Heart: An American Medical Odyssey (47 page)

“The opinions concerning’:
Igor E. Konstantinov, “Vasilii I. Kolesov: A Surgeon to Remember,”
Texas Heart Institute Journal
2004;31:349–358.

its peak of 190,000:
Chad T. Wilson, Elliott S. Fisher, H. Gilbert Welch, Andrea E. Siewers, et al., “U.S. Trends in CABG Hospital Volume: The Effect of Adding Cardiac Surgery Programs,”
Health Affairs
2007;26:162–168.

“I felt that was good enough for me’:
Lawrence K. Altman, “The Medical Histories: Doctors Say Republican Candidates Are in Good Health,”
New York Times,
November 2, 2000.

“normal cardiac function’:
Steve Sternberg, “Cheney’s Heath Not an Issue, Doctors Say,”
USA Today
, July 25, 2000.

“Mr. Cheney’s statistical chances’:
Altman, “The Medical Histories.”

“he’s golden’:
Sternberg, “Cheney’s Heath Not an Issue, Doctors Say.”

“it’s a disease you control, not cure’:
Susan Ferraro, “W.’s Pick May Have Heart for Campaign,”
New York Daily News,
July 25, 2000.

Federal aviation regulations:
“Licenses and Certificates: Coronary Artery Disease,” August 8, 2011,
http://www.faa.gov/licenses_certificates/medical_certification/specialissuance/coronary/
.

On March 4, 1841, William Henry Harrison:
http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/presidents/williamhenryharrison
.

“The Senator does not now’:
Robert A. Caro,
The Passage of Power: The Years of Lyndon Johnson
(New York: Knopf, 2012), 97.

Senator Kennedy told the historian Arthur Schlesinger:
Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr.,
Journals, 1952
–
2000
(New York: Penguin, 2007), 58.

The candidate was, in fact, taking cortisone:
Lee R. Mandel, “Endocrine and Autoimmune Aspects of the Health History of John F. Kennedy,”
Annals of Internal Medicine
2009;151:350–354.

no gross evidence of adrenal tissue:
George D. Lundberg, “Closing the Case in
JAMA
on the John F. Kennedy Autopsy,”
Journal of the American Medical Association
1992;268:1737.

“it expresses its consent and endorsement’:
Herbert L. Adams, “Presidential Health and the Public Interest: The Campaign of 1992,”
Political Psychology
1995;16:795–820.

Lawrence Altman, now a senior scholar:
“Lawrence K. Altman,”
http://www.wilson center.org/staff/lawrence-k-altman
.

Dr. Howard Bruenn, a cardiologist:
Howard G. Bruenn, “Clinical Notes on the Illness and Death of President Franklin D. Roosevelt,”
Annals of Internal Medicine
1970;72:580.

“When we got through’:
John H. Crider, “President’s Health Satisfactory; Unique Report Made by McIntre,”
New York Times,
April 5, 1944.

“On Saturday, July 8’:
http://www.boston.com/news/local/breaking_news/Lahey%20–%20FDR%20Memorandum.pdf
.

poor outcomes that sometimes ensue:
Walter Weintraub, “ ‘The VIP Syndrome’: A Clinical Study in Hospital Psychiatry,”
Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease
1964;138:181.

In November 1976:
Spencer B. King III, “Angioplasty from Bench to Bedside,”
Circulation
1996;93:1621–1629, doi: 10.1161/ 01.CIR.93.9.1621.

Gruentzig had to develop all the components:
David Monagan,
Journey into the Heart
(New York: Gotham Books, 2007), 93–94.

“this will never work’:
King, “Angioplasty from Bench to Bedside,” 1621–1629.

Dr. Elias Hanna, a cardiac surgeon:
Monagan,
Journey into the Heart
, 122.

“Early in the afternoon’:
King, “Angioplasty from Bench to Bedside,” 1621–1629.

Dr. Andrea Gruentzig and his wife:
Monagan,
Journey into the Heart
, 277–284.

Exactly ten years:
King, “Angioplasty from Bench to Bedside,” 1621–1629.

In February 1978:
“An Expert Interview with Dr. Julio Palmaz: Part I—Serendipity and the Stent,”
http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/474644
.

Dr. Palmaz spent years:
Gernot H. Geisinger,
Materials and Innovative Product Development: Using Common Sense
(Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2009), 213.

“It was total serendipity’:
“An Expert Interview with Dr. Julio Palmaz.”

Palmaz met Dr. Richard Schatz:
Shawn Tully, “Blood Feud,”
Fortune,
May 31, 2004,
http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/2004/05/31/370693/
.

“expandable intraluminal vascular graft’:
http://www.google.com/patents/US4733665

Cardiologists enthusiastically embraced:
Eric D. Peterson, Alexandra J. Lansky, Kevin J. Anstrom, Lawrence H. Muhlbaier, et al., “Evolving Trends in Interventional Device Use and Outcomes: Results from the National Cardiovascular Network Database,”
American Heart Journal
2000;139:198–207.

In 2009, there were almost:
David I. Auerbach, Jared Lane Maeda, and Claudia Steiner, “Hospital Stays with Cardiac Stents, 2009,” Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, April 2012,
http://www.hcup-us.ahrq.gov/reports/statbriefs/sb128.jsp
.

“The first value was obtained’:
“The American Presidency Project. George Washington U. Doctors Brief Media on Richard B. Cheney’s Condition,” November 22, 2000,
http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/showflorida2000php?fileid=cheneyheartattack11–22
.

“We have biochemical markers’:
Ibid.

in an editorial a few days after:
“Mr. Cheney’s Heart Attack,”
New York Times,
November 25, 2000.

Despite the tumult in the press:
Ron Winslow and Laurie McGinley, “Uncertainty Is Common in Cardiac Cases Like Cheney’s,”
Wall Street Journal,
December 20, 2000.

During the press conference:
http://www.c-spanvideo.org/program/162999–1
.

The
Los Angeles Times
published an editorial:
“Cheney’s Dilemma,”
Los Angeles Times,
March 6, 2001.

US News & World Report
speculated:
“A Matter of Heart at the Center of Power,”
US News & World Report,
March 19, 2001.

Arianna Huffington wasn’t just:
“Dick Cheney’s Suicide Mission,” March 7, 2001,
http://ariannaonline.huffingtonpost.com/columns/printer_friendly.php?id=200
.

Mordechai Friedman, a Polish Jew:
John A. Kastor,
You and Your Arrhythmia: A Guide to Heart Rhythm Problems for Patients and Their Families
(Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett, 2006), 109.

Of the 3.3 million Jews:
“The Fate of the Jews across Europe: Murder of the Jews of Poland,”
http://www.yadvashem.org/yv/en/holocaust/about/09/poland.asp
.

After the war:
“Dr. Michel Mirowski Is Dead at Age of 65; Made Heart Implant,”
New York Times,
March 28, 1990.

“In 1966, my old boss’:
Kastor,
You and Your Arrhythmia,
120.

“I talked to some cardiologists’:
Kastor,
You and Your Arrhythmia,
121.

“The initial goal set’:
Morton M. Mower, “Building the AICD with Michel Mirowski,”
PACE
1991;14:928.

“More memorable for me’:
M. S. Heilman, “Collaboration with Michel Mirowski on the Development of the AICD,”
PACE
1991;14:910.

“Experience teaches’:
Bernard Lown and Paul Axelrod, “Implanted Standby Defibrillators,”
Circulation
1972;46:637–639.

“The author’s overcautious and negative attitude’:
M. Mirowski, Morton M. Mower, and Albert I. Mendeloff, “Letter to the Editor,”
Circulation
1973;47:1135.

“a graphic illustration’:
“Heart Machine Sets a New Pace against Disease,”
New Scientist,
August 14, 1980, 509.

published in the
New England Journal of Medicine:
M. Mirowski, Philip R. Reid, Morton M. Mower, Levi Watkins, et al., “Termination of Malignant Ventricular Arrhythmias with an Implanted Automatic Defibrillator in Human Beings,”
New England Journal of Medicine
1980;303:322–324.

“Although considerable additional work’:
James T. Willerson, “Prevention and Control of Ventricular Arrhythmias,”
New England Journal of Medicine
1980;303:332–334.

“The electrophysiology study scheduled’:
http://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2001/06/20010629–2.html
.

“an apolitical, professionally focused’:
Ludwig M. Deppisch,
The White House Physician: A History from Washington to George W. Bush
(Jefferson: McFarland & Company, 2007), 150.

“Well, no, I’ve—it’s obviously a question’:
“Excerpts from Cheney Health Remarks,” June 30, 2001,
http://www.nytimes.com/2001/06/30/us/excerpts-from-cheney-health-remarks.html?pagewanted=2
.

It has been estimated:
Saskia Kulpers, Suzanne C. Cannegeiter, Saskai Middeldorp,
Luc Robyn, et al., “The Absolute Risk of Venous Thrombosis after Air Travel: A Cohort Study of 8,755 Employees of International Organisations,”
PLoS Medicine
2007;4:e290.

a computer hacker disclosed:
Darren Pauli, “Hacked Terminals Capable of Causing Pacemaker Deaths,”
SC Magazine,
October 17, 2012,
http://www.scmagazine.com.au/News/319508,hacked-terminals-capable-of-causing-pacemaker-mass-murder.aspx
.

exactly the way the fictional terrorist:
“The Terrorist Hack That Shocked America—and Why It Matters,”
CNBC,
December 12, 2012,
http://www.cnbc.com/id/100306578
.

President Bush later made a public service announcement:
“A Message from George Bush,”
http://www.strokeheart.org/CYPA/bush.html
.

Cardiac imaging with sound waves:
Harvey Feigenbaum, “Evolution of Echocardiography,”
Circulation
1996;93:1321.

First used in 1953 to examine cardiac structures:
Siddarth Singh and Abha Goyal, “The Origin of Echocardiography: A Tribute to Inge Edler,”
Texas Heart Institute Journal
2007;34:431.

afflicting 350,000 Americans each year:
“Sudden Cardiac Arrest: A Healthcare Crisis,”
http://www.sca-aware.org/about-sca
.

The medical community has long understood:
Jonathan S. Reiner, Allen J. Solomon, and Richard J. Katz, “Shock and Law,”
Circulation
2011;124:1391–1394.

the adhesive electrode:
“R. Lee Heath: The Inventor of Hands Free Cardiac Defibrillation and Pacing Pads,”
http://www.defib.us.com
.

In 1994, the American Heart Association:
Myron L. Weisfeldt, Richard E. Kerber, R. Pat McGoldrick, Arthur J. Moss, et al., “Public Access Defibrillation: A Statement for Healthcare Professionals from the American Heart Association Task Force on Automatic External Defibrillation,”
Circulation
1995;92:2763.

The gaming industry:
Terence D. Valenzuela, Denise J. Roe, Graham Nichol, et al., “Outcomes of Rapid Defibrillation by Security Officers after Cardiac Arrest in Casinos,”
New England Journal of Medicine
2000;343:1206–1209.

A bill before the 113th Congress:
H.R. 2135: Cardiac Arrest Survival Act of 2013. To Amend the Public Health Service Act to Clarify Liability Protections regarding Emergency Use of Automated External Defibrillators.

“The New Treatment Cheney Did Not Get’:
Lawrence K. Altman, “The New Treatment Cheney Did Not Get,”
New York Times,
March 13, 2001.

The Egyptians introduced the technique:
Gilbert R. Seigworth, “Bloodletting over the Centuries,”
http://www.pbs.org/wnet/redgold/basics/bloodlettinghistory.html
.

George Washington became ill:
Herbert Mitgang, “Death of a President: A 200-Year-Old Malpractice Debate,”
New York Times,
December 14, 1999,
http://www.nytimes.com/1999/12/14/health/death-of-a-president-a-200-year-old-malpractice-debate.html
.

Giorgio Baglivi, a seventeenth-century:
W. Bruce Fye, “Giogrio Baglivi,”
Clinical Cardiology
2002;25:488.

the federal government began funding a program:
David K. C. Cooper,
Open Heart: The Radical Surgeons Who Revolutionized Medicine
(New York: Kaplan, 2010), 363.

Dr. DeBakey developed surgical techniques:
Lawrence K. Altman, “Michael DeBakey, Rebuilder of Hearts, Dies at 99,”
New York Times,
July 13, 2008,
http://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/13/health/13debakey.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0
.