Hugo! (75 page)

Associated Press, February 28, 1989.

119
die from starvation
Harold Olmos, "Lines Form at Food Stores."

119
rifles, pistols, and machetes
Harold Olmos, "Continent in Crisis:
Venezuela — Fabulously Rich, Desperately Poor," Associated Press,
May 10, 1989.

119
caviar, lobster, and salmon
Ibid.; Don A. Schanche, "Venezuela
Riots Not Political, Pérez Says,"
Los Angeles Times
, March 4, 1989.

120
capitalist dream for free
Author's interview, Xiomara Tortoza, April
30, 2006.

122
He was dead
Author's interview, Iris Medina, April 4, 2006.

122
top of his head was blown off
Author's interview, Roy Carson, June
23, 2006.

122
the contagious disease
Agustín Blanco Muñoz,
Habla El
Comandante
, page 182.

123
perverse from every point of view
ángela Zago,
La Rebelión de Los
Angeles
, page 89.

123
unless we are attacked
Ibid.

123
twenty-nine hundred nationwide
Coronil,
Magical State
, page 376;
Hellinger,
Venezuela: Tarnished Democracy
, page 3.

123
$1.5 billion in losses to businesses
Hellinger,
Venezuela: Tarnished
Democracy
, page 3.

123
dead in Caracas
Julie Skurski, "Bloody Riots Hit Caracas" and "The
Streets Are Quiet but the Crisis Goes On," in
The Guardian
(New
York), March 16 and April 5, 1989.

123
"Yesterday, Caracas was Beirut"
Fabricio Ojeda, "Beirut en
Caracas,"
El Nacional
, March 1, 1989.

125
one foreign economist observed
Don A. Schanche, "Venezuela Riots
Not Political, Pérez Says,"
Los Angeles Times
, March 4, 1989.

125
the misery of the masses
Harold Olmos, "Continent in Crisis:
Venezuela — Fabulously Rich, Desperately Poor," Associated Press,
May 10, 1989.

125
nearly seven years later
Bart Jones, "He Once Tried to Overthrow
Government; Now He's Running for Office," Associated Press,
October 20, 1995.

126
turn them over to the DISIP political police
Aleida Guevara,
Chávez,
Un Hombre Que Anda Por Ahí
, pages 34-35.

126
not cut out to be in this army
Ibid., page 35.

126
not prepared to go on killing people
Agustín Blanco Muñoz,
Habla
El Comandante
, page 183.

126
Here there was never democracy
Guevara,
Chávez
, page 35.

126
and popular movements
Marta Harnecker,
Understanding the
Venezuelan Revolution: Hugo Chávez Talks to Marta Harnecker
(New
York: Monthly Review Press, 2005), page 32.

127
gunfire erupted
Anthony Caplan, "Dozens Dead in Caracas Riots,"
Associated Press, February 28, 1989.

127
sparked the riots
Don A. Schanche, "Despite Riots, Venezuela Will
Stress Austerity,"
Los Angeles Times
, March 3, 1989.

128
They didn't kill you, compadre
Rosa Miriam Elizalde and Luis Báez,
Chávez Nuestro
, pages 281-284.

128
sick government and society
Blanco Muñoz,
Habla El Comandante
,
page 183.

128
More than a few died
James Brooke, "Caracas Journal: Venezuela's
Two-Faced Boom, Riches and Riots,"
The New York Times
, January 21,
1992.

129
delivering information to him
Author's interview, Carlos Julio
Peñaloza Zambrano, May 3, 2006.

129
according to Peñaloza
Author's interview, Carlos Julio Peñaloza
Zambrano, April 29, 2006.

130
posted in the mid-1980s
Blanco Muñoz,
Habla El Comandante
,
page 236.

130
They had tricked us
Author's interview, Fernando Ochoa Antich,
November 24, 2005.

130
have the military force in hand
Blanco Muñoz,
Habla El
Comandante
, page 467.

130
Plan Ezequiel Zamora
Ibid., page 131.

131
dissuade the rebels
Author's interview, Mario Ivan Carratú,
December 1, 2005.

132
Arias went anyway
Eleazar Díaz Rangel,
Todo Chávez
, page 81.

132
flirted with killing Chávez
Agustín Blanco Muñoz,
Habla Herma
Marksman: Chávez Me Utilizó
, pages 104-106, 152-161; Blanco
Muñoz,
Habla El Comandante
, page 134; Augustín Blanco Muñoz,
La
Maisantera Chávez, Habla Luis Valderrama,
pages 171, 173-174, 181.

132
Chávez told an interviewer
Blanco Muñoz,
Habla El Comandante
,
page 138.

132
threatened to create a rupture
Ibid., page 133.

133
a hot dog vendor in Caracas told one reporter
John R. Engen,
"Venezuela on Edge Amid Fresh Round of Protests and Violence,"

Associated Press, December 4, 1991.

133
to even mention the word
Ibid.

133
late January and early February
Díaz Rangel,
Todo Chávez
, page 86.

134
General Francisco Visconti Osorio
Blanco Muñoz,
Habla El
Comandante
, page 135.

134
it was too late
Alberto Garrido,
Testimonios de la Revolucion
Bolivariana
, pages 277-283.

134
setting a car on fire
Blanco Muñoz,
Habla El Comandante
,
pages 147, 222, 233-234, 482.

136
determine their own destiny
Ibid., page 120.

136
political and moral corruption
Michael McCaughan,
The Battle of
Venezuela
(New York: Seven Stories Press, 2005), page 68.

136
make the changes happen
Author's interview, Francisco Arias
Cárdenas, December 18, 2005.

137
So it was very simple
Author's interview, Francisco Arias Cárdenas,
December 17, 2005.

137
finally I left
Blanco Muñoz,
Habla El Comandante
, page 139.

137
February 3
Ibid., page 140.

138
the same pitch
Marta Harnecker,
Understanding the Venezuelan
Revolution
, page 36.

138
there was no turning back
Blanco Muñoz,
Habla El Comandante
,
page 142.

138
battle of Carabobo led by Bolívar
Author's interview, Francisco Javier
Centeno, January 19, 2006.

139
don't send me anything
Blanco Muñoz,
Habla El Comandante
,
page 143.

139
details of the plot in Caracas
Ibid., pages 267-268, 327.

140
they would open fire
ángela Zago,
Rebelión de los Angeles
, page 105.

141
construct a real democracy
Author's interview, Francisco Arias
Cárdenas, December 17, 2005.

143
La Carlota military air base
Author's interview, Joel Acosta
Chirinos, January 12, 2006.

144
launching a coup themselves
Author's interview, Antonio Rojas
Suárez, November 3, 2006.

145
fled inside to take cover
Author's interviews, Mario Ivan Carratú,
November 28, 2005; December 1, 2005; December 4, 2005;
January 10, 2006.

145
returned fire
Author's interview, Francisco José Jara Ramírez,
January 20, 2006.

146
prepared to defend himself
Author's interviews, Mario Ivan Carratú,
November 28, 2005; December 1, 2005; December 4, 2005;
January 10, 2006.

146
get me out of here immediately
Ibid.

149
It was a terrible confusion
Blanco Muñoz,
Habla El Comandante
,
pages 489 and 222.

149
It was about 2 A.M.
Zago,
Rebelión
, page 142.

150
personal courage to attack Miraflores
Author's interviews,
Fernando Ochoa Antich, November 24-25, 2005.

150
not to do crazy things
Blanco Muñoz,
Habla El Comandante
,
page 247.

151
loyalist troops would prevail
George Gedda, "Bush Rallies to Pérez's
Defense After Coup Attempt," Associated Press, February 4, 1992.

152
like a desperate Kamikaze
Blanco Muñoz,
Habla El Comandante
,
pages 146, 484.

153
broken promises
Harnecker,
Understanding the Venezuelan
Revolution
, pages 34-36.

153
have told a different story
Author's interview, Pablo Medina,
January 11, 2006.

153
or a different opinion
Alberto Garrido,
Testimonios de la Revolucion
Bolivariana,
pages 23-24.

155
to fight hopelessly, to die or kill, isn't right
Blanco Muñoz,
Habla El
Comandante
, pages 471, 151.

155
lay down their arms
Author's interview, General Ramón Santeliz
Ruíz, April 20, 2006.

155
breaking into pieces
Blanco Muñoz,
Habla El Comandante
,
page 473.

156
he thought to himself
Rosa Miriam Elizalde and Luis Báez,
Chávez Nuestro
, page 364.

157
That was live
Blanco Muñoz,
Habla El Comandante
, page 261.

158
a barrio in Barquisimeto
Author's interview, Lisa Sullivan,
December 10, 2005.

158
have the political impact it did
Author's interview, Fernando Ochoa
Antich, November 24, 2005.

159
the future of events
Díaz Rangel,
Todo Chávez
, page 17.

161
prevent suicide attempts
Author's interview, Francisco Arias
Cárdenas, June 17, 2006.

161
you're a hero
Cristina Marcano and Alberto Barrera Tyszka,
Chávez Sin Uniforme
, page 146.

162
didn't fail like we thought
Ibid., page 163.

162
should be given a medal
James Brooke, "Venezuelans Secretly
Support Army Coup Plotters,"
The New York Times
, February 9, 1992.

162
victory by the insurgents
Harold Olmos, "Government, Uneasy
After Coup Attempt, Warns News Media," Associated Press,
February 6, 1992.

163
government were pulled
Harold Olmos, "Newspapers and
Magazines Raided; Retired General Arrested," Associated Press,
February 8, 1992.

163
most copies of the supplement
James Brooke, "Venezuela, Wary After
Coup, Censors Press,"
The New York Times
, February 10, 1992.

163
on the verge of perishing," he said
Olmos, "Newspapers and
Magazines Raided."

163
death and damage
James Brooke, "Venezuela, Wary After Coup,
Censors Press."

163
supposed to go
David L. Marcus, "Crackdown on Media Angers
Venezuelans,"
The Dallas Morning News
, February 10, 1992.

163
ordered stories removed
Harold Olmos, "Police Close Newspaper as
Media Crackdown Continues," Associated Press, February 10, 1992.

164
"Democracy with censorship is dictatorship!"
Steven Gutkin,
"Journalists March in Venezuela Demanding Rights Be Restored,"
Associated Press, February 11, 1992.

164
a popular hero
Ibid.

164
share power with anybody
John R. Engen, "Venezuelans Make Coup
Leader Hero, See Leadership Vacuum," Associated Press, March 11,
1992.

164
our Saddam Hussein
James Brooke, "Fiery Nationalism Drove
Venezuelan Plotters,"
The New York Times
, February 11, 1992.

165
failed to kill the president
Brooke, "Venezuelans Secretly Support
Army Coup Plotters."

165
are with you!
Engen, "Venezuelans Make Coup Leader Hero."

165
armored vehicles from leaving
Author's interview, Francisco Arias
Cárdenas.

165
a bookshelf
Rosa Miriam Elizalde and Luis Báez,
Chávez Nuestro
,
page 25.

165
ruefully noted
Marcano and Barrera Tyska,
Hugo Chávez Sin
Uniforme
, page 146.

166
movement should take
Blanco Muñoz,
La Maisantera Chávez,
pages
154, 197.

166
his political philosophy
Richard Gott,
In the Shadow of the Liberator
,
page 127.

167
between his sock and his shoe
Elizalde and Báez,
Chávez Nuestro
,
page 43.

167
of the group
Marcano and Barrera Tyszka,
Hugo Chávez Sin
Uniforme
, page 176.

168
hot, stagnant air
Author's interview, Francisco Arias Cárdenas.

168
according to Francisco Arias Cárdenas
Ibid.

168
peppers, tomatoes, and cucumbers
Elizalde and Báez,
Chávez
Nuestro
, page 137.

169
letters he received
Ibid.

169
English classes
ángela Zago,
La Rebelión de los Angeles
, page 97.

169
as Chávez saw it
Aleida Guevara,
Chávez: Un Hombre Que Anda
Por Ahí
, page 12.

169
Chávez's recorded messages
Author's interview, Jhannett Madriz
Sotillo, January 18, 2006.

169
amid their clothes
Ibid; Blanco Muñoz,
La Maisantera Chávez,
pages 154, 197.

169
taking advantage of the time
Guevara,
Chávez
, pages 10-11.

170
out of San Carlos
Agustín Blanco Muñoz,
Habla El Comandante
,
page 317.