Legalizing Prostitution: From Illicit Vice to Lawful Business (57 page)

Public Administration Probity in Decision-Making Act (BIBOB) (2003),
159
–160,
163
,
164
,
166

rates for services,
133

red-light districts (RLDs) in,
152

Rode Draad (Red Thread) (
see
Rode Draad)

Rotterdam,
151
,
152
,
167
–168,
201

Scharlaken Koord (Scarlet Cord),
154
,
169
–170

sex businesses,
152
–153,
154
–155,
159
–160

sex businesses, banks refusal to lend to,
163
,
211

sex industry in,
153
–154,
155

street prostitution in,
74
,
186

tax evasion/payments by sex industry,
158
–159

third parties in,
149

Tippelzones
(strolling zones),
150
–151,
186
,
208

Utrecht,
151
,
152
,
167
–168

Van Traa Project,
159
,
160

window workers in,
151
–152,
154

Nevada,
87
–90

brothel workers in,
28
,
88
–89

brothels in,
50
–52,
65
–66,
87
–90

Ely,
90

illegal prostitution in,
89

Las Vegas,
50
–51,
87
,
89

legal prostitution in,
87
–90,
205
,
213

legalization of prostitution, ix,
51

Lincoln Country,
90

Reno,
50
–51,
87

two-track prostitution policy,
59
,
61

New Haven, Connecticut,
67

New South Wales, Australia,
96
,
159
,
205
,
208

New York City,
32

New York State,
57

New Zealand,
97
–100

Auckland,
98

brothel workers in,
220
n91

brothels in,
97
,
98
,
99

call girls/escorts in,
220
n91

Christchurch,
98

decriminalization of prostitution,
97
,
159

legal prostitution in,
97
–100,
101
,
205

legalization of prostitution,
78
,
79
,
84

Manukau,
98
–99

Massage Parlors Act (1978),
97
,
99

pornography on the Internet, attitudes toward,
5

prostitutes, number of,
84
,
99
,
198

prostitution, attitudes toward,
79
,
80
,
100

Prostitution Law Review Committee (PLRC),
99
–100,
212

prostitution policy,
212

street prostitution in,
97
,
98
,
208

streetwalkers in,
220
n91

Wellington,
98

New Zealand Prostitutes’ Collective,
97
,
166
,
212

Northern Territory, Australia,
93

Norway,
68
,
79
,
80

Obama administration,
71

obscenity,
70
–71

Odzer, Cleo,
8
–9,
24

Omaha, Nebraska,
54

oppression paradigm,
10
–16

clients of sex workers in,
36

decriminalization of prostitution,
73

feminism,
10
,
12

gender inequality in sex work,
73

German rejection of,
116

legal prostitution,
88

legalization of prostitution,
72
–74

male sex workers,
11

media focus on,
15
–16

policy making, effect on,
15
–16,
65
,
68

prostitutes in,
12
,
13
–14

Schaapman, Karina,
160

in Sweden,
68

transgender sex workers,
11

organized crime: in Amsterdam,
159
,
161
–162

in Antwerp,
109

criminalization of prostitution,
66

in Germany,
119

Overall, Christine,
72
–73,
205
–206

Padilla, Mark,
40

Paglia, Camille,
7
,
8

Pakistan,
23

Pateman, Carole,
10
–11

Patpong women,
8
–9

Pattaya, Thailand,
24

Pau, Petra,
116

Pearl, Julie,
228
n26

Pennsylvania State Police,
55

Philippines,
39
,
40

Phillips, Joan,
43

Phoenix, Arizona,
229
n36

pimping: in Amsterdam,
161
–162,
198
–199

in Germany,
115
–116

streetwalkers,
25

underage prostitutes,
18

window workers and,
198

Poland,
80
,
149

Policing and Crime Act (UK, 2009),
53
,
228
n23

policymaking: lived experience of prostitution, effect on,
73
–74,
76

oppression paradigm in,
15
–16,
65
,
68

organization of prostitution, effect on,
73
–74,
76

prostitution as policy resistant,
74
–76,
87

political discourse: illegal status of prostitution, emphasis on,
72

oppression paradigm in,
15
–16

polymorphous paradigm in,
16

polymorphous paradigm,
16
–21,
204

Popper, Karl,
15

pornography: antiprostitution movement,
69
–70

attitudes toward in United States,
5
,
6
,
216
n24

Bush administration (2001-2008),
70
–71

gay pornography,
9

on Internet,
5

in New Zealand,
5

prostitution,
13

trafficking,
13
,
69

by and for women,
10

Portugal,
78

Poulin, Richard,
16
,
219
n83

Predator Accountability Act (Illinois, 2006),
67
–68

prescientific reasoning about prostitution,
15

Prince, Diana,
28
,
32

privatization of sexual services and products,
4

professional girlfriends,
42

prohibitionists,
63
–69

prostitutes: age of entry into prostitution,
13
,
14
,
58
,
201

arrests,
54
–55,
66
,
229
n36

assistance in leaving the life,
57
,
94
,
149
,
169
–170

in Austria,
236
n36

from Bulgaria,
123
–124,
152

in Cambodia,
28
–29

childhood abuse,
13
,
14
,
15

clients, number and types of,
18
(
see also
clients of sex workers)

clients’ willingness to marry,
36

contractual rights,
117
,
118
,
157
–158

control over sexual interactions,
7
,
8
–9

coworkers, relationships with,
18

demand for,
83
–84,
85

in Dominican Republic,
42
–43

drug abuse,
13
,
14

in empowerment paradigm,
7
–8

everyday lives of, normalization of,
83

experiences with authorities,
18

exploitation by third parties,
18

generalizations/myths about,
13
–14

from Hungary,
123
,
152

impact on community,
18

legalization of prostitution, support for,
15
,
52

male sex workers (
see
male sex workers)

minimum age for,
156
,
157
,
160
–161,
209

in oppression paradigm,
12
,
13
–14

in polymorphous paradigm,
16
–18

as “prostituted women,”
12

public visibility,
18

rates for services,
133
,
172
,
176
,
187

reasons for entry into prostitution,
18

regulations controlling, compliance with,
84

rights and protections of,
207

from Romania,
123
–124,
152

as “sex slaves,”
12

social mobility of,
19
,
220
n91

supply of,
83

in Thailand,
14
,
24
,
28
–29

types,
17
–18,
120
–122,
150
–153

underage prostitutes,
18
,
149
,
201

victimization while working,
13
,
14
,
19
–20

prostitution: academic writings about,
8

attitudes toward in Belgium,
108

attitudes toward in Britain,
6
,
79
,
80

attitudes toward in Bulgaria,
124

attitudes toward in Germany,
79
,
80
,
108
,
115

attitudes toward in New Zealand,
79
,
80
,
100

attitudes toward in Romania,
124

attitudes toward in the Netherlands,
79
–80,
149