Islands of Destiny: The Solomons Campaign and the Eclipse of the Rising Sun (61 page)

4. EMPIRE IN THE BALANCE

“Japanese Fleet Quits Solomons”:
(p. 160):
New York Times
, October 31, 1942.
“Naval quarters” et seq:
(p. 160):
New York Times
, October 29, 1942.
“GROUND SITUATION AT CACTUS CAN BE TURNED IN OUR FAVOR”:
(p. 161): CINCPAC-COMSOPAC Dispatch 282225, October 1942. CINCPAC Greybook, Pt. 2, p. 965.
“On a grand scale”:
(p. 166): CINCPAC Greybook, November 8, 1942, Pt. 2, p. 1158.
“All-out attempt upon Guadalcanal soon”:
(p. 166): CINCPAC Fleet Intelligence Summary, November 9, 1942. SRMN-009, “CINCPAC Fleet Intelligence Summaries, 22 June 1942–8 May 1943” (declassified July 7, 1985), p. 178.
“ULTRA. INDICATIONS THAT MAJOR OPERATION”:
(p. 167): CINCPAC-SOPAC et al., 092107, November 1942; CINCPAC Greybook Pt. 2, pp. 902–3.
“What is the range and bearing?” et seq:
(p. 175): Hara Tameichi,
Japanese Destroyer Captain
, quoted p. 140.
“Pandemonium”:
(p. 176): Ibid., p. 141.
“Cease firing, own ships!” et seq:
(p. 177): James Hornfischer,
Neptune’s Inferno
, quoted pp. 288, 291.
“We’ve got the bastards”:
(p. 183): Halsey and Bryan,
Admiral Halsey’s Story
, quoted p. 130.
“THIS FORCE TO OPERATE”:
(p. 184): Ivan Musicant,
Battleship at War
, quoted p. 114.
“The sudden appearance of enemy battleships”:
(p. 192): Kondo Nobutake, “Some Opinions Concerning the War,” in Goldstein and Dillon, eds.,
The Pacific War Papers
, p. 314.
“GUADALCANAL ATTACK FORCE”:
(p. 193): Ugaki Diary, November 14, 1942, quoted p. 271.
“On Nov. 14, while escorting our transport fleet”:
(p. 194–95): Imperial Headquarters announcement, November 18, 1942;
New York Times
, November 19, 1942, p. 2.
“[A] continuance of that night engagement”:
(p. 195): Kondo Nobutake in Goldstein and Dillon, eds.,
The Pacific War Papers
, p. 316.
“It is now definite”:
(p. 199): CINCPAC War Diary, November
15, 1942 (Nov. 16 in the South Pacific). CINCPAC Greybook, Pt. 2, p. 1168.
“ONCE AGAIN RADIO INTELLIGENCE HAS ENABLED”:
(p. 200): CINCPAC-COMSOPAC et al., 170139 Nov 42. NARA: RG-457, NSA Records, SRH-306 “Exploits and Commendations, World War II” (declassified July 18, 1984), p. 7.
“Our Army troops…are starving”:
(p. 201): Orita Zenji with Joseph D. Harrington,
I-Boat Captain
, quoted p. 138.
“It was an error on my part”:
(p. 206): Hara Tameichi,
Japanese Destroyer Captain
, quoted p. 165.
“The time for changing the future policy”:
(p. 210): Ugaki Diary, December 8, 1942; op. cit., p. 301.
“To withdraw from Guadalcanal,” et seq:
(p. 211): Colonel Sanada Joichiro Interrogation (WDC 62081). NARA: Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, John Toland Papers, box 3, folder: “Guadalcanal.”
“During the period from about the latter part of January”:
(p. 212): IGHQ Navy Directive No. 184, January 4, 1943. IGHQ Directives, p. 80.
“OUR COMMON OBJECTIVE IS RABAUL”:
(pp. 213–14): COMSOPAC-COMSOWESPAC, 280145 Nov 42. CINCPAC Greybook, Pt. 2, p. 1001.

5. INCHING FOR GROUND

“It’s deplorable indeed”:
(p. 218): Ugaki Diary, December 28, 1942, p. 314.
“A major action…is expected soon”:
(p. 226): CINCPAC Fleet Intelligence Summary, January 31, 1943. NARA: RG-457, SRMN-009 (the fleet summaries quoted below are also from this source).
“The major operation predicted yesterday”:
(p. 226): CINCPAC Fleet Intelligence Summary, February 1, 1943.
“INDICATIONS ARE THAT JAP OFFENSIVE”:
(p. 229): COMINCH Dispatch 012330 February 1943. NARA: RG-457, SRMN-044.
“ARE THERE ANY INDICATIONS”:
(p. 230): COMINCH Dispatch 062149, February 6, 1943, Ibid.
“AS YET NOTHING”:
(p. 230): COMSOPAC Dispatch 080931, February 7, 1943. Ibid.
“The fake message which helped”:
(p. 231): Ito Haruki 1958 Interview. Naval Historical Center, Morison Papers, box 26.
“The return of the Advance Force to Truk”:
(p. 231): CINCPAC Fleet Intelligence Summary, February 9, 1943.
“‘TOKYO EXPRESS’ NO LONGER HAS TERMINUS ON GUADALCANAL”:
(p. 231): Message, Patch–Halsey, February 9, 1943. Morison,
The Struggle for Guadalcanal
, quoted p. 371.
“The end was as abrupt as the beginning”:
(pp. 231–32): Robert Sherrod,
History of Marine Corps Aviation in World War II
, quoted p. 127.
“It was very useful to have”:
(p. 234): Prados,
Combined Fleet Decoded
, quoted p. 401.
“Became the victim”:
(p. 238): W. J. Holmes,
Double-Edged Secrets
, p. 116.
“It looked like the 4th of July” et seq:
(pp. 242–43): James Fahey,
Pacific War Diary
, pp. 36–37.
“They made glaring tactical mistakes”:
(pp. 247–48): Office of Naval Intelligence (Op-16-FE), “Characteristics and Quality of Japanese Naval Pilots,” October 25, 1943. NARA: RG-38, Naval Operations: ONI Reports, box 2, folder: “1943 ONI F-14 Serials.”
“We’d go in individually” et seq:
(p. 248): Eric Bergerud,
Fire in the Sky
, quoted p. 541.
“Display their all-out joint might”:
(p. 250): NGS Directive No. 184, January 4, 1943. IGHQ Directives, p. 82.
“Enemy Fleets in advance bases”:
(p. 257): NGS Directive No. 206, March 25, 1943. IGHQ Directives, p. 104.

6. WAR OF ATTRITION

“There will be no hope”:
(p. 260): Ugaki Diary, April 3, 1943, p. 320.
“More than once this lack of experience”
(p. 261): Okumiya Masatake and Horikoshi Jiro,
Zero
, p. 175.
“Increased air activity”
(p. 262): CINCPAC Fleet Intelligence Summary, April 4, 1943. NARA: RG-457, SRMN-009, p. 343.
“Large air action by land-based planes”:
(p. 262): CINCPAC Fleet Intelligence Summary, April 6, 1943. Ibid., p. 345.
“There’s millions of ’em”:
(p. 263):
Washington Post
, January 23, 2009, quoted p. B9.
“A good stimulus”:
(p. 267): Bruce Gamble,
Fortress Rabaul
, quoted p. 327.
“The meeting concluded”:
(p. 268): Okumiya and Horikoshi,
Zero
, p. 176.
“We’ve hit the jackpot”:
(p. 270): Roger Pineau, “The Death of Admiral Yamamoto,”
Naval Intelligence Professionals Quarterly
, October 1994, quoted p. 4.
“I personally did the whole thing” et seq:
(p. 270): John Prados,
Combined Fleet Decoded
, quoted p. 459.
“An attempt will be made to intercept”:
(p. 271): CINCPAC War Diary, April 16, 1943. CINCPAC Greybook, Pt. 2, p. 1510.
“Hold on, Kelly”:
(p. 274): Halsey and Bryan,
Admiral Halsey’s Story
, quoted p. 157.
“No officers were evident along our route” et seq:
(p. 276): Hara Tameichi with Fred Saito and Roger Pineau,
Japanese Destroyer Captain
, p. 176.
“A number of Lightning fighters”:
(p. 278): Navy Department Communiqué No. 348, April 18, 1943. Department of the Navy,
Navy Department Communiqués 301 to 600, March 6, 1943 to May 24, 1945.
United States Navy: Office of Public Information, 1945, p. 17.
“In a race of unknown men”:
(p. 281):
Time
magazine, November 8, 1943, p. 30.
“No matter how many times the enemy shall advance”:
(p. 283): Address No. 4 to the Combined Fleets, May 23, 1943 (JICPOA Item no. 4986). United States Congress, Joint Committee to Investigate the Pearl Harbor Attack,
Report: Congressional Investigation Pearl Harbor Attack.
Washington: Government Printing Office, 1946, Pt. 6, p. 612.
“The information created a tumult”:
(p. 286): Hanami Kohei, “The Man I Might Have Killed Was Kennedy,”
Yomiuri
Daily, November 2, 1960.
“Once more the setup of Tassafaronga”:
(p. 290): Morison,
Breaking the Bismarcks Barrier
, p. 181.
“While night fighting had long been regarded”:
(p. 292): Hanami Kohei, op cit.
“The air units and surface units will cooperate” et seq:
(pp. 296–97): Southeast Area Force Operation Order No. 10, July 18, 1943. Naval Historical Center: Records of the Japanese Navy and Related Documents, SOPAC Translations, box 3, item no. 730.
“We had three alternatives”:
(p. 299): quoted in “Japanese Captain Was in Ship That Sank P.T. 109,”
Evening Post
(Sydney), August 1, 1963.
“Unprecedented” et seq:
(p. 300): Yamashiro Satsumori, “Collision with American
PT-109
Boat,”
Suiko
, September 1960 (publication of the
Suikokai
Society, English trans-lation provided to John F. Kennedy).
Japanese dispute over
PT-109
:
(p. 300–1): This discussion is based upon letters to President Kennedy from the Japanese participants, press clippings, and other material contained in the files “PT-109 Correspondence—Japanese,” and “PT-109 Correspondence—Robert Donovan” in box 132 of John F. Kennedy’s Papers (Personal Papers, Personal Secretary’s Files) at the Kennedy Library.
“Isn’t there someplace where we can strike”:
(p. 302): Herbert P. Bix,
Hirohito and the Making of Modern Japan.
New York: HarperCollins, 2000, quoted p. 466.
“Undoubtedly reliable” et seq:
(p. 305): ONI, “Japanese Intelligence Activities in South and Southwest Pacific Areas,” February 9, 1944 (declassified May 3, 1972). NARA: RG-38, ONI Series, box 8, folder: “Intelligence Organs.”
“Fought bravely, then died of starvation” et seq:
(p. 308): Bix,
Hirohito and the Making of Modern Japan
, quoted pp. 466–67.
“You have just noted the brief life expectancy of a destroyer” et seq:
(p. 312): Hara Tameichi,
Japanese Destroyer Captain
, quoted p. 226.

7. FORTRESS RABAUL

“Rabaul was the hardest target”:
(p. 317): Eric Bergerud,
Fire in the Sky
, quoted p. 641.
“The toughest, hardest-fought engagement”:
(p. 317): George Kenney,
General Kenney Reports
, p. 319.
“You would just grit your teeth” et seq:
(p. 317): Bergerud, op cit., pp. 650, 648, 649.
“Rabaul was the keystone”:
(p. 317): Frank E. Walton,
Once They Were Eagles
, p. 89.
“Prior to the beginning of 1943”:
(p. 319): Henry Sakaida,
Aces of the Rising Sun, 1937–1945
, quoted p. 107.
“What appeared to be a short directive”:
(p. 322): COMINCH Ultra Summary, October 29, 1943. NARA: RG-457: COMINCH Summaries of Radio Intelligence, SRNS no. 0564.
“You sense a funny feeling”:
(p. 329): James Fahey,
Pacific War Diary
, p. 71.
“They say the maneuvers”:
(p. 330): Ibid., p. 72.
“Graveyard of the fighter pilots”:
(p. 333): Sakaida,
Aces of the Rising Sun
, p. 115.
“Fate determines at birth” et seq:
(p. 333): Ibid., p. 107.
“P-38s at low altitude”:
(p. 333): Ibid.
“The enemy planes practically flew into our gunfire”:
(p. 333): Hara,
Japanese Destroyer Captain
, p. 241.
“Never in the long history of warfare”:
(p. 334): Kenney,
General Kenney Reports
, p. 321.
“Never, indeed, have such exorbitant claims been made”:
(p. 334): Samuel Eliot Morison,
Breaking the Bismarcks Barrier
, p. 288.
“The most desperate emergency”:
(p. 335): William F. Halsey,
Admiral Halsey’s Story
, pp. 180-81.
“Information that a force of cruisers”:
(p. 335): CINCPAC War Diary, November 2, 1943. CINCPAC Greybook, pt. 2, p. 1679.
“IN CIRCUMSTANCES BELIEVE REINFORCEMENTS BEING FURNISHED”:
(p. 335): CINCPAC-COMSOPAC 030915 September 43. CINCPAC Greybook, p. 1823.
“Usually…consistent attacks”
and
“AS IN THE PAST WE WILL HURT JAPS”:
(p. 336): COMSOPAC-CINCPAC 040446 September 43. Ibid.
“Lay Rabaul flat”:
(p. 340): Halsey,
Admiral Halsey’s Story
, p. 183.
“My maximum effort would be pretty low”:
(pp. 341–42): Kenney,
General Kenney Reports
, p. 322.
“IT IS REAL MUSIC TO ME”:
(p. 343): Morison,
Breaking the Bismarcks Barrier
, quoted pp. 329–30.
“WITH VIEW EARLIEST POSSIBLE STRIKES”:
(p. 343): CINCPAC-COMSOPAC 052111 September 1943. CINCPAC Greybook, Pt. 2, p. 1824.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

OFFICIAL SOURCES

Joint Chiefs of Staff

Grace Peterson Hayes,
The History of the Joint Chiefs of Staff in World War II: The War Against Japan
. Annapolis: Naval Institute, 1982.

National Security Agency

Sharon A. Maneki,
The Quiet Heroes of the Southwest Pacific Theater: An Oral History of the Women of CBB and FRUMEL.
United States Cryptologic History, Series IV, World War II, volume 7, CCH-S54-96-01. NSA, 1996.

United States Air Force

Maurer Maurer, ed.,
Combat Squadrons of the Air Force, World War II.
Department of the Air Force, 1969.

United States Army

Army in World War II Series: The War in the Pacific John Miller, Jr.,
CARTWHEEL: The Reduction of Rabaul.
Center of Military History, 1959.