Legalizing Prostitution: From Illicit Vice to Lawful Business (56 page)

amount of prostitution,
197
–198

in Argentina,
86
–87

in Australia,
92
–96

“best practices” for,
136
,
207
–213

cost of regulations,
210

cross-fertilization from one setting to another,
207

eligibility to engage in,
209
–210

health-related efforts,
211

home-based sex work,
208
–209,
213

in Mexico,
90
–92

in the Netherlands,
153
–170,
203

in Nevada,
87
–90,
205
,
213

in New South Wales,
96
,
205

in New Zealand,
97
–100,
101
,
205

oppression paradigm,
88

policy review and enforcement efforts,
212

prostitutes’ job satisfaction,
91
–92

public visibility minimized,
208
–209

in Queensland,
93
–96

recognition of prostitution as work,
207

relations between prostitutes and owners and managers,
197

resistance to,
100
,
203
,
205

rights and protections of prostitutes,
207

rural-only model of,
50
–51,
213

safety of workers in legal venues,
198
,
211
–212

stigma associated with sex work, effect on,
201
–202,
205

success in achieving goals,
206

tax evasion/payments by sex industry,
118
,
120
,
158
–159,
240
n51

tensions between legal and illegal prostitution,
158
–159,
197

third party involvement in prostitution,
198
–199

trafficking,
199
–201

underage prostitution,
201

variation across systems,
76

in Victoria,
92
–93

worker’ and business owners’ rights,
211

worker cooperatives,
213

working conditions,
197

legalization of marijuana,
48
,
227
n6

legalization of prostitution,
72
–86,
148
–150

aftermath (
see
legal prostitution)

attitudes toward in Britain,
6
,
78

attitudes toward in United States,
51

attitudes toward in various nations,
78

in Australia,
76
,
78

benefits from, expected/desirable,
85
–86

in Britain,
59

business owners’ response to,
101

California ballot,
48

competing viewpoints of,
72
–76

conditions affecting chances of,
81
–82

controllability of prostitution by authorities,
83
–84

creation of parallel legal and illegal sex work,
100
–101

criminalization of prostitution compared to,
196

de facto legalization,
79
–81,
108
,
147
–148,
153
–154

de jure legalization,
77
–79

decriminalization distinguished from,
76

definition,
50
,
76
–77

“forbidden fruit” effect of,
6
,
84

harm reduction,
77
,
97

indoor prostitution,
22

legalization of marijuana compared to,
48

legalization of selling sex from home,
59
,
121

net cost of government regulation,
82

in Nevada, ix,
51

normalization of prostitutes’ everyday lives,
83

officials implementing regulations, challenges to,
101

to oppression theorists,
72
–74

prostitutes, number of,
84
,
99

prostitutes’ compliance with regulations,
84

prostitution as policy resistant,
74
–76,
87

public support for,
51
,
78
,
100

rural-only model of,
50
–51

sexual services and products,
85

support for among prostitutes,
15
,
52

support for among prostitutes’ clients,
52

support for in United States,
47
,
51

support for in various nations,
77
–78

third parties, control of,
25

types,
76
–78

unintended consequences,
87

in Western Australia,
16
,
78
,
97
,
238
n95

Leipzig, Germany,
120

Lenton, Simon,
81
,
82

Liège, Belgium,
109

Lincoln Country, Nevada,
90

Los Angeles,
32

Louis Harris poll,
51

Louisville, Kentucky,
55
,
228
n26

Love Club 21 massage parlor (Amsterdam),
186

Lowman, John,
213

Lucas, Ann,
27
–28,
35

Lynch, Patrick,
60

Lynnwood, Washington,
54
–55

MacKinnon, Catharine,
13
,
69

male sex tourism,
42
–43

male sex workers: “beach boys,”
42
–43

“boyfriend experience” (BFE),
32
,
35

in Dominican Republic,
42
–43

gay tourists,
40

identity-enhancing outcomes from commercial sex,
9

Japanese host clubs,
43
–44

monitoring systems in legal prostitution,
206

oppression paradigm,
11

self-image/esteem,
28

male sexual needs,
20

Mann Act (USA, 1910),
48

Mannheim, Germany,
119

Manukau, New Zealand,
98
–99

marijuana policy in United States,
47
–48

Massachusetts,
47

massage parlors,
186

Massage Parlors Act (New Zealand, 1978),
97
,
99

Matthews, Roger,
84
–85

McIntosh, Mary,
20

McLennan, Natalie,
38

media,
15
–16,
177

mental health,
27

Merit Audits and Surveys poll,
51

Mexico,
8
,
15
,
90
–92

Miami,
67

Miami Sauna Club (Frankfurt),
140
–141

Miller v. California
,
71

Milrod, Christine,
32
–33,
35

Moldova,
80

Monto, Martin,
19

Morality in Media (MIM),
71

Moscow, Russia,
5

Mumbai, India,
233
n111

Murray, Alison,
66

Nashville, Tennessee,
55
–56

National Commission on Marihuana and Drug Abuse,
82

National Law Center for Children and Families,
70

National Organization for Women (NOW),
207
,
209

“negative zones,”
119

the Netherlands,
146
–170

Alkmaar,
152
,
166

Amsterdam (
see
Amsterdam)

Arnhem,
151

bar or casino workers in,
151

brothel owners in,
111
,
154
,
156
–158,
202

brothels in,
151
,
154
,
157
–158

call girls/escorts in,
151

cannabis, possession and sale of,
79
–80

Christian Democratic Party,
155

Christian Union Party,
155

contractual rights of prostitutes,
117
,
157
–158

decriminalization of prostitution in,
166

Eindhoven,
151
,
152
,
199

escort agency employees in,
155
–156,
157

governmentfunded health centers for sex workers,
167
–169

Green Party,
165

Haarlem,
152

The Hague,
151
,
152
,
167
–168,
201

homebased sex work,
151

hotline for reporting abuse of sex workers,
212

indoor prostitutes in,
26

indoor prostitution in,
74

Labor Party,
155

Leeuwarden,
152

legal prostitution in,
203

legal prostitution in, experience with,
153
–170

legalization of prostitution,
78
,
79
,
148
–150,
163
,
166

legalization of prostitution, de facto,
147
–148,
153
–154

Party for Freedom,
155

People’s Party,
155

prostitutes, illegal immigrant,
150
,
151
,
170

prostitutes, minimum age for,
156
,
157
,
160
–161

prostitutes in,
14
,
152
,
155
–156

prostitution, age of entry into,
201

prostitution, attitudes toward,
79
–80,
149

prostitution, illegal,
154
,
156
,
158
–159,
165
–166,
197
–198

prostitution, registration as tool for fighting,
156

prostitution, tensions between legal and illegal,
158
–159

prostitution, types of,
150
–153

prostitution policy,
74
,
75