 | the western powers" because of France's acute need for Ruhr coal (145). This view was also expressed by Young in
Britain, France and the Unity of Europe,
5758. Lacroix-Riz has seen Bidault as a stooge of the western powers, seeking to use the break at Moscow to force out the Communists from the French government (
Le choix de Marianne: Les relations franco-américaines,
11619); Willis,
The French in Germany,
sees Moscow as the end of the French "theses" in Germany (4150); and Gillingham,
Coal, Steel, and the Rebirth of Europe,
sees France as willing to bargain away its positions in Germany in return for German coal (156). The argument presented here conforms with that presented by Bossuat in
La France, l'aide américaine et la construction européenne,
12128. On U.S. and British policy and the Moscow Conference, see Eisenberg,
Drawing the Line,
289317; Hogan,
Marshall Plan,
3745; Gimbel,
American Occupation,
12123, 153; Leffler,
Preponderance of Power,
15164; Yergin,
Shattered Peace,
296302; Rothwell,
Britain and the Cold War,
288, 34445; Monnet,
Mémoires,
31415; Backer,
Winds of History: The German Years of Lucius DuBignon Clay,
17277.
|
| 58. United Nations, Department of Economic Affairs,
A Survey of the Economic Situation and Prospects of Europe,
xi, and
Economic Survey of Europe in 1948
.
|
| 59. This is a point that Milward makes with great emphasis: "The main contribution to the increase in dollar imports arose directly from the vigor of the European recovery. It arose not from any slackening off in that recovery in 1947 but from the increased level of investment in that year in plant, machinery and vehicles" (
The Reconstruction of Western Europe,
37).
|
| 60. European Recovery Program,
France: Country Study,
7.
|
| 61. Baum,
The French Economy and the State,
4950. The threat that inflation posed to the recovery effort as a whole is evident in the woeful report issued by Monnet's office, the Commissariat Général du Plan, in which inflation was cited as the primary cause both of social unrest and slow recovery. "Inflationary pressures have now gone beyond the extreme, and are about to become deadly" (CGP,
Perspectives des ressources et des besoms de l'économie française,
11).
|
| 62. Baum,
French Economy,
53, and table I, 20; European Recovery Program,
France,
17,
|
| 63. Baum,
French Economy,
84; Institut National de la Statistique et des Etudes Economiques,
La balance des paiements, 1910 à 1956,
table X, 278.
|
| 64.
Compte-rendu
of the CEI, April 8, 1947, AN, F60o, box 903.
|
| 65. Willis,
French in Germany,
134. Cairncross,
Price of War,
192, gives the price of German coal as $ 8 per ton; the $ 14 figure is cited in a memo from the Office of Economic and Financial Affairs of the Quai d'Orsay, July 21, 1947, Bidault Papers, AN, 457 AP, box 13.
|
| 66.
Communication du M. le Ministre de l'Economie nationale relative à la répartition du charbon au cours de l'année 1947,
March 7, 1947; and a follow-up memo of March 24, 1947, AN, F60, box 903.
|
| 67.
Rapport général au CEI sur les budgets de matières premières et les programmes de production,
March 10, 1946, from the Office of Economic Programs at the Ministry of National Economy, AN, F60, box 902;
Note en vue du discours du President,
by Alphand, February 25, 1947, Bidault Papers, AN, 457 AP, box 60.
|
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