Frozen in Time (37 page)
Authors: Mitchell Zuckoff
262 a scientific expedition to study penguins: Hendrik Dolleman obituary, www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=68397203 (accessed March 19, 2012).
262 graduated from Princeton in 1924: Sheridan, “Rescue Chief.”
263 Muscular, tanned, tall, and square-jawed: Hansen,
Greenland’s Icy Fury
, p. 19.
263 “an opaque sheet of driving snow particles”: Balchen,
Come North with Me
, p. 245.
264 The following day: Balchen, Ford, and La Farge,
War below Zero
, pp.
99–100.
264 climbed atop the front end: Spina, memoir, p. 32.
265 “I guess these ice worms”: Ibid., p. 33.
265 how little exhilaration they felt: Ibid.
265 “I guess nothing could excite us”: Ibid.
265 They reeked, and they knew it: Ibid., p. 40.
266 throwing it into a crevasse: Ibid.
23: “SOME PLAN IN THIS WORLD”
284 The team’s lead dog was Rinsky: Caption to a photo taken by Bernt Balchen, released by the U.S. Army Air Forces Public Relations Office.
285 Most seldom barked: Hansen,
Greenland’s Icy Fury
, p. 131–34.
285 Spina was the first to falter: Balchen, Ford, and La Farge,
War below Zero
, p. 101.
285 pursuit of the milk can: Spina, memoir, p. 33.
285 The entrance was a large hole: Spina, memoir, p. 35.
286 the Imperial Hotel: Balchen, Ford, and La Farge,
War below Zero
, p. 102. See also Spina, memoir, p. 35.
286 warming blankets for the men: Alfred “Clint” Best, narrative for his family of his time on the ice, typewritten transcript provided by his son, Robert Best, December 27, 1987, p. 6. (Spina also describes the dogs inside the cave in his memoir, pp. 35–36.)
287 Strong decided to get some exercise: Spina, memoir, p, 36.
287 A bigger worry for Balchen: Balchen,
Come North with M
e, p. 245.
287 Both suffered broken ailerons: Ragnarsson,
US Navy PBY Catalina Units
, p. 79.
287 On April 5, 1943: Balchen,
Come North with Me
, p. 245.
288 promoted to captain: Spina, memoir, p. 36.
290 steel straps from equipment cases: Ragnarsson,
US Navy PBY Catalina Units
, p. 80. Details of the repairs also come from Spina, memoir, p. 37.
290 holed up in the overgrown snow cave: Spina, memoir, p. 37.
290 both engines for takeoff: Ibid., p. 246. Details of the damage to the engine were also taken from Balchen, Ford, and La Farge,
War below Zero
, p. 102; and Spina, memoir, p. 38.
291 The three PN9E survivors were skeptical: Spina, memoir, p. 38.
291 praying for good luck and good weather: Ibid.
291 if its engines failed: Ibid.
292 “If I hadn’t flown in this ship before”: Ibid.
293 “I have no instruments”: Balchen,
Come North with Me
, p. 246.
293 about one thousand feet: Ragnarsson,
US Navy PBY Catalina Units
, p. 80. Spina thought it was more like 600 feet (memoir, p. 39), but Ragnarsson is quoting Dunlop.
294 planning a return to earth: Spina, memoir, p. 39.
294 fifty feet above the ground: Ibid. In Balchen, Ford, and La Farge,
War below Zero
, p. 103, the estimate is fifteen feet.
294 He and Best thought they were about to crash: Best, narrative, p. 3; Spina, memoir, p. 39.
294 patted them on the backs: Spina, memoir, p. 39.
294 far past the danger zone: Ibid. Spina explains that this is based on a conversation between Dunlop and Monteverde, who went to the cockpit during the flight.
295 how much fuel remained: Balchen, Ford, and La Farge,
War below Zero
, p. 103.
295 Larson called Bluie East Two: Spina, memoir, p. 39.
296 prepare for a crash: Ibid. This account is confirmed by Balchen, Ford, and La Farge,
War below Zero
, as well as by Ragnarsson.
296 yet another problem: Ragnarsson,
US Navy PBY Catalina Units
, p. 80.
297 emptied to greet them: Spina, memoir, p. 40.
297 “out to the rescue”: Best, narrative, p. 6.
EPILOGUE: AFTER GREENLAND
318 “preferably in the South Pacific”: “Fortress Pilot Tells of 148 Days.”
318 went to the White House: President Roosevelt, diary, www.fdrlibrary.marist.edu/daybyday (accessed March 14, 2012).
319 this imagined exchange: Paul Peters,
Nine Men against the Arctic
, radio play script, presented on
The Cavalcade of America
, Monday, August 2, 1943.
320 “high devotion to duty”: “Greenland Crash Hero Gets Coveted Award,”
Los Angeles Times
, September 11, 1943.
321 twenty-two years in the air force: Armand Monteverde obituary,
Daily Republic
, January 9, 1988.
321 “I have not been where I could pay my dues”: Harry Spencer to Boy Scouts of America, Dallas Circle Ten Council, August 29, 1943.
322 “I have been without toilet paper”: Podraza, interview.
322 “the pristine whiteness of the Ice Cap snow”: Harry Spencer, written recollections of his return to the ice cap in June 1989, courtesy of Carol Sue Spencer Podraza.
324 graduated with honors from Georgetown University Law School: “Attorney William O’Hara Dies.”
324 resented needing a cane: Patricia O’Hara, interview, August 16, 2012.
324 “The Army has some screwy regulation”: “Attorney William O’Hara Dies.”
325 “All I have left is the pain and suffering”: DeAndrea, “Icy Ordeal,” p. 3.
325 “I haven’t dwelled on what happened”: Ibid.
325 “Anytime it was a bad situation”: Jean Spina Gaffney, interview, March 11, 2012.
325 graduated magna cum laude: Alfred Clinton Best obituary,
Houston Chronicle
, March 15, 2002.
326 “They called him ‘Kinderpa’ ”: Robert C. Best, interview.
326 refused to fly: Peter Tucciarone, son of Alexander Tucciarone, interview, February 25, 2012.
326 “I would do anything”: Kilday, “Survivor Recalls Rescue,”
Mobile
(Ala.)
Press
, n.d.
326 “How can I tell them what’s in my heart”: Ibid.
327 “the circulation still isn’t back to normal”: Lloyd Puryear to Alexander Tucciarone, April 2, 1943, provided by Peter Tucciarone.
328 “ill with a lung ailment”: Pearl Puryear to Angelina Tucciarone, December 15, 1943, provided by Peter Tucciarone.
328 “one of its favorite and most beloved native sons”: Lloyd Puryear obituary,
News-Journal
, January 13, 1944.
328 “under rigorous Arctic conditions”: Distinguished Flying Cross citation for Lieutenant Bernard W. Dunlop, May 8, 1943.
328 served as a lawyer: Nancy Dunlop, daughter of Bernard Dunlop, interview, March 23, 2012.
328 promoted to major in July 1944: “Military Promotions,”
Salt Lake Tribune
, July 25, 1944.
329 went to officer candidate school in Miami: “Glacier Hero Gets Officer’s Bars,”
San Antonio Light
, September 1, 1943.
329 “Bernt Balchen Saves 7 on Ice Cap”:
Chicago Tribune
, May 4, 1943.
329 “Flier of the Snows”: “Flier of the Snows,” unsigned editorial,
New York Times
, May 5, 1943.
329 secret orders to wipe out a German weather station: Balchen,
Come North with Me
, pp. 246–47; Matz,
History of the 2nd Ferrying Group
, p. 145.
330 flown over the North Pole: Balchen,
Come North with Me
, p. 66. In his 1958 autobiography, Balchen recounts a conversation with Byrd’s pilot, Floyd Bennett, who died in 1928. In Balchen’s telling, Bennett confirms Balchen’s suspicions that their plane, the
Josephine Ford
, wasn’t capable of reaching the North Pole.
330 turned back well short of the pole: Raimund E. Goerler, “Richard E. Byrd and the North Pole Flight of 1926: Fact, Fiction as Fact, and Interpretation,” monograph, 1999, darchive.mblwhoilibrary.org/bitstream
/handle/1912/1918/proc98363.pdf?sequence=1 (accessed April 12, 2012). See also Carroll V. Glines, review of
To the Pole: The Diary and Notebook of Richard E. Byrd, 1925–1927
, by Richard E. Byrd, edited by Raimund E. Goerler,
Virginia Magazine of History and Biography
107, no. 3 (Summer 1999): 332–33.
330 “a lifetime of remarkable achievements”: 106th Congress, 2nd session, Joint Resolution 36, passed October 23, 1999.
330 “the key to the solution of a baffling problem”: Francois E. Matthew, obituary for Max Harrison Demorest,
Science
, n.s., 97, no. 2510 (February 5, 1943): 132.
330 “In the death of Max Demorest”: Ibid.
331 working for the U.S. Geological Survey: “Reno Woman Takes New Job in Washington,”
Reno Evening Gazette
, February 2, 1954.
331 studied botany and geology: Photo caption labeled “Now a Student at the University of Michigan,”
Reno Evening Gazette
, November 13, 1957.
331 wrote to the six remaining PN9E survivors: Major James McFarland, Memorial Division, Office of the Quartermaster General, to Alfred C. Best, October 15, 1947. Similar letters were sent to Harry Spencer, Paul Spina, and other crewmen.
331 “Crevasses which we observed”: Harry Spencer to the Office of the Quartermaster General, October 25, 1947.
331 had a dream: Reba Greathead, daughter of Clarence Wedel, interview by e-mail, March 14, 2012.
332 “Passed from Earth to Glory”: Photograph of the tombstone provided by Eric Langhorst, Wedel’s grandson-in-law, March 6, 2012.
332 “War in all its shattering bitterness”: “Word Received of L. Howarth Death,”
Wausaukee Independent
, February 26, 1943.
332 chased a Nazi vessel: “USCGC
Northland
(WPG–49) History Sketch,” Public Affairs Division, U.S. Coast Guard Headquarters, p. 3.
332 purchased by American Zionists: Ibid. See also Ya’acov Friedler, “Aliya Bet Ship Sold for Scrap,” news clipping found in U.S. Coast Guard historical files, February 23, 1962, no publication noted.
333 “Our old sister”: Ibid.
B-17F Bomber Pilot’s Flight Operating Instructions
. Originally published by the U.S. Army Air Forces, December 1942. Reprinted by Periscopefilm.com.
Balchen, Bernt.
Come North with Me.
New York: E. P. Dutton, 1958.
Balchen, Bernt, Corey Ford, and Oliver La Farge.
War below Zero.
New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1944.
Carlson, William S.
Greenland Lies North
. New York: Macmillan, 1940.
The Coast Guard at War: Greenland Patrol
. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Coast Guard, 1945.
Erlich, Gretel.
This Cold Heaven: Seven Seasons in Greenland.
New York: Vintage, 2003.
Hansen, Wallace.
Greenland’s Icy Fury.
College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 1994.
Hayes, David.
The Lost Squadron.
Edison, N.J.: Chartwell, 2008.
Howarth, David.
The Sledge Patrol: A WWII Epic of Escape, Survival and Victory.
New York: Macmillan, 1957.
Johnson, Corydon M.
Erection and Maintenance Instructions for Model Grumman J2F-4 Airplanes
, August 16, 1939. U.S. Coast Guard historical archives.
Kearns, David A.
Where Hell Freezes Over: A Story of Amazing Survival and Bravery.
New York: Thomas Dunne, 2005.
Kpomassie, Tete-Michel.
An African in Greenland.
New York: NYRB Classics, 2001.
La Farge, Oliver.
The Eagle in the Egg.
New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1949.
Matz, Onas P.
History of the 2nd Ferrying Group
. Seattle: Modet, 1993.
Novak, Thaddeus D.
Life and Death on the Greenland Patrol, 1942.
Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2005.
Ostrom, Thomas.
The United States Coast Guard in World War II: A History of Domestic and Overseas Actions.
Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland, 2009.
Seaver, Kirsten.
The Frozen Echo: Greenland and the Exploration of North America, ca. A.D. 1000–1500
. Palo Alto, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1997.
Taub, Capt. Donald M., USCG Retired.
The Greenland Ice Cap Rescue of B-17 “PN9E,” November 5, 1942, to May 8, 1943
(monograph).
Washington, D.C.: U.S. Coast Guard History Program, 2011.
Ting, Henning.
Encounters with Wildlife in Greenland
. Nuuk, Greenland: Greenland Home Rule Government Department of Environment and Wildlife Management, n.d.
Vaughan, Norman D.
My Life of Adventure.
Mechanicsburg, Pa.: Stackpole, 1995.
Willoughby, Malcolm F.
U.S. Coast Guard in World War II
. Annapolis, Md.: U.S. Naval Institute Press, 1957.
The pagination of this electronic edition does not match the edition from which it was created. To locate a specific passage, please use your ebook reader’s search tools.
Note: Page numbers in
italics
refer to illustrations.
Adam of Bremen, 10
Air Force, U.S.:
Arctic Survival Manual,
75–78
and competition among military branches, 84
and Operation Bolero, 17, 22, 118
rescue missions flown by, 22–23, 84, 187
and Short Snorters, 107–8
Snowball Route of, 17
Air Greenland, 246, 268, 273, 280, 302, 313
airmail delivery, 117
Air Transport Command, 33, 174, 204, 321
Aklak
(converted fishing boat), 126
Amundsen, Roald, 116, 207
Ancient Order of the Pterodactyl, 95, 96, 98
Anderson, Norman, 210
Anoretok Fjord, 84
Antarctica, 11
first flight over South Pole, 117
lost navy plane in, 94, 101–2
Arctic conditions,
see
Greenland
Arctic Survival Manual
(Army Air Force), 75–78
Arlington National Cemetery, 96
Army, U.S.:
Air Forces of,
see
Air Force, U.S.
bases on Greenland, 16–17, 112, 114, 118
and competition among military branches, 84, 209
C rations, 121
CRREL radar team, 201, 202, 242, 243, 251
Field Ration D, 62–63, 121
K rations, 62
press releases of, 318
and rescue missions, 187
Sixth Army Group, 209
Arnold, Henry Harley “Hap,” 118, 231, 318
Atlantic Fleet, and rescue missions, 187
aurora borealis, 185, 278
B-17 PN9E bomber crew, 33,
34
calendar devised by, 104–5
communications from, 1–2, 37, 57, 61–62, 111–12, 114, 115, 120, 127, 129, 135
crash of, xi, 1, 53–57, 129, 153
crash site of, 3, 57, 64, 66,
70
, 119–20,
193
and damage to plane, 54–55, 57, 60, 73, 109, 111, 112, 119, 172
Duck rescue missions of, xi, 3–4, 6, 91, 129, 145–47, 149
duration of ordeal, 297
flying in milk, 37–39, 48, 50–51, 56
food and supplies for, 62–63, 113, 114–15, 120–22, 135, 173–74, 186, 210–16, 259, 261
and frostbite, 63, 74–76
and landings and takeoffs on ice cap, 136–40, 288–89
Legion of Merit awarded to, 320
locating, 119–20
“The Long Wait,” xii
media stories about, 317–21
and Norden Bombsight, 142, 266
and
Northland,
see
Northland
official records of crash, 194, 195, 277, 316
prayers of, 65, 74, 106, 175, 230, 260–61
and radio transmitters, 57, 61–62, 65, 109–13, 121, 122, 216, 236
rescue missions for, 119–23, 125–30, 136–42, 152, 174, 182, 186–88, 204–6, 231–35, 261, 264–66, 289–97, 315
and search for C-53, 34–36, 65
search for their downed plane, 64–65, 84, 90–91
self-rescue attempt by, 174–80
and Short Snorters, 107–8, 115, 142
Spencer’s fall in crevasse, 68–73,
70
, 90
and survival, 1, 3, 56–64, 65–67, 73–77, 104–7, 110, 114–15, 122, 143–45, 168–80, 186, 188, 216, 229–31, 235–40
weather preventing supply drops to, 104–5, 187–88, 213, 237
B-17s:
B-17F, 31–33,
31
Bombardier’s Code of Honor, 32
crashes of, 17
emergency radios in, 26
Lost Squadron,
see
Lost Squadron
My Gal Sal,
118, 207, 215
Norden Bombsights on, 32, 142, 265–6
PN9E,
see
B-17 PN9E bomber crew
search missions of, 22, 23, 65
in World War II, 30–32
B-25 Mitchell bombers, 22
Baker, Joan, 162
Balchen, Bernt, 115–23,
116
, 124,
263
, 337
and Byrd, 116–17
death of, 330
Distinguished Flying Cross awarded to, 329
and dogsled trek, 291, 293
and Duck location (map), 153,
154
, 159, 191–92,
192
, 194, 249–50, 276, 282
early years of, 116–18
as “The Last Viking,” 115
in later years, 329–30
and PN9E cargo drops, 120–22, 135, 136, 138
and PN9E communication, 121, 122
and PN9E location, 119–20, 129, 136, 176
and PN9E rescue plans, 206–10, 214–17, 231–35, 261, 287–92, 294, 295
and rescue missions, 117, 118, 186, 209, 261, 289–96
Soldier’s Medal awarded to, 118
Barkley-Grow T8P-1 ski-plane, 204, 205
Battle of the Atlantic, 208
Beach Head Station,
183
Demorest as commander of, 122
dogsled mission from, 206
dogsled trek to, 291, 293
Fuller and crew remaining in, 182–83
and McDowell’s C-53, 23
and PN9E crash site, 123, 127
and PN9E rescue mission, 122, 124
supply drops to, 211–12
Beechcraft AT-7, 210, 295
Behar, Alberto, 224, 300,
335
, 341
and equipment, 244, 254, 268, 269, 270,
272
, 273, 308, 312
Bennet, Aaron, 190–91, 199, 341
Bertil, Prince (Sweden), 108
Best, Alfred “Clint,” 170,
170
, 171, 337
and crash, 53–54
death of, 326
and depression, 240–41, 257–60
in later years, 297–98, 325–26
at Motorsled Camp, 285, 287
and rescue, 139, 148, 239, 264–66, 284–85, 289–90, 297
safe arrival of, 297
and search for C-53, 35–36
and survival, 59, 155, 168, 176, 180, 186, 211, 229–31, 235–40, 257–60, 297–98
Blow, James “Jim,”
200
,
335
, 341–42
Coast Guard career of, 200–201
commitment to Duck Hunt, xii, 46–47, 158–59, 189, 196–97, 199–202, 228
and demobilization, 300, 301, 313–14
and discovery, 317
on Duck Hunt mission, 227,
227
, 242, 246, 249–50, 254, 255, 267, 269, 275–77, 282, 304
and funding, 161, 201–2
future plans of, 334
and Hotsy move, 305, 306, 308, 310
and melting at BW-1,
312
, 313
“Operation Duck Hunt 2012” report by, 201
and radar, 243–44
and research, 98, 202
Bluie East Two, 17, 84
rescue missions from, 232, 235, 261, 287–96
safe arrival at, 297
supply drops from, 211–12
Turner and crew relocated to, 184, 210–11
Wade and Moe returned to, 205
Bluie West Eight, 17, 23, 115
Balchen as commander of, 118
radio contact with PN9E, 122
rescue missions from, 118, 136, 186–88
Bluie West One, 17, 19, 21, 56
and BW-1 report, 277
communications from PN9E to, 112–13, 180
search planes from, 51, 64–65
weather preventing missions from, 105, 114, 187–88, 213
Bombardier’s Code of Honor, 32
Bottoms, Benjamin A.,
8
,
134
, 337
death officially declared, 155
and Demorest’s fall in crevasse, 148, 149
Distinguished Flying Cross awarded to, 155–56
and Douglas Dolphin, 134
and Duck crash, 150–53
as Duck radioman, 3, 133, 134,
135
memorials to,
327
, 333
missing in action, 46, 96, 151, 153, 175, 178, 182, 198, 220, 283, 297, 322
next of kin, 164–66
and PN9E rescue mission, 3–4, 6–8, 129, 135–41, 142, 145–46, 156, 315
and recovery, 317, 334
Bottoms, Olga Rogers, 133, 165
Boy Scouts of America, 321, 323
Bradley, John, 223, 252,
335
, 342
and GPS, 251, 269, 278
and nighttime glacier hike, 277–78
and points of interest, 268, 273, 278–79, 282, 301, 311
roles of, 224, 251, 308
Bratton, Nicholas “Nick,” 223,
335
, 342
and Duck Hunt, 224, 226, 241, 268, 270, 273, 311
and Hotsy move, 305, 308
Brehme, Carl, 210, 288
Brinsko, Michelle, 300, 301,
335
, 342
and base camp, 247
and nighttime glacier hike, 277–78
roles of, 223, 224, 306, 308
Britain:
U.S. Air Force in, 17
and World War II, 14, 16, 17
Byrd, Richard E., 100, 116–17, 262, 330
C-47 Skytrains, search missions of, 23, 65
C-53s, search missions of, 22, 23
C-53 Skytrooper, 19–24,
20
communications from, 22, 23, 25, 26, 27, 57, 105
crash of, xi, 21, 22, 35, 153
crew members of, 21, 28, 297
and hypothermia, 28
loss of, 28–29, 114, 144, 154–55, 182
Lou’s permit to search for, 197
Lou’s quest to search for, 43–44, 94, 335
as modified DC-3, 20
official declaration of deaths, 155
PN9E’s search for, 33–37, 65
search abandoned for, 122, 123
search missions for, 22–23, 25–28, 33–35, 48, 56, 58, 64–65, 84, 90–91, 105, 122, 123
takeoff and flight plan, 19–20
C-54 Skymaster, and Balchen’s rescue mission, 119–23, 135
C-130 Hercules transport plane, 46, 93, 190, 196–97, 199, 218, 227, 228, 244, 246, 303
Canada, Little Norway in, 117
Canadian bomber, 79–90, 129
bombsight destroyed, 82
crash landing of, 78, 80, 153
crew of, 79, 142
ferrying mission of, 79
and hypothermia, 88–89
and
Lost in the Arctic,
89
and
Northland,
85–90,
86
, 124
rescue of crew, 83–90,
89
, 91, 114, 127, 142
survival of crew, 80–85, 89–90
travel with dinghy, 82–86
Capa, Cornell, 99
Carlson, William S., 25
Christian, Patrick, 45
Churchill, Winston, 108, 145
Coast Guard, U.S.:
and Arlington National Cemetery, 96
Aviation Memorial, 333
budget of, 93, 201–2
and competition among military branches, 84, 209
contract with North South Polar, 199, 202, 277
creed of, 127, 129
and demobilization order, 299, 314
and Duck crash, 152–53
and Duck Hunt, 46–47, 92–93, 102–3, 158, 189–90, 195, 196–97, 198, 199, 201–2, 225, 277
Duck Hunt team members, 227–28
and Duck search (1975), 97
and
Eagle,
95
Greenland Patrol of, 16, 23, 66
and International Ice Patrol, 16
and Ivigtut mine, 15, 16
missing personnel of, 46, 93, 96, 103, 154, 164
and
Northland,
2, 84, 90–91, 333
Office of Aviation Forces, 46, 227
ownership of downed planes and shipwrecks, 160
radar data collected by, 194, 242–43
and recovery plans, 334
rescue work of, 2–4, 8, 46, 90–91, 127, 183
roles of, 93
“Semper Paratus,” 46
souvenirs on eBay, 96, 97
travel to base camp, 246–49
World War II history by, 15
and World War II jurisdiction, 93
Coast Guard Aviation Association, 95
Coleman, Ralph, 211
Collins, Thomas, 96
Columbus, Christopher, 10
Comanche Bay:
and Duck crash site, 192
and Duck Hunt, 249, 250
Northland
in, 2, 123–24, 125–30, 135, 140, 150, 151, 181, 188
and PN9E crash site, 3, 123
Congress, U.S., and Title 10/Missing Persons Act, 162
Consolidated Aircraft Corporation, 207
Crea, Vivien, 98
CReSIS (Center for Remote Sensing of Ice Sheets), 194
CRREL (Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory), U.S. Army, 201, 202, 242, 243, 251
cryolite, 14–16
Deer, Joe, 98, 342
Defense Department, U.S.:
budget of, 93, 161
and Coast Guard, 93
congressional mandate to, 162
Prisoner of War/Missing Personnel Office,
see
DPMO
recovery of personnel and equipment, 93, 161–62
Demorest, Max, 24–27,
24
, 337
and Beach Head Station, 122
death officially declared, 155
fall in crevasse, 147–50, 151, 152, 168, 178, 315
missing in action, 175, 297, 322
and motorsled rescue mission, 123–24, 127, 136, 138, 141, 143–45, 146–47
and PN9E rescue mission, 122
search for McDowell’s C-53, 25–27
tributes to, 330–31
Demorest, Rebecca, 330
Denmark:
government-in-exile, 16
and Greenland, 13–14
and World War II, 14–15, 16
Devers, Jacob, 209
Disco, Jetta, 227, 246, 274, 305,
335
, 342
dogsled teams, 123,
183
, 186–88
at Motorsled Camp, 286–87
and PBY rescue missions, 215, 261, 264, 265, 284–86,
292
trek to the coast, 291, 293
Dolleman, Hendrik “Dutch,” 215, 261,
263
,
288
, 337–38
background of, 262
and dogsled trek to the coast, 291, 293
and rescue mission, 265, 285, 286–87, 289, 291
Dorian, Charles, 87, 338
Douglas A-20,
see
Canadian bomber
DPMO:
congressional mandate to, 162
and Duck Hunt, 43–45, 160
and JPAC, 102, 277
meetings with Lou, 41–47, 92–95, 158–63
mission of, 41, 45, 94, 162, 164
more than 83,000 lost military personnel on record, 44, 46
ratio of cost to recovery, 45, 161
ten servicemen lost in Greenland, 44
Drisko, Donald, 182
Duck Hunt:
author’s plans to go to Greenland, 195–96
base camp (2012), 246–49,
248
, 267–69
Coast Guard support of,
see
Coast Guard, U.S.