France and the Nazi Threat: The Collapse of French Diplomacy 1932-1939 (90 page)

  
16
.
    
Ibid., p. 182.

  
17
.
    
*Siegfried, André
, Aspects du XXie siècle
, Paris, 1955, Chap. V, “L’âge du tourisme,” p. 109–148.

  
18
.
    
Two excellent dissertations increase our understanding of the international issues of immigration. Bonnet, Jean-Charles,
Les pouvoirs publics français et l’immigration dans l’entre-deux-guerres
, Lyon (Centre d’histoire économique et sociale de la region lyonnaise), 1976 and *Schor, Ralph,
L’opinion française et les étrangers en France, 1919–1939
, Aix, 1980 (to be published) with large bibliographies. Mrs. Ponty, Jeanine is preparing a dissertation with us regarding Polish immigration.

  
19
.
    
Bonnet, J.C., op. cit., p. 16 sq.

  
20
.
    
Bonnet, J.C., op. cit., p. 22.

  
21
.
    
Bonnet, J.C., op. cit., p. 378.

  
22
.
    
Bonnet, J.C., op. cit., p. 22 sq.

  
23
.
    
Bonnet, J.C., op. cit., p. 328 sq. See also Jeanneney, op. cit., pp. 481–482.

  
24
.
    
Bonnet, J.C., op. cit., p. 205–207.

  
25
.
    
Bonnet, J.C., op. cit., p. 220 sq.

  
26
.
    
Bonnet, J.C., op. cit., p. 228 sq.

  
27
.
    
Bonnet, J.C., op. cit., p. 232.

  
28
.
    
Bonnet, J.C., op. cit., p. 24.

  
29
.
    
*Armengaud, André,
La population française au XXe siècle
, 1973, p. 55.

  
30
.
    
Regarding most of these issues, see *Pike, David W.,
Los republicanos españoles refugiados en Francia 1939-1944
, Paris, 1969. For the negotiations, see within, Chaps. XII and XIII.

  
31
.
    
Bonnet, J.C., op. cit., p. 367.

  
32
.
    
All this information in
DDF
, 2, XII, no. 348, Note from the deputy directorate of administrative and international union affairs, 21 November 1938.

  
33
.
    
Perhaps in September 1938; see *Bonnet, Georges,
De Washington au Quai d’Orsay
, 1946, p. 212.

  
34
.
    
DDF, 2, XII, no. 390, Transcript of Franco-British conversations, 24 November 1938.

  
35
.
    
*Thibaudet, Albert,
Histoire de la littérature française de 1789 à nos jours, 1936
, p. 539.

  
36
.
    
See in, Chap. VII, § IV.

  
37
.
    
Thibaudet, op. cit., p. 539.

  
38
.
    
See the dissertation by *Gadoffre, Gilbert,
Claudel et l’Univers chinois
, 1969. See also *
Cahiers Paul Claudel
, n. 4, 19:
Claudel diplomate
, that assembles for the period after 1919 writing on Germany, the United States and Belgium.

  
39
.
    
*Body, Jacques,
Giraudoux et l’Allemagne
, Paris, Publications de la Sorbonne, 1975.

  
40
.
    
The chart and information that precedes is from *Girou de Buzareingues, Claire, “La traduction en France,”
Le livre français hier, aujourd’hui, demain
, 1972, pp. 267–268.

  
41
.
    
See from a literary point of view, *Pistorius, G.,
L’image de l’Allemagne dans le roman français entre les deux guerres (1919–1939)
, 1964.

  
42
.
    
Body, op. cit., p. 386.

  
43
.
    
See *Robichez, Jacques,
Romain Rolland
, 1961.

  
44
.
    
Europe
, 15 November 1934, “Je ne peux pas oublier,” quoted by *Mysyrowicz, Ladislas,
Anatomie d’une défaite
, dissertation, Lausanne, 1973, p. 305.

  
45
.
    
Europe
, 15 November 1934, quoted by Mysyrowicz, op. cit., p. 323.

  
46
.
    
See Micaud,
La droite française et l’Allemagne
, op. cit.

  
47
.
    
Mysyrowicz, op. cit., p. 302.

  
48
.
    
See *Reinhard, Marcel and Armengaud, André,
Histoire générale de la population mondiale
, p. 410 sq.; Armengaud,
La population française au XXe siecle
, op. cit.

  
49
.
    
*Sieburg, Friedrich,
Dieu est-il francais?
, 1940; see p. 243.

  
50
.
    
Juvisy, 1931, p. 147. See also Delbreil, Jean-Claude,
Les catholiques français et les tentatives de rapprochement franco-allemand (1920–1935
), op. cit., p. 254.

  
51
.
    
*Vienot, Pierre,
Incertitudes allemandes
, 1931, p. 167, see pp. 117–118.

  
52
.
    
*
Problèmes franco-allemands d’après-guerre
, Paris, 1932, p. 242. See also L’Huillier, Fernand.
Dialogues franco-allemands
. 1925–1933, op. cit., p. 175.

  
53
.
    
An excellent analysis of the issue in the recent dissertation by *Ostenc, Michel,
L’éducation en Italie pendant le fascisme
, Aix, 1977, see pp. 1214 et seq. Ostenc quotes among others *Preti, Luigi,
Giovinezza, Giovinezza
, 9th edition, Milan, 1972. Abridged edition of the dissertation; *Ostenc, M.
L’éducation en Italie pendant le fascisme
. Sorbonne, 1980. See also * Ostenc, M.
Intellectuels italiens et fascisme 1915–1919
, 1983.

  
54
.
    
Romains, Jules,
Cela dépend de nous
, op. cit., 135 p.; see pp. 97 and 103.

  
55
.
    
*Larès, Antoine,
T.E. Lawrence et la France
, 1976.

  
56
.
    
See the excellent dissertation by *Guyard, Marius-François,
L’image de la Grande-Bretagne dans le roman français
, 1954. On “Le Gentleman,” see pp. 111–162.

  
57
.
    
*Gilbert and Gott,
The Appeasers
, 1963, passim, and Rowse, A. L.,
All Souls and Appeasement
, op. cit. *Mommsen, W., and Kettensker, L.,
The Fascist Challenge and the Policy of Appeasement
, 1983.

  
58
.
    
*Spears, Sir Edward,
Prelude to Dunkirk
, 1954, Vol. I, p.4, p. 11.

  
59
.
    
Journal des années tragiques
, op. cit., passim.

  
60
.
    
MAE, Corbin to Bonnet, 21 December 1938.

  
61
.
    
Op. cit. p. 57. Daladier on the other hand enjoyed a close friendship with American Ambassador William Bullitt who exaggerated his own influence on Daladier. See *Bullitt, Orville, ed.
For the President. Correspondence between Franklin D. Roosevelt and William C. Bullitt
, Boston, 1972.

  
62
.
    
*Bonafé, Felix,
Jacques Bardoux
, 1977, p. 35.

  
63
.
    
Noël, Léon,
Les illusions de Stresa
, p. 47.

  
64
.
    
*Giraud, General Henri,
Un seul but, la victoire
, 1949.

  
65
.
    
Guyard, op. cit.; see pp. 275–277.

  
66
.
    
Europe nouvelle
, 10 October 1938, quoted in *Ageron, Ch.-R., “L’opinion publique française pendant les crises internationales de septembre 1938 à juillet 1939,”
Cahiers de l’Insitut d’histoire de la presse et de l’opinion
, no. 3, pp. 203–223.

  
67
.
    
See an excellent summary in *Ageron, Ch.-R., “La vénalité de la presse française dans la première moitié du XX e siècle. L’action des États étrangers,” ibid., no 3, pp. 107–130.

  
68
.
    
See Ageron, second article quoted, p. 129.

  
69
.
    
*Gallo, Max,
Contribution à l’étude des méthodes et des résultats de la propagande et de l’information de l’Italie fasciste (1933–1939
), dissertation of the 3rd cycle.

  
70
.
    
See Ageron, quoted article, p. 127.

  
71
.
    
See mostly *Bariety, Jacques, “L’appareil de presse de Joseph Caillaux et l’argent allemand, 1920–1932”,
Revue historique
, no. 502, April–June 1972.

  
72
.
    
All these details are in Ageron, quoted article, pp. 121–125.

  
73
.
    
*Milza, Pierre, “Les problèmes financiers de
L’Humanité
, 1920–1939,”
RHMC
, October–December 1973.

  
74
.
    
See Ageron, quoted article, p. 121.

  
75
.
    
Ageron, quoted article, p. 130.

  
76
.
    
The most important study is that by *Kupferman, Alfred, “Diplomatie parallèle et guerre psychologique: le role de la Ribbentrop-Dienststelle dans eles tenattives d’action sur l’opinion française: 1934–1939,”
Relations internationales
, n. 3, 1974, pp. 72–95. Otto Abetz the main protagonist provided an embellished picture in *Abetz, Otto,
Histoire d’une politique franco-allemande 1930–1950
, 1953.

  
77
.
    
Matin
, 22 November 1933. Dans
DDF
, 1, V, no. 44, 22 November, François-Poncet his unhappiness with de Brinon who had lied to him. He had already met with Hitler when he saw the ambassador. But he told him the opposite.

  
78
.
    
France-Allemagne
, p. 264.

  
79
.
    
See Jeanneney, J.-N., op. cit., pp. 357–362.

  
80
.
    
Kupferman, quoted article, p. 93. Most of what follows comes from that writer.

  
81
.
    
Daladier sent him on a mission to Germany in February 1939, which once again irritated François-Poncet even though he was in Rome; see MAE T. 573, 15 February 1939 on the missions by Baudoin (Rome) and Brinon (Berlin).

  
82
.
    
On 6 December 1938 he met with German interpreter Paul Schmidt. Not only he but also the delegation that had come with von Ribbentrop had read his books. Jules Romains found such flattery irresistible. See *Schmidt, Paul,
Statist auf diplomatischer Bühne
, 1950.

  
83
.
    
MAE, D. 1319, de Montbas, chargé d’affaires, to Bonnet, Berlin, 8 December 1938.

  
84
.
    
MAE, T. 327, Coulondre to Bonnet, 31 January 1939.

  
85
.
    
At the liberation of France Albert Bayet the left wing Radical-Socialist, president of the Resistance press and professor at the Sorbonne even published
a successful pamphlet,
Pétain et la cinquième colonne
which cannot be said to follow the rules of historical research.

  
86
.
    
MAE, T. 4515–4517, Coulondre to Bonnet, 19 December 1938.

  
87
.
    
MAE, T. 3654–3657, Coulondre to Bonnet, 20 December 1938.

  
88
.
    
Weber, Eugen,
L’Action française
, 1962, p. 461.

Chapter VII

F
RANCE’S
W
ORLDWIDE
E
CONOMIC
I
NTERESTS