Food and the City: Urban Agriculture and the New Food Revolution (39 page)

23.
The Diane Rehm Show
, NPR, first aired October 25, 2009,
http://thedianerehmshow.org
(accessed September 6, 2010). (Search on the site for key words “Darrin Nordahl” and “public produce.”)

C
HAPTER
11. M
ILWAUKEE
: G
ROWING A
S
OCIAL
R
EVOLUTION

1.
Elizabeth Royte, “Street Farmer,”
New York Times Magazine
, July 1, 2009,
http://www.nytimes.com/pages/magazine/index.html
(accessed January 11, 2010).

2.
“Together We Are Growing Power,” Growing Power, Inc., press kit, 2011, provided by Will Allen. Growing Power's press kit is available for download at
http://www.growingpower.org/assets/presskit.pdf
.

3.
Information on Will Allen's background and company history was compiled primarily from ibid., and from Royte, “Street Farmer.”

4.
Royte, “Street Farmer.”

5.
On January 27, 2011, the author attended “Growing Out of Hunger,” a talk by Will Allen at Simon Fraser University Centre for Dialogue in Vancouver, British Columbia.

6.
Growing Power's mission statement is taken from its “Together We Are Growing Power” press kit, 2011.

C
HAPTER
12. D
ETROIT
: P
RAYING FOR AN
E
CONOMIC
R
EVOLUTION

1.
Tim Jones, “Detroit's Outlook Falls Along with Home Prices,”
Chicago Tribune
, January29, 2009,
http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2009-01-29/news/0901280800_1_home-prices-mayor-kwame-kilpatrick-outlook
(accessed February 25, 2011).

2.
David Whitford, “Can Farming Save Detroit?”
CNNMoney.com
, December 29, 2009, quoting Doug Rothwell, CEO of Business Leaders for Michigan,
http://money.cnn.com/2009/12/29/news/economy/farming_detroit.fortune/
(accessed February 24, 2011).

3.
Catherine Porter, “From Motown to Hoetown,”
Toronto Star
, September 26, 2009,
http://www.thestar.com/news/insight/article/700654
(accessed August 25, 2011).

4.
“Detroit Poverty Getting Worse,” hosted by Farai Chideya, NPR, October 5, 2005,
http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4955488
(accessed August 25, 2011).

5.
Daniel Okrent, “Detroit: The Death—and Possible Life—of a Great City,”
Time
, September 24, 2009,
http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1926017,00.html
(accessed on August 27, 2011).

6.
Ibid.

7.
Jones, “Detroit's Outlook Falls Along with Home Prices.”

8.
“State & County Quickfacts: Detroit (city), Michigan,” US Census, last revised July 8, 2009,
http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/26/2622000.html
(accessed May 24, 2011).

9.
Alethia Carr, telephone interview with the author, Detroit, Michigan, February 2, 2011.

10.
Definition comes from the federal WIC website at
http://www.fns.usda.gov/wic/aboutwic/
(accessed May 24, 2011).

11.
“WIC-Fact-Sheet.pdf” p. 2, downloaded from
http://www.fns.usda.gov/wic/aboutwic/
(accessed August 27, 2011).

12.
Taja Sevelle's Urban Farming program, based in Detroit, has started farms on unused land and grows free vegetables and produce for the community surrounding the farm,
http://www.urbanfarming.org
.

13.
Greening of Detroit web address is
http://www.greeningofdetroit.com/
.

14.
Detroit Black Community Food Security Network, among other food-security organizations, operates the D-Town Farm. The group's web address is
http://detroitblackfoodsecurity.org/.

15.
This figure of 1,300 urban food gardens in Detroit was put forward by Dan Carmody, manager of Detroit's Eastern Markets, a well-known six-block farmers’ market. Alethia Carr was in attendance and reported on this figure at
http://www.foodandsocietyfellows.org/digest/article/detroit-business-urban-agriculture
(accessed August 27, 2011).

16.
“World's Largest Urban Farm Planned for the City of Detroit,” Hantz Farms press release, April 23, 2009,
http://www.hantzfarmsdetroit.com/press.html
(accessed December 22, 2010).

17.
Shea Howell, “Detroit Counts,”
Michigan Citizen
, April 3, 2011,
http://michigancitizen.com/detroit-counts-p9645-1.htm
(accessed May 24, 2011).

18.
The panel discussion is available online at
http://www.umd.umich.edu/urbanfarming
.

19.
John Hantz quotes are from the panel discussion “Urban Farming Summit: The Business of Urban Agriculture,” University of Michigan-Dearborn, April 7, 2010. A video of the conference is available at
http://www.umd.umich.edu/urbanfarming
.

20.
Ibid.

21.
“Homestead Act 2010,” City of Beatrice, Nebraska,
http://www.beatrice.ne.gov/departments/city/attorney/homestead.shtml
(accessed August 25, 2011).

22.
Carlton Flakes, panel discussion, “Urban Farming Summit: The Business of Urban Agriculture,” April 7, 2010.

23.
Mike Score (president of Hantz Farms), personal interview with the author, Detroit, Michigan, February 1, 2011.

24.
Ibid.

25.
Ibid.

C
HAPTER
13. C
HICAGO
: T
HE
V
ERTICAL
F
ARM

1.
Dickson Despommier,
The Vertical Farm: Feeding the World in the 21st Century
(New York: Thomas Dunne Books, 2010).

2.
Blake Kurasek's Living Skyscraper can be viewed at
http://blakekurasek.com/thelivingskyscraper.html
.

3.
Vincent Callebaut's Dragonfly vertical farm can be viewed at
http://vincent.callebaut.org/page1-img-dragonfly.html
.

4.
Despommier and Ellingsen's pyramidal vertical farm can be viewed at
http://www.verticalfarm.com/designs?folder=b9aa20a4-9c6a-4983-b3ad-390c4f1fa562
.

5.
MVRDV's website is at
http://www.mvrdv.nl
.

6.
The Plant's website is at
http://www.plantchicago.com/
.

7.
Blake Davis (adjunct professor of urban agriculture at Illinois Institute of Technology), personal interview with the author, The Plant, Chicago, Illinois, January 29, 2011.

8.
Personal interviews were conducted onsite at The Plant with John Edel (owner/developer/director, The Plant), Blake Davis (adjunct professor of urban agriculture, IIT), Alex Poltorak (volunteer, The Plant), and Audrey Thibault (volunteer, The Plant), Chicago, Illinois, January 29, 2011.

9.
I found several sources that reference the influence of the Chicago Stockyard's “disassembly line” on Henry Ford's idea for the automobile assembly line. He saw the efficiencies gained by giving one worker one specific task and then moving the carcasses on to the next worker. Ford reversed the process to put cars together, but the idea of worker specialization was born on the blood-soaked floors of stock-yard slaughterhouses. One source, among many online, that states this is
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/chicago/peopleevents/p_armour.html
.

10.
The backstory of how John Edel came to purchase the Peer Foods building and information on The Plant came from a personal interview with John Edel, January 29, 2011.

11.
Bubbly Dynamics draws its nickname from nearby Bubbly Creek, a waterway named during the days of the stockyards and the attendant business that sprung up around the century-long livestock and slaughter industry in Chicago, where boiled waste and decaying matter made the creek appear to bubble.

12.
John Edel, personal interview with the author, The Plant, Chicago, Illinois, January 29, 2011.

13.
Ibid.

14.
John Edel and Nathan Wyse in conversation with the author, The Plant, Chicago, Illinois, January 29, 2011.

15.
John Edel, personal interview with the author, The Plant, Chicago, Illinois, January 29, 2011.

16.
Blake Davis, in person interview with the author, The Plant, Chicago, Illinois, January 29,2011.

17.
Ibid.

C
HAPTER
14. C
UBA
: U
RBAN
A
GRICULTURE ON A
N
ATIONAL
S
CALE

1.
Bill McKibben, “The Cuba Diet: What Will You Be Eating When the Revolution Comes?”
Harper's
magazine, April 2005,
http://harpers.org/archive/2005/04/0080501
(accessed March 20, 2007).

2.
Fernando Funes et al.,
Sustainable Agriculture and Resistance: Transforming Food Production in Cuba
(Oakland, CA: Food First Books, 2002), p. 5.

3.
Ibid., p. 37.

4.
These details were compiled from personal conversations between Cuban citizens and the author, February 2007 and May 2010.

5.
McKibben, “The Cuba Diet.”

6.
Funes et al.,
Sustainable Agriculture and Resistance
, p. 5.

7.
Ibid.

8.
Ibid.

9.
McKibben, quoting Fernando Funes in “The Cuba Diet.”

10.
Ibid.

11.
In Spanish, this is referred to as
Período Especial en Tiempo de Paz
, or, simply,
Período Especial
.

12.
Funes et al.,
Sustainable Agriculture and Resistance
, p. 235.

13.
Sarah Murdoch, “Future of Food: The Vegetable Gardeners of Havana,” BBC Two, August 22, 2009,
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8213617.
stm (accessed May 24, 2010).

14.
“The Accidental Revolution, Pt. 1,”
The Nature of Things
, CBC Television, 2006.

15.
Living Planet Report 2006, World Wildlife Fund,
http://wwf.panda.org/about_our_earth/all_publications/living_planet_report/living_planet_report_timeline/lp_2006/
(accessed August 26, 2007). (It should be noted that these are based on self-reported statistics from the countries.)

16.
Personal attendance at VIII Meeting on Organic and Sustainable Agriculture international conference, in Havana, Cuba, May 11 to 14, 2010.

17.
Personal visit to Little Radish
organopónico
, Ciego de Ávila, Cuba, February 5, 2007.

18.
Jorge Carmenate (manager, Little Radish
organopónico)
, personal interview with the author, Ciego de Ávila, Cuba, February 5, 2007.

19.
Ibid.

20.
The author calculated this based on the number of
organopónicos
in Ciego de Ávila and the population figures of the city.

21.
Cuba has two currencies: one is the Cuban peso (CUP), an internal currency that Cuban nationals use, often referred to as “national money.” State wages are paid in CUPs, as are essential items, such as food and medicine. Cuban pesos are generally not available to tourists and have no real value outside Cuba; therefore, it is difficult and often meaningless to convert CUP prices into dollars. Cuban convertible pesos (CUC), is the currency used by tourists and by Cubans for luxury items. It is referred to as “hard currency,” as it is exchangeable for US dollars on a 1:1 ratio, plus a 10 percent tax at the time of conversion.

22.
Personal visit to Vivero Alamar, Havana, Cuba, May 10, 2010.

23.
The author compiled this list of ration items and quantities from interviews conducted with our Cuban tour guides and translators in May 2010.

24.
Personal visit to ration store, Camagüey, Cuba, February 6, 2007.

25.
Clifford L. Staten,
The History of Cuba
(New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003), p. 6.

26.
Personal visit to Agromercado 19 y B, Havana, Cuba, May 15, 2010.

27.
Tito Nuñez (chef of El Romero) personal interview with the author at the eco-restaurant Las Terrazas, Havana, Cuba, May 12, 2010.

28.
Ibid.

C
HAPTER
15. C
ONCLUSION
: G
REENING AND
E
ATING
O
UR
C
ITIES

1.
Brooklyn Grange Farm, Queens, New York,
http://www.brooklyngrangefarm.com
.

2.
Eagle Street Rooftop Farm, Queens, New York,
http://rooftopfarms.org
.

3.
Lufa Farms, Montreal, Quebec,
https://lufa.com/en
.

4.
“Rooftop Farm Set to Deliver Fresh Produce to Montreal Consumers,” Lufa Farms press release, March 22, 2011,
http://www.cnw.ca/en/releases/archive/March2011/22/c5312.html
(accessed August 27, 2011).

5.
Gotham Greens, Brooklyn, NY,
http://gothamgreens.com/
.

6.
Ibid.

7.
Design a School Garden (with LAUSD) and We'll Build It!” Good Education, April 26, 2010,
http://www.good.is/post/design-a-school-garden-with-lausd-and-we-ll-build-it/
(accessed August 27, 2011).

8.
Ibid.

9.
Terence Belford, “Developers Blue over Green Roofs,”
Globe and Mail
, June 16, 2009 (updated January 10, 2010),
http://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/developers-blue-over-green-roofs/article1183436/
(accessed August 26, 2011).

10.
Ron Berezan, personal interview with the author, Edmonton, Alberta, April 29, 2009.

11.
Ibid.

12.
Ibid.

13.
Figures sourced from “Intergovernmental Dialogue,” United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs,
http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/financial-crisis/government-dialogue.shtml
(accessed May 31, 2011).