Iran's Deadly Ambition (26 page)

  
2
.
   
Amir Taheri, “Iran and the Ikhwan: The Ideological Roots of a Partnership,”
Asharq al-Awsat
(London), May 31, 2014,
http://www.aawsat.net/2014/05/article55332765
.

  
3
.
   
Casey L. Addis,
Iran: Regional Perspectives and Policies
(Congressional Research Service, January 13, 2010), 24,
http://fas.org/sgp/crs/mideast/R40849.pdf
.

  
4
.
   
Mehdi Khalaji, “Egypt’s Muslim Brotherhood and Iran,” Washington Institute for Near East Policy, PolicyWatch 1476 (February 12, 2009),
http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/view/egypts-muslim-brotherhood-and-iran
.

  
5
.
   
Mehdi Khalaji, “Iran on Egypt’s Muslim Brotherhood,” Tehran Bureau, February 25, 2011,
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/tehranbureau/2011/02/iran-on-egypts-muslim-brotherhood.html
.

  
6
.
   
“Egypt to Let Iranian Warships through Suez Canal,”
CNN.com
, February 18, 2011,
http://www.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/meast/02/18/egypt.iran.warships/index.html?_s=PM:WORLD
.

  
7
.
   
Richard Spencer, “Egypt and Iran Forging Closer Links with Ambassadors Plan,”
The Telegraph
(London), April 19, 2011,
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/egypt/8461295/Egypt-and-Iran-forging-closer-links-with-ambassadors-plan.html
.

  
8
.
   
“Iran Floats Joint Atomic Work with Egypt,” Global Security Newswire, July 5, 2011,
http://www.nti.org/gsn/article/iran-floats-joint-atomic-work-with-egypt/
.

  
9
.
   
Taheri, “Iran and the Ikhwan.”

10
.
   
“ ‘Islamic Awakening’: Morsi’s Egypt Turns to Iran—Report,” RT, June 25, 2012,
http://rt.com/news/israel-iran-egypt-morsi-686/
.

11
.
   
Mostafa al-Labbad, “Morsi’s Iran Speech Reasserts Egypt’s Regional Role,”
As-Safir
(Beirut), September 8, 2012, accessed at
Al-Monitor
,
http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/ar/politics/2012/09/political-messages-in-iran-morsi-speech.html#
.

12
.
   
“Morsi Accused of Leaking State Secrets to Iran,” Al Jazeera America, February 23, 2014,
http://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2014/2/23/morsi-accused-ofleakingstatesecrets.html
.

13
.
   
“Egypt Invites Iranian President to Sisi’s Inauguration,” Reuters, June 3, 2014,
http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/06/03/us-iran-egypt-idUSKBN0EE1SO20140603
.

14
.
   
“Russia, Egypt Seal Preliminary Deal Worth $3.5 Billion: Agency,” Reuters, September 17, 2014,
http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/09/17/us-russia-egypt-arms-idUSKBN0HC19T20140917
.

15
.
   
“Egypt Interim Gov’t Says Keen to Improve Iran Ties,” Press TV (Tehran), October 7, 2013,
http://presstv.com/detail/2013/10/07/328045/egypt-eager-to-improve-ties-with-iran/
.

16
.
   
“Crowd Attacks Residence of Iranian Diplomat in Egypt,” Press TV (Tehran), April 6, 2013,
http://presstv.com/detail/2013/04/06/296776/crowd-attacks-iran-envoys-home-in-egypt/
.

17
.
   
“Egypt Denounces Iranian Intervention within Local Affairs,”
Egypt Independent
, January 8, 2014,
http://www.egyptindependent.com//news/egypt-denounces-iranian-intervention-within-local-affairs
.

18
.
   
See, for example, Ann Mahjar-Barducci, “Iran’s Plan to Destabilize Egypt,” Gatestone Institute, June 6, 2014,
http://www.gatestoneinstitute.org/4343/iran-egypt
.

19
.
   
Ibid.

20
.
   
American Foreign Policy Council,
World Almanac of Islamism
, s.v. “Bahrain” (last updated August 29, 2013),
http://almanac.afpc.org/Bahrain
.

21
.
   
Shabnam Nourian, “Iran’s Support for Bahrain Protesters Fuels Regional Tensions,” Deutsche Welle, April 15, 2011,
http://www.dw.de/irans-support-for-bahrain-protesters-fuels-regional-tensions/a-6504403-1
.

22
.
   
Elise Labott, “Bahrain Government Accuses Hezbollah of Aiding Opposition Groups,”
CNN.com
, April 25, 2011,
http://www.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/meast/04/25/bahrain.hezbollah/
.

23
.
   
“Bahrain Jails Three for Spying for Iran: Report,” Agence France-Presse, July 6, 2011,
http://gulfnews.com/news/gulf/bahrain/bahrain-jails-three-for-spying-for-iran-report-1.833932
.

24
.
   
“Iran Wants Bahrain as Its ‘Crown Jewel,’ ” Agence France-Presse, November 1, 2011,
http://www.muscatdaily.com/Archive/Gcc/Iran-wants-Bahrain-as-its-crown-jewel-minister
.

25
.
   
U.S. Department of Defense, “Media Availability with Secretary Gates from Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,” News Transcript, April 6, 2011,
http://www.defense.gov/transcripts/transcript.aspx?transcriptid=4806
.

26
.
   
Michael Slackman, “The Proxy Battle in Bahrain,”
New York Times
, March 19, 2011,
http://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/20/weekinreview/20proxy.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0
.

27
.
   
“Gulf States Send Forces to Bahrain Following Protests,” BBC News, March 14, 2011,
http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-12729786
.

28
.
   
“A Talk with Peninsula Shield Force Commander Mutlaq Bin Salem al-Azima,”
Asharq al-Awsat
(London), March 28, 2011,
http://www.aawsat.net/2011/03/article55247010
.

29
.
   
“Bahrain Accuses Iran of Aiding Rebels,” Al Jazeera (Doha), January 3, 2014,
http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2014/01/bahrain-accuses-iran-training-rebels-201413144049814960.html
.

30
.
   
Hakim Almasmari, “Thousands Expected to Die in 2010 in Fight against Al-Qaeda,”
Yemen Post
, April 10, 2010,
http://yemenpost.net/Detail123456789.aspx?ID=3&SubID=1749&MainCat=2
.

31
.
   
“Houthis Kill 24 in North Yemen,”
Yemen Post
, November 27, 2011,
http://www.yemenpost.net/Detail123456789.aspx?ID=3&SubID=4393&MainCat=3
.

32
.
   
Hakim Almasmari, “Houthi Official Denies Receiving Arms from Iran,”
The National
, March 16, 2012,
http://www.thenational.ae/news/world/middle-east/houthi-official-denies-receiving-arms-from-iran
.

33
.
   
Eric Schmitt and Robert F. Worth, “With Arms for Yemen Rebels,
Iran Seeks Wider Mideast Role,”
New York Times
, March 15, 2012,
http://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/15/world/middleeast/aiding-yemen-rebels-iran-seeks-wider-mideast-role.html
.

34
.
   
Robert F. Worth and C. J. Chivers, “Seized Arms off Yemen Raise Alarm over Iran,”
New York Times
, March 2, 2013,
http://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/03/world/middleeast/seized-arms-off-yemen-raise-alarm-over-iran.html
.

35
.
   
Hakim Almasmari, “Houthi Official Denies Receiving Arms from Iran.”

36
.
   
As cited in “Yemeni President Urges Iran to Stop Interference: Newspaper,” Reuters, March 31, 2014,
http://dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2014/Mar-31/251780-yemen-president-urges-iran-to-stop-interference-newspaper.ashx#axzz3DuqZzzBA
.

37
.
   
Arafat Madabish, “Yemen’s Houthis Advancing Close to Saudi Border: Source,”
Asharq al-Awsat
(London), September 16, 2014,
http://www.aawsat.net/2014/09/article55336622
.

38
.
   
Adam Baron, “Triumph of Anti-American Rebels in Yemen Raises Questions about Obama Success Claims,”
McClatchyDC.com
, September 22, 2014,
http://www.mcclatchydc.com/2014/09/22/240647/triumph-of-anti-american-rebels.html
.

39
.
   
Khaled Abdallah and Sami Aboudi, “Saudi Arabia Leads Air Strikes against Yemen’s Houthi Rebels,” Reuters, March 26, 2015,
http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/03/26/yemen-security-idUSL2N0WS02B20150326
.

40
.
   
“Iranian Revolutionary Guard Escalating Activities in Yemen—Diplomatic Source,”
Asharq Al-Awsat
(London)
,
July 25, 2012,
http://www.aawsat.net/2012/07/article55241229
.

41
.
   
See, for example, “Iran Sends Fourth Consignment of Humanitarian Aid to Syria,” Press TV (Tehran), July 28, 2013,
http://www.presstv.com/detail/2013/07/28/316055/iran-sends-humanitarian-aid-to-syria/
.

42
.
   
Andrew Parasiliti, “Iran’s Foreign Minister Offers Help with Syria’s Chemical Weapons,”
Al-Monitor
, September 30, 2013,
http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2013/09/foreign-minister-zarif-seeks-iranian-role-in-syria-talks.html
.

43
.
   
Luke McKenna, “Syria Is Importing Iranian Snipers to Murder Anti-Government Protesters,” Business Insider, January 27, 2012,
http://www.businessinsider.com/syria-is-importing-iranian-snipers-to-murder-anti-government-protesters-2012-1
.

44
.
   
Babak Dehghanpisheh, “Elite Iranian Unit’s Commander Says His Forces Are in Syria,”
Washington Post
, September 16, 2012,
http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/elite-iranian-units-commander-says-his-forces-are-in-syria/2012/09/16/431ff096-0028-11e2-b257-e1c2b3548a4a_story.html
; Karen DeYoung and Joby Warrick, “Iran, Hezbollah Build Militia Networks in Syria in Event that Assad Falls, Officials Say,”
Washington Post
, February 10, 2013,
http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/iran-hezbollah-build-militia-networks-in-syria-in-event-that-assad-falls-officials-say/2013/02/10/257a41c8-720a-11e2-ac36-3d8d9dcaa2e2_story.html?hpid=z2
.

45
.
   
Farnaz Fassihi, “Iran Recruiting Afghan Refugees to Fight for Regime in Syria,”
Wall Street Journal
, May 15, 2014,
http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052702304908304579564161508613846?mg=reno64-wsj&url=http%3A%2F%2Fonline.wsj.com%2Farticle%2FSB10001424052702304908304579564161508613846.html
.

46
.
   
See, for example, Jonathan Saul and Parisa Hafezi, “Iran Boosts Military Support in Syria to Bolster Assad,” Reuters, February 21, 2014,
http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/02/21/us-syria-crisis-iran-idUSBREA1K09U20140221
.

47
.
   
See Patrick Hilsman, “Iran’s Drone War in Syria,” Daily Beast, May 14, 2014,
http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2014/05/14/iran-s-drone-war-in-syria.html
.

48
.
   
“Iran, Russia, China Prop Up Syria Economy, Official Says,”
UPI.com
, June 28, 2013,
http://www.upi.com/Top_News/World-News/2013/06/28/Iran-Russia-China-prop-up-Syria-economy-official-says/78611372401000/
.

49
.
   
Adam Kredo, “State Dept Confirms: Iran Now Shipping Oil to Syria,”
Washington Free Beacon
, June 12, 2014,
http://freebeacon.com/national-security/state-dept-confirms-iran-now-shipping-oil-to-syria/
.

50
.
   
“Official: Iran Recruiting Afghans to Reduce Hizbullah Casualties in Syria,” Naharnet, May 16, 2014,
http://www.naharnet.com/stories/en/130818
.

51
.
   
“Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps Commander Jafari: We Support Resistance to U.S. and Israel in Syria and Elsewhere in the Region,” Middle East Media Research Institute, video clip no. 4272, April 21, 2014,
http://www.memritv.org/clip/en/4272.htm
.

52
.
   
Simon Tisdall, “Iran and Assad Have Won in Syria, Say Top Tehran Foreign Policy Figures,”
The Guardian
(London), May 12, 2014,
http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/may/11/syria-crisis-iran-assad-won-war-tehran
.

53
.
   
See, for example, Dalga Khatinoglu, “Iranian Top Military Commander Killed in Syria,” Trend News Agency (Baku), October 17, 2014,
http://en.trend.az/iran/politics/2323112.html
.

54
.
   
See, for example, Michael Young, “Hezbollah’s Vietnam?” NOW Lebanon, July 6, 2013,
https://now.mmedia.me/lb/en/commentaryanalysis/hezbollahs-vietnam
.

55
.
   
“Iran’s Influence Has Reached the Mediterranean,” Access ADL (blog), May 2, 2014,
http://blog.adl.org/tags/supreme-leader/page/2
, excerpt translated from FARS News Agency (Tehran),
http://www.farsnews.com/newstext.php?nn=13930212000301
.