,
7.6
,
13.4
; enemies of,
7.7
; customary practice of,
7.8
,
nts.1
n82; nonviolent policy of,
7.9
,
7.10
,
11.2
; pristine Islam of,
8.1
,
10.3
,
13.5
; revelation of Quran to,
7.11
,
7.12
; reverence for descendants of,
7.13
,
nts.2
n83 (
see also names of descendants
); structural violence opposed by,
9.1
; successors of,
7.14
,
7.15
mujahidin,
12.1
,
13.1
,
13.2
,
13.3
,
13.4