Legalizing Prostitution: From Illicit Vice to Lawful Business (59 page)

violence,
11
.
See also
clients of sex workers; male sex workers; prostitution

Shanghai, China,
220
n87

Sin No More
(Dombrink and Hillyard),
47

“Skippers’ Quarter” (documentary film),
110

Skolnick, Jerome,
81
–82

social mobility of prostitutes,
19
,
220
n91

Societe Anonyme brothel (Amsterdam),
171
,
172

Soderbergh, Steven,
33

sound prostitution,
205
,
207

South Africa,
40
–41

Spain,
80

Spotsylvania County, Virginia,
55

Sprinkle, Annie,
7
–8

Stein, Martha,
34
,
38

stigma associated with sex work: brothel owners,
202

decriminalization of prostitution,
100

effect on legal prostitution,
201
–202,
205

escort agency employees,
30

supply of and demand for sex workers,
83
–84

Stiletto brothel (Sydney),
96

Street Offenses Act (UK, 1959),
53

street prostitution,
56
–59

in Amsterdam,
147
,
151

in Antwerp,
109

in Brussels,
110

in Canada,
230
n59

decriminalization of prostitution,
208

definition,
18

as ecological problem,
57
–58

factors leading individuals into,
58

in Frankfurt,
120
–121

in Germany,
119
,
120
–121

in Hawaii,
61
–62

images of prostitution based on,
22

indoor prostitution compared to,
22
–24

in the Netherlands,
74
,
186

in New South Wales,
96
,
208

in New Zealand,
97
,
98
,
208

Policing and Crime Act (UK, 2009),
53
,
228
n23

problems associated with,
18
–19,
57
–58,
208

reducing incidence of,
58
–59

in Rhode Island, ix; as social problem,
58

Street Offenses Act (UK, 1959),
53

“survival sex,”
58

in Sweden,
75

two-track prostitution policy,
53
,
56
–59

vulnerability to predators,
23

Wolfenden Committee,
53

zones designated for,
58
,
84
,
208

streetwalkers,
23
–28

age of entry into prostitution,
58

assistance in leaving the streets,
57

in California,
28

childhood abuse,
25

clients of,
30
–32

desperation,
58

drug abuse,
18

duration of encounters,
31

exploitation by third parties,
17

generalizations/myths about,
13
–14

homelessness,
58

“honeymooning” to,
38

impact on community,
17
,
23
,
57
–58

indoor prostitutes compared to,
25
–26,
27
–28,
32

job satisfaction,
28

location of services,
17

mental health,
27

in New Zealand,
220
n91

pimping, relationship with,
25

potential clients’ attitudes toward,
21

prices charged,
17

protection against violence toward,
57

public visibility,
17

runaways among,
18
,
58

self-image/esteem,
28

socioeconomic backgrounds,
23

victimization while working,
24
,
25
–26,
95

well-being,
27

strip clubs: African American women,
9

Frankfurt,
121

La Vie En Proost (Amsterdam),
183

targeting of,
69

trafficking,
69

in United States,
4
,
6

Sudfass Sauna Club (Frankfurt),
140
,
141

“survival sex,”
58

Sweden: antiprostitution activities,
68

clients of sex workers, criminalization of,
68
,
75
,
76
,
233
n103

indoor prostitution in,
74

oppression paradigm in,
68

prostitution, attitudes toward,
79
,
80

prostitution policy,
74
,
75

street prostitution in,
75

Switzerland,
80
,
122
,
149

Sydney, Australia,
96

Taiwan,
78

Takeyama, Akiko,
43

Taylor, Bruce,
70
–71

Taylor, Jacqueline Sanchez,
43

telephone sex,
6

Thai Massage parlor (Amsterdam),
186

Thailand: Bangkok,
8
–9,
24

bar or casino workers in,
26
,
39
,
41
–42

indoor prostitution in,
22

Patpong,
8
–9

Pattaya,
24

prostitutes in,
14
,
24
,
28
–29

prostitution, attitudes toward,
79
,
80

sex tourists in,
40

sex work in,
8
–9

third parties: in Amsterdam,
147

in Belgium,
108
,
145

exploitation by,
17

in Germany,
115

in legal prostitu tion regimes,
198
–199

legalization of prostitution,
25

in the Netherlands,
149

Policing and Crime Act (UK, 2009),
53
,
228
n23

in red-light districts (RLDs),
108

roles in indoor prostitution,
25

in Spain,
80

in Uganda,
222
n10.
See also
pimping

Thomas, Joe,
9

Tijuana, Mexico,
91
–92

Tippelzones
(strolling zones),
150
–151,
186
,
208

Tokyo,
43

tourism and indoor prostitution,
39
–44

trafficking: in Amsterdam,
161
,
199
–201

conflation with all sexual commerce,
63

convictions for,
200

criminalization of prostitution,
66

in Germany,
116
,
118
,
120

legal prostitution,
199
–201

in Mumbai, India,
233
n111

pornography,
13
,
69

prostitution,
63
–66,
204

strip clubs,
69

Trafficking in Persons Report
(U.S. State Department),
66

Trafficking Victims Protection Act (USA, 2000),
48

Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act (TVPRA) (USA, 2005),
69

transgender sex workers: age of entry into prostitution,
201

in Amsterdam,
186

in Antwerp,
111

in Brazil,
9

in the Netherlands,
201

oppression paradigm,
11

in San Francisco,
9
–10

window workers,
111
,
186

Trotter, Henry,
40
–41

Trueman, Patrick,
70

two-track prostitution policy,
52
–62

in Atlanta,
59

in Canada,
59

harm reduction principle,
57

indoor prostitution,
53
–57

in Nevada,
59
,
61

precedents for,
59
–62

in Rhode Island,
59
–60,
61

in San Francisco,
59

Street Offenses Act (UK, 1959),
53

street prostitution,
53
,
56
–59

Wolfenden Committee,
53

Uganda,
222
n10

Ukraine,
80

United Kingdom.
See
Britain

United States,
47
–52,
62
–71,
213
–214

Bush administration (2001-2008),
62
,
63
–66,
70
,
71

Clinton administration,
71

criminalization of prostitution, attitudes toward,
6

criminalization of prostitution in,
48
–49,
62
–71

decriminalization of prostitution,
49
–50

End Demand for Sex Trafficking bill (2005),
69

Global AIDS Act (2003),
64
–65

indoor prostitution in,
22
,
74

legalization of prostitution, attitudes toward,
47
,
51

Mann Act (1910),
48

marijuana policy,
47
–48

Obama administration,
71

percentage of men who have paid for sex,
4

pornography, attitudes toward,
5
,
6
,
216
n24

prostitution, attitudes toward,
79
,
80

prostitution in, attitudes toward,
6
,
49
–50

prostitution in, size and earnings,
4
,
215
n2