Frozen in Time (38 page)

costs of, 45, 94, 201–2

demobilization order, 299–306, 313–14

discovery, 315–17

and Duck location, 191–95,
192
,
193
, 199

equipment gathered for, 218–20,
220
, 225, 244, 303

Essex One, 244, 251, 252, 255, 268, 270, 276

Essex Three, 244, 250, 276

Essex Two, 244, 251, 252, 255, 268, 270, 276

funding sought for, 45–46, 95, 160–63, 190–91, 195, 197, 199

and Hotsy, 221–22, 224, 255, 273–75, 280, 302–11,
309
,
312
, 314, 316

and King, 96–98

and Lou,
see
Sapienza, Lou

meetings with military brass to authorize, 41–47, 92–95, 158–63

mission plan for, xii, 160, 198, 244–45

“Mule Team” effort, 310–11

plans moving forward, 196–99, 218–28

Point BW-1, 277, 278–82,
281
, 299, 303–4, 310, 311–14,
312

Point JPAC, 277, 278, 282

Point K, 244, 251, 252, 268, 276

Points A and B, 244, 251, 268, 270, 272, 273, 275, 276

Points N and O, 245, 268, 270, 273, 276, 277, 278, 282

“points of interest” (POIs), 199, 202, 244–45, 251–56, 267–73, 275–77, 278–82

research for, 94, 194–95, 202, 242, 243

and safety issues, 270–71, 310–11

and Shackleton’s whiskey, 202–3, 283

team members, 221–24, 226, 227–28,
335

Dumbo,
see
PBY

Dunlop, Bernard “Barney,”
288
, 338

death of, 328

Distinguished Flying Cross awarded to, 328

and PBY rescue missions, 215, 216, 232–35, 261, 263–64, 284, 289–96

Dutch New Guinea, rescue mission in, 187

Eagle
(three-masted cutter), 95

Earhart, Amelia, 117

Egede, Hans, 13

Eisenhower, Dwight D., 108

Ellsworth, Lincoln, 117, 207

Emerson, Mike, 98

Encounters with Wildlife in Greenland,
197–98

Erickson, Frank, 96

Eriksson, Leif, 10

Erik the Red, 9–10, 13, 17

Eskimos,
see
Inuit people

Essex overflight (2008), 243

Everett, William, 21, 28, 29, 155, 178, 338

Fallen American Veterans Foundation, 43, 94, 197

Fennie, Joan, 66

Finnish Air Force, 117

Flying Fortress,
see
B-17

frostbite, 63, 74–76, 144

Fuller, Richard, 338

at Beach Head Station, 182–83

and Canadian airmen rescue,
89

Navy and Marine Corps Medal awarded to, 183

Gandhi, Mohandas K. (Mahatma), 81

gangrene:

dry vs. wet, 76

and loss of limbs, 142

and O’Hara, 76, 122, 127, 135, 144, 169

Garr, Bruno, 211

Geological Society of America, 25

George I
(navy plane), 94, 101–2

Germany, and World War II, 14–16

Gibson, Charles, 61

“Gibson Girl” transmitter/kite, 61–62, 65, 66, 109–11

Glacier Girl,
18, 101,
102
, 160, 221, 274

“Glacier Worms,” 173

Goodlet, David, 338

and crash landing, 80

on
Northland,
124

as pilot, 79–80

rescue of, 83–90,
89
, 114, 127

and survival, 80–84, 89–90

traveling with dinghy, 82–86

Green, Harold, 182

Greenland, 9–15

air crashes in, 17–18, 40, 51, 118, 153–55, 318

beauty of, 34

climate of, 12–13, 45, 63, 124, 187–88, 211, 231, 237

coastline of, 12

as code “Bluie,” 16, 112

cold in, 63

crash sites (map),
xv

crevasses in, 57, 67, 69,
70
, 73, 111, 127, 147, 285

December solstice in, 105

and Denmark, 13–14

Encounters with Wildlife,
197–98

fjords of, 35

flying in milk over, 37–39, 48, 50–52, 56, 150, 302

foehn
(warm wind), 82–83

glaciers on, 11–12, 94, 193, 253,
253

hypothermia in, 28, 88–89, 101, 139, 185

Ivigtut mine, 14–16,
15

landing and takeoffs on ice cap, 129, 136–40, 206–7, 232–35, 289–93

Lou’s 2010 survey in, 194, 225

map,
xiv

melting ice cap of, 97–98

military investigations in, 206

military rescues in, 21, 187

military secrets in, 188, 318

permits to search in, 45, 97, 197

pilot challenges in, 119

population of, 11

sastrugi
(snow waves) in, 57, 127

settlement of, 9–10, 13, 17

size of, 11

snow buildup in, 94–95, 193, 316

Spencer’s return to, 322,
323

survival in, 57, 124

trade with Europe, 10, 13

U.S. air bases in, 16–17, 112, 114, 118

weather stations for, 14

in World War II, 14–18, 40

Greenland Cooperative Salvage Company, 118

Greenland Patrol, 2, 16, 23, 66, 123, 126, 130, 151, 332

Grumman Duck,
2
, 4–6,
5
,
128
,
135

all aboard officially declared dead, 155, 178

and Canadian airmen, 84, 86

characteristics of, 4–5

conflicting historical records of, 194–95

crash of, 150–53, 156, 165, 182, 249, 316

discovery of, 315–17, 334

Essex overflight (2008), 243

as “flying boat,” 3

flying in milk, 150

and Greenland Patrol, 16

landings and takeoffs on ice cap, 129, 136–40, 149, 208, 291

location of, 152, 153,
154
, 159, 183, 191–95,
192
,
193
, 199, 249–51, 282–83

Lou’s quest to search for, 40, 43–44, 47

model J2F-4, serial V1640, 4, 43, 96

as overseas military gravesite, 97

and PN9E rescue missions, xi, 3–4, 6, 91, 129, 145–47, 149

possible movement of, 193, 194, 282

Pritchard as pilot of, 3, 7, 96, 133,
135
, 140, 146, 149, 156, 249, 250, 316

production of, 97

search (1975) for, 97

search (2012) for,
see
Duck Hunt

on takeoff, 6–8

and wreck hunters, 97–98

Gulf of Mexico, search and rescue in, 201

Gustafsson, Jaana, 308, 311, 313,
335
, 342

and BW-1 location, 278–82,
281
, 301, 304, 311–12, 313, 334

and ground-penetrating radar, 222, 224, 244–45, 251–54,
253
, 268–69,
271
, 272–73, 278–82, 299

and JPAC location, 277

and nighttime glacier hike, 277

Harman, Kenneth “Doc,”
335
, 342

on Duck Hunt mission, 227–28, 247, 269, 307, 311

and Hotsy move, 307, 308, 310

and melting at BW-1,
312
, 313

Healey, Joseph, 215,
263
,
288
, 338

background of, 262

and rescue mission, 261, 265, 285–87, 289, 291

and sled dogs, 284, 286, 291, 293

Hearn, Gerard, 182

Henderson, Frank, 338

Hitler, Adolf, 16

Howarth, Irene, 109, 166–67

Howarth, Jerry, 166–67, 342

Howarth, Loren “Lolly,”
62
, 338

death officially declared, 155

and Demorest’s fall in crevasse, 148–49, 315

and Duck crash, 150, 152, 166, 316

early years of, 109

Legion of Merit awarded to, 156, 166

missing in action, 151, 153, 175, 178, 182, 198, 220, 283, 297, 322

next of kin, 166–67

obituary of, 332

and PN9E, 33,
34
, 37

and PN9E crash, 54, 57

and radio transmissions, 57, 61–62, 65, 66, 109–13, 120, 121, 122, 127, 135, 146

and recovery, 317, 334

and search for C-53, 37

hypothermia, 28, 88–89, 101, 139, 185

icebergs:

in shipping lanes, 16

and
Titanic,
16

Ice Cap Station:

crew moved to Beach Head, 182–83

and McDowell’s C-53, 23

and motorsled trek, 144

rescue missions from, 187

and self-rescue attempt, 175–76, 179

supply drops to, 211–12

Iditarod dogsled race, 101

Imperial Hotel (Motorsled Camp), 286–87,
288
, 290

International Ice Patrol, 16

Inuit people:

at Kulusuk, 245

settlers on Greenland, 10, 13

Wade and Moe rescued by, 205

Ivigtut mine, 14–16,
15

Johannessen, Thurman, 21, 28, 29, 155, 178, 339

Johansen, Johan, 123, 127, 182

Jolly Green Giant (helicopter), 96

JPAC (Joint POW/MIA Accounting Command), 102, 277, 278, 282, 334

Katz, Steve, 218–19,
335
, 343

and demobilization order, 299–301

and Duck Hunt, 223–24, 246, 255, 269, 273

and team effort, 310

Keflavík, Iceland, 244

King, Ernest J., 187

King, Thomas C. Jr., 95–98, 160, 343

Koge Bay:

and base camp, 246–48

at December solstice, 105

and Duck crash,
154
, 191, 228, 249

and Duck Hunt, 249, 251, 299

future plans for, 316

ice cap in, 50, 123, 127

and PN9E crash site, 57, 64, 66, 119, 120

PN9E search area (for C-53) in, 35, 36–37, 64

Krakauer, Jon, 41

Krause, Bill, 163, 226–27,
227

Krause, Nancy Pritchard Morgan, 130, 133, 163–64, 201, 226–27,
227
, 317, 335, 343

Kulusuk Airport, 245–46, 277, 302

Kurz, Herbert, 339

and Duck location (map), 152, 191–92,
193

and supply drops, 211

La Farge, Oliver, 319

Larsen, Harold, 215, 235, 294, 295, 338

Lindbergh, Charles and Anne, 14

Lisman, Terri,
335
, 343

on Duck Hunt mission, 228, 300, 308

and magnetometer, 254, 268,
272
, 273, 276, 280–82

Long, John, 98, 158, 166, 194, 343

Lost in the Arctic,
89

Lost Squadron, 18,
18
, 21, 100–101, 197, 221

and
Glacier Girl,
18, 101,
102
, 160, 221, 274

MALÅ Geoscience, 222

Manahan, Eugene, 21, 28, 29, 155, 178, 339

Maritime Central Airways, 204

Marley, Frank, 252,
335
, 343

and Duck Hunt, 198, 223, 244, 249, 268, 278–80, 300

and Hotsy move, 307, 308

and nighttime glacier hike, 277–78

and points of interest, 301, 311, 313

and safety team, 223, 224, 251

McDonough, James, 343

and Duck Hunt meeting, 158, 159–62, 189–90

at initial DPMO meeting, 44–46

McDowell, Eugenia, 29

McDowell, Homer Jr., 339

and C-53 Skytrooper, 19–29, 35, 153, 197;
see also
C-53 Skytrooper

death officially declared, 155

missing in action, 29, 178

MIA/POWs,
see
DPMO

Missing Persons Act (Title 10), 162

Moe, J. G., 204–6, 339

Monteverde, Armand, 48–49,
49
,
288
, 339, 340

and Best’s condition, 240–41, 257–60

and cargo drops, 120

and crash, 53–57, 248

and Demorest’s fall in crevasse, 148, 149

flying in milk, 37–39, 48, 50–51, 56

and leadership, 60, 62, 105, 109, 168

Legion of Merit awarded to, 320

media stories about, 317–21,
320

at Motorsled Camp, 285, 287

and O’Hara’s condition, 122

options of, 50–51, 53, 55–56

and pilot’s responsibilities, 56, 60, 138

and PN9E, 33,
34
, 36, 153

and prayer, 65, 106

promotion of, 288

and rescue missions, 136–39, 144–45, 146, 239, 264–66, 284–85, 289–90, 295

safe arrival of, 297

and search for C-53, 33–37, 48, 56

and Short Snorters, 107, 108

and Spencer’s fall in crevasse, 71, 72

and survival, 56–60, 62–63, 74–76, 90, 105–7, 113, 115, 123, 144–45, 155, 168, 175, 176, 180, 182, 186, 211, 229–31, 235–40, 257–61

Mopey (sled dog), 284

Morgan, Harry “Tick,” 133, 163

Motorsled Camp:

and communication systems, 216–17

digging in, 180, 212

and PBY rescue mission, 263–66, 284–87

renamed Imperial Hotel, 286–87,
288
, 290

rescue missions planned for, 204–6, 261, 287

and self-rescue attempt, 175–80

supply drops to, 184–85, 208, 211–12, 213–14

and survival, 231

mummification, 76

My Gal Sal,
118, 207, 215

Nansen, Fridtjof, 13

NASA survey flights, 94, 194

Nash, Al, 339

and crash landing, 80

and ferrying mission, 79

on
Northland,
124

rescue of, 83–90,
89
, 114, 127

and survival, 80–84, 89–90

traveling with dinghy, 82–86

National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, 228

Navy, U.S.:

and Coast Guard, 93

and lost
George I
plane, 94, 101–2

Navy and Marine Corps Medal, 90

radar data of, 194

and rescue missions, 187, 209

Norden Bombsight, 32, 82, 142, 172, 188, 266

Nordic Postal Union, 117

Northland,
2
,
86

at Anoretok Fjord, 84

in Comanche Bay, 2, 123–24, 125–30, 135, 140, 150, 151, 181, 188

and Demorest’s fall in crevasse, 148, 149, 151

and Greenland Patrol, 2, 16, 123

Grumman Duck of,
2
, 3, 16, 84, 86,
128
, 141, 150–53;
see also
Grumman Duck